arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2403.04411cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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具有截面曲率的100nm以下3D磁性纳米线中畴壁钉扎的直接可视化

Direct visualization of domain wall pinning in sub-100nm 3D magnetic nanowires with cross-sectional curvature

Joseph Askey, Matthew Oliver Hunt, Lukas Payne, Arjen van den Berg, Ioannis Pitsios, Alaa Hejazi, Wolfgang Langbein, Sam Ladak

AI总结:

本研究提出结合405nm双光子光刻与传统沉积的方法,制备出特征尺寸低至70nm、兼具截面与纵向曲率的100nm以下3D铁磁纳米线,揭示截面曲率可催生多种新型畴壁,并通过磁力显微镜直接观测到畴壁的注入、钉扎与跳跃行为,建立模型阐明厚度梯度与局域粗糙度对钉扎概率的调控作用。

摘要:

3D磁性纳米结构的研究已揭示出一系列丰富现象,包括利用纳米级曲率实现拓扑自旋织构的稳定与调控、可实现可控自旋波发射的动力学效应,以及由集体3D阻挫相互作用催生的新型基态。从技术角度来看,3D纳米结构为超高密度数据存储、神经形态器件内的大规模互连以及健康技术领域的应用(如干细胞分化的机械诱导)提供了实现路径。然而,制备特征尺寸低至10 nm的3D纳米磁性系统构成了一项重大挑战。在本研究中,我们提出了一种制备兼具截面曲率与纵向曲率的100 nm以下3D铁磁纳米线的方法,该方法采用波长为405 nm的双光子光刻技术结合传统沉积工艺实现。物理表征表明,横向特征尺寸低至70 nm的纳米结构可被快速且可重复地制备。有限元微磁模拟结果显示,该系统的截面曲率能够催生一系列新型畴壁,包括反涡旋织构、耦合横向织构以及混合涡旋/反涡旋织构。研究人员在外加磁场条件下开展磁力显微镜实验,对3D磁性纳米线中畴壁的注入与钉扎进行成像观测。在特定磁场值下,可观察到畴壁在不同陷阱之间跳跃,这为探测局域能量势貌提供了直接手段。本文还提出了一个简化模型,证明厚度梯度与局域粗糙度决定了整条纳米线上钉扎概率的变化情况。

英文摘要:

The study of 3D magnetic nanostructures has uncovered a range of rich phenomena including the stabilization and control of topological spin textures using nanoscale curvature, dynamic effects allowing controlled spin-wave emission, and novel ground states enabled by collective 3D frustrated interactions. From a technological perspective, 3D nanostructures offer routes to ultrahigh density data storage, massive interconnectivity within neuromorphic devices, as well as applications within health technologies, such as mechanical induction of stem cell differentiation. However, the fabrication of 3D nanomagnetic systems with feature sizes down to 10 nm poses a significant challenge. In this work we present a means of fabricating sub-100 nm 3D ferromagnetic nanowires, with both cross-sectional and longitudinal curvature, using two-photon lithography at a wavelength of 405 nm, combined with conventional deposition. Physical characterization illustrates that nanostructures with lateral features as low as 70 nm can be rapidly and reproducibly fabricated. A range of novel domain walls, with anti-vortex textures, coupled transverse textures, and hybrid vortex/anti-vortex textures are found to be enabled by the cross-sectional curvature of the system, as demonstrated by finite-element micromagnetic simulations. Magnetic force microscopy experiments in an externally applied magnetic field are used to image the injection and pinning of domain walls in the 3D magnetic nanowire. At specific field values, domain walls are observed to hop from trap to trap, providing a direct means to probe the local energy landscape. A simple model is presented demonstrating that thickness gradients and local roughness dictate the variation of pinning probability across the wire.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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