The comprehensive understanding of superconductivity is a multi-scale task that involves several levels, starting from the electronic scale determining the microscopic mechanism, going to the phenomenological scale describing vortices and the continuum-elastic scale describing vortex matter, to the macroscopic scale relevant in technological applications. The prime example for such a macro-phenomenological description is the Bean model that is hugely successful in describing the magnetic and transport properties of bulk superconducting devices. Motivated by the development of novel devices based on superconductivity in atomically thin films, such as twisted-layer graphene, here, we present a simple macro-phenomenological description of the critical state in such two-dimensional (2D) thin films. While transverse screening and demagnetization can be neglected in these systems, thereby simplifying the task in comparison with usual film- and platelet shaped samples, surface and bulk pinning are important elements to be included. We use our 2D critical state model to describe the transport and magnetic properties of 2D thin-film devices, including the phenomenon of non-reciprocal transport in devices with asymmetric boundaries and the superconducting diode effect.
Atomically-flat, chemically-stable, superconducting epitaxial thin film of iron-based superconductor, cobalt-doped BaFe$_2$As$_2$
最近报道了诸如Co掺杂的SrFe $_2$ As $_2$(SrFe $_2$ As $_2$:Co)的Fe基超导体的外延生长,但是由于它们具有粗糙的表面并且通过与环境大气中的水蒸气的反应而分解,因此对于器件应用而言仍然具有不足的性能。本文报道了在700 ℃下生长的Co掺杂BaFe $_2$ As $_2$外延膜的超导转变起始温度为20 K。该转变比在SrFe $_2$ As $_2$:Co膜上观察到的转变更尖锐,这将源于它们改进的结晶度。这些薄膜还具有原子级平坦的表面,具有台阶和露台结构,并表现出抗水蒸气暴露的化学稳定性。
Atomically resolved intrinsic superconducting gap in (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 films
Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学)
Realizing Quantum Materials with Helium: Helium films at ultralow temperatures, from strongly correlated atomically layered films to topological superfluidity
Influence of nano-hole defects and their geometric arrangements on the superfluid density in atomically thin single crystals of indium superconductor
以Si(111)衬底上的铟(Indium on Si)为原子级薄超导体平台,通过系统地控制纳米孔洞缺陷(纳米尺寸空洞)的密度,揭示了缺陷密度和缺陷几何排列对宏观和微观尺度上超导性的影响.当纳米孔缺陷均匀地分散在原子层中时,超流密度作为缺陷密度的函数(从表面积的0.7%至5%)单调地减小,在转变温度Tc中具有微小的变化,微观和宏观上测量。随着缺陷密度从5%到6%的略微增加,这些点缺陷被组织成包含单个二维补丁的缺陷链。这种新的缺陷几何排列对超导性产生了巨大的影响,导致宏观超流密度的完全消失和微观超导能隙的崩塌。这项研究为理解局部缺陷及其几何排列如何影响二维极限中的超导性提供了新的思路。
Superconductivity in Sn$_{1-x}$In$_{x}$Te thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
超导体Sn $_{1-x}$ In $_{x}$ Te衍生自拓扑晶体绝缘体SnTe,并且是候选拓扑超导体。到目前为止,还没有这种材料的高质量薄膜,即使这样的样品将有助于解决其超导性的性质。本文报道了用Bi $_2$ Te $_3$作缓冲层,成功地用分子束外延生长了Sn $_{1-x}$ In $_{x}$ Te超导薄膜。在这种薄膜上制作的隧道结所获得的数据显示出两个超导能隙的出现,这表明体超导性和表面超导性共存。考虑到表面态的自旋-动量锁定,表面超导性被认为是具有有效$p$波特征的拓扑结构。由于SnTe的拓扑表面态由四个狄拉克锥组成,该平台为研究具有额外自由度的拓扑表面超导性提供了一个有趣的游乐场。
Enhanced superconductivity in atomically thin noble metals: From quantum confinement to interface-induced Lifshitz transition
School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院);Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Photovoltaic Technology and Energy Materials at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古自治区高校半导体光伏技术与能源材料重点实验室);Research Center for Quantum Physics and Technologies, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学量子物理与技术研究中心);Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Atomic Manufacturing, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古微尺度物理与原子制造重点实验室)
Evidence of Inhomogeneous Superconductivity in FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ Thin Film Using Scotch-Tape Method
我们用透明胶带法制备了FeTe $_{1-x}$ Se $_x$薄膜。虽然这些薄膜是由相同的块体样品制备的,但它们的超导性彼此不同。结果清楚地表明了FeTe $_{1-x}$ Se $_x$的非均匀超导电性。差异来自于由于过量Fe浓度引起的不均匀性。低过量Fe的薄膜的电阻率显示出良好的超导性,具有陡峭的超导转变宽度和更多的各向同性超导电性。
Tuning the electronic states and superconductivity in alkali fulleride films
用分子束外延技术成功地制备了超导碱金属富勒烯(A $_x$ C $_{60}$,A = K,Rb,Cs)薄膜,克服了A $_x$ C $_{60}$体相分离和空气敏感的缺点,首次在分子尺度上直接研究了碱金属富勒烯的超导电性。在本文中,我们简要地回顾了最近的低温扫描隧道显微镜的结构,电子和超导性能的fcc A $_x$ C $_{60}$膜生长在石墨化SiC衬底上的结果。强大的$s$波超导性揭示对赝隙,电子关联,非磁性杂质,和半面体无序。通过控制碱金属种类、膜厚和电子掺杂,我们系统地调节了A-$_x$-C-$_{60}$膜中C $_{60}^{x-}$的取向有序和超导电性,从而完成了超导能隙尺寸与电子关联和掺杂的统一相图。这些研究是结论性的,并阐明了$s$波超导保留在碱金属富勒烯,尽管电子相关和赝隙的存在。
FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$ monolayer films: towards the realization of high-temperature connate topological superconductivity
我们对生长在SrTiO $_{3}$上的一系列FeTe $_{1-x}$ Se $_{x}$单层膜进行了角分辨光电子能谱研究。薄膜的超导电性是鲁棒的,而不敏感的带位置和有效质量的变化所造成的Te取代Se。然而,在布里渊区中心的电子和空穴带之间的带隙减小带反转和宇称交换,这驱动系统到一个非平凡的拓扑状态预测的理论计算。我们的结果提供了一个明确的实验指示,FeTe $_{1-x}$ Se $_{x}$单层材料是高温原生拓扑超导体中的能带拓扑和超导性的内在集成。
Thickness dependence of superconductivity and superconductor-insulator transition in ultrathin FeSe films on SrTiO3(001) substrate
SrTiO 3(001)(STO)衬底上单胞FeSe薄膜的界面增强高温超导性是近年来凝聚态物理和材料科学研究的热点。本文利用非原位输运测量方法研究了STO衬底上不同厚度的FeSe超薄膜的超导电性。我们发现,开始超导转变温度(Tc)随FeSe薄膜厚度的增加而降低,这是在传统的超导薄膜中通常观察到的行为相反。通过对5 μ C FeSe薄膜的系统后退火,我们观察到了绝缘体到超导体的转变,根据相应的霍尔测量,在低温下伴随着占主导地位的载流子从空穴到电子的符号变化。
Origin of superconductivity in nominally "undoped" T'-La$_{2-x}$Y$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ films
本文系统地研究了T '相$_{2-x}$ Y $_{x}$ CuO $_{4}$(LYCO)薄膜($0.05\leq x \leq 0.30$)的输运性质。在这个名义上“未掺杂”的系统中,在一定的Y掺杂范围($0.10\leq x \leq 0.20$)内获得了超导性。T ′-LYCO薄膜的电阻率、正常态下的霍尔系数和超导态下的电阻临界场($H^ρ_{c2}$)的测量显示出与已知的Ce掺杂n型铜酸盐超导体相似的行为,表明了本征电子掺杂性质。氧的缺乏会导致载流子的产生。非超导Y掺杂的Pr或Nd基T '相铜酸盐薄膜也进行了研究比较,表明在名义上的“未掺杂的”铜酸盐的超导电性的起源中的A-位阳离子的半径的关键作用。基于微观还原过程中的合理假设,我们对这些实验观测结果提出了自洽的解释。