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arXiv 1902.02772cond-mat.mes-hall
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多带超导体纳米线中拓扑平凡束缚态的零能钉扎

Zero-energy pinning of topologically-trivial bound states in multi-band semiconductor-superconductor nanowires

Benjamin D. Woods, Jun Chen, Sergey M. Frolov, Tudor D. Stanescu

摘要:

最近对超导体纳米线的隧穿电导测量发现,零偏置峰在很宽的化学势和塞曼能量范围内是普遍存在的。受此启发,我们证明了拓扑平凡的Andreev丰度态(ABS)钉扎在零能量附近的非均匀系统中产生,而一般多带占用的带间耦合的存在下。我们首先调查的带间耦合机制负责钉扎内的多波段的一维玩具模型,然后我们确认的结果使用3D薛定谔-泊松方法,结合了实际设备的几何和静电的细节。我们的分析表明,带间耦合产生的能级排斥可以导致一个相当壮观的钉扎的最低能量模式接近零能量的系统(或区域)的特点是非常短的长度尺度($\sim100~$ nm).我们表明,最低的能级之间的能级排斥可以模仿间隙开放的功能(同时出现的近零能量模式)预测发生在Majorana混合系统.我们还表明,近零偏置差分电导功能表现出粒子-空穴不对称性是由于存在(拓扑平凡)ABS钉扎在零能量附近的水平排斥,而不是马约拉纳零模式,准马约拉纳,或任何其他低能量模式,涉及(部分)分离马约拉纳束缚态。我们的研究结果表明,详细了解多带物理和静电效应的背景下,正在进行的搜索Majorana模式的超导体异质结的重要性。

英文摘要:

Recent tunneling conductance measurements on semiconductor-superconductor nanowires find zero-bias peaks to be ubiquitous across wide ranges of chemical potential and Zeeman energy. Motivated by this, we demonstrate that topologically-trivial Andreev abound states (ABSs) pinned near zero energy are produced rather generically in inhomogeneous systems with multi-band occupancy in the presence of inter-band coupling. We first investigate the inter-band coupling mechanism responsible for the pinning within a multi-band 1D toy model, then we confirm the findings using a 3D Schrödinger-Poisson approach that incorporates the geometric and electrostatic details of the actual device. Our analysis shows that level-repulsion generated by inter-band coupling can lead to a rather spectacular pinning of the lowest-energy mode near zero energy in systems (or regions) characterized by very-short length scales ($\sim100~$nm).We show that level repulsion between the lowest energy levels can mimic the gap opening feature (simultaneous with the emergence of a near-zero energy mode) predicted to occur in Majorana hybrid systems. We also demonstrate that nearly-zero bias differential conductance features exhibiting particle-hole asymmetry are due to the presence of (topologically-trivial) ABSs pinned near zero-energy by level repulsion, not to Majorana zero modes, quasi-Majoranas, or any other low-energy mode that involves (partially) separated Majorana bound states. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding in detail multi-band physics and electrostatic effects in the context of the ongoing search for Majorana modes in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures.

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