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arXiv 2212.09421physics.ins-detnucl-ex
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大型塑料scintillator中子探测器NeuLAND的硅光电倍增管读出研究

Study of a possible silicon photomultiplier based readout of the large plastic scintillator neutron detector NeuLAND

Thomas Hensel, David Weinberger, Daniel Bemmerer, Konstanze Boretzky, Igor Gašparić, Daniel Stach, Andreas Wagner, Kai Zuber

摘要:

目前,德国达姆施塔特反质子和离子研究设施正在建造以塑料闪烁体为基础的0.1 - 1.6 GeV中子飞行时间探测器NeuLAND(新大面积中子探测器)。在其最终配置中,NeuLAND将由3000个2.7 m $\times$ 5 cm $\times$ 5 cm大塑料闪烁体条组成,通过快速定时光电倍增管在每一端读出。在这里,从一个全面的研究数据的替代光读出计划使用硅光电倍增器(SiPM)的报告。为此,在NeuLAND棒的每一端安装与1 "光电倍增管相同几何形状的SiPM原型,包括4个6 $\times$ 6 mm $^2$ SiPM、放大器、高压电源和微控制器。使用来自超导电子直线加速器的35 MeV电子束进行了测试,用于具有高亮度和低发射度(ELBE)的束,其皮秒级时间抖动在两种不同的操作模式下,即每束团一个电子的寄生模式和每束团1 - 60个电子的单用户模式。使用Acquiris快速数字化仪进行数据采集。此外,还利用宇宙射线和NeuLAND数据获取计划进行了离束测试。$σ_t\leq$ 120 ps的典型时间分辨率被发现为最小电离粒子的$\geq$ 95%的效率,改进了ELBE以前的工作,并超过了$σ_t$ <150 ps的NeuLAND定时目标。在10 - 300 MeV的范围内的沉积能量的NeuLAND酒吧,增益被发现偏离$\leq$ 10%($\leq$ 20%)的线性度为35毫米(75毫米)的SiPM间距,分别满足量热使用的完整的NeuLAND探测器。原型研究的暗率被发现低于预期的宇宙射线诱导的背景在NeuLAND。

英文摘要:

The NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) plastic-scintillator-based time-of-flight detector for 0.1-1.6 GeV neutrons is currently under construction at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), Darmstadt, Germany. In its final configuration, NeuLAND will consist of 3000 2.7 m $\times$ 5 cm $\times$ 5 cm big plastic scintillator bars that are read out on each end by fast timing photomultipliers. Here, data from a comprehensive study of an alternative light readout scheme using silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are reported. For this purpose, a NeuLAND bar was instrumented on each end with a SiPM-based prototype of the same geometry as a 1'' photomultiplier tube, including four 6 $\times$ 6 mm$^2$ SiPMs, amplifiers, high voltage supply, and microcontroller. Tests were carried out using the 35 MeV electron beam from the superconducting Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance (ELBE) with its picosecond-level time jitter in two different modes of operation, namely parasitic mode with one electron per bunch and single-user mode with 1-60 electrons per bunch. Acqiris fast digitisers were used for data acquisition. In addition, off-beam tests using cosmic rays and the NeuLAND data acquisition scheme have been carried out. Typical time resolutions of $σ_t\leq$ 120 ps were found for $\geq$95% efficiency for minimum ionising particles, improving on previous work at ELBE and exceeding the NeuLAND timing goal of $σ_t$ < 150 ps. Over a range of 10-300 MeV deposited energy in the NeuLAND bar, the gain was found to deviate by $\leq$10% ($\leq$20%) from linearity for 35 mm (75 mm) SiPM pitch, respectively, satisfactory for calorimetric use of the full NeuLAND detector. The dark rate of the prototype studied was found to be lower than the expected cosmic-ray induced background in NeuLAND.

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