arXiv 2303.048162023-03hep-thhep-ph

粒子与“连续自旋”场的相互作用

Interactions of Particles with "Continuous Spin" Fields

Philip Schuster, Natalia Toro, Kevin Zhou

备注：: 96 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor typos fixed, matches journal version
发表信息：: JHEP 04 (2023) 010
DOI：: 10.1007/JHEP04(2023)010

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AI总结：

提出描述物质粒子与任意自旋标度玻色子“连续自旋”场相互作用的拉格朗日形式体系，发现高频下与已知理论近似，低频下存在可测偏差，为光子自旋标度实验测试奠定基础。

摘要：

强有力的普遍论证仅允许少数几类长程相互作用，以电磁学和引力的规范场论为代表。然而，所有这些论证都预设无质量场具有零自旋标度（Casimir不变量），从而具有精确的洛伦兹 boost 不变性螺旋度。这遗漏了与洛伦兹对称性相容的最一般行为。我们提出了一种拉格朗日形式体系，描述物质粒子与具有任意自旋标度 $ρ$ 的玻色子“连续自旋”场的相互作用。值得注意的是，在频率大于 $ρ$ 时，物理可观测量可以由熟悉的理论很好地近似，并在低频和长距离下存在可计算的偏差。例如，我们预测了对 Lorentz 力定律和 Larmor 公式的特定 $ρ$ 相关修正，这为光子自旋标度的实验测试奠定了基础。我们还重现了非零 $ρ$ 下已知的软辐射发射振幅。当 $ρ\neq 0$ 时，粒子的有效物质流并未完全局域于其世界线上，这促使我们研究理论明显局域的完备化。我们的结果也推动了连续自旋的引力及非阿贝尔规范理论类似物的发展。鉴于在小 $ρ$ 极限下与已知规范理论的对应关系，我们推测连续自旋粒子实际上可能介导已知的长程力，并具有可检验的推论。

英文摘要：

Powerful general arguments allow only a few families of long-range interactions, exemplified by gauge field theories of electromagnetism and gravity. However, all of these arguments presuppose that massless fields have zero spin scale (Casimir invariant) and hence exactly boost invariant helicity. This misses the most general behavior compatible with Lorentz symmetry. We present a Lagrangian formalism describing interactions of matter particles with bosonic "continuous spin" fields with arbitrary spin scale $ρ$. Remarkably, physical observables are well approximated by familiar theories at frequencies larger than $ρ$, with calculable deviations at low frequencies and long distances. For example, we predict specific $ρ$-dependent modifications to the Lorentz force law and the Larmor formula, which lay the foundation for experimental tests of the photon's spin scale. We also reproduce known soft radiation emission amplitudes for nonzero $ρ$. The particles' effective matter currents are not fully localized to their worldlines when $ρ\neq 0$, which motivates investigation of manifestly local completions of our theory. Our results also motivate the development of continuous spin analogues of gravity and non-Abelian gauge theories. Given the correspondence with familiar gauge theory in the small $ρ$ limit, we conjecture that continuous spin particles may in fact mediate known long-range forces, with testable consequences.

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