arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2202.11267math.CO
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稀疏图和可平面图的奇染色

Odd coloring of sparse graphs and planar graphs

Eun-Kyung Cho, Ilkyoo Choi, Hyemin Kwon, Boram Park

摘要:

一个图的{ \it奇$c$ -染色}是一个真$c$ -染色,使得每个非孤立点都有一个颜色在其邻域上出现奇数次.这一概念最近由Petru \v sevski和\v Skrekovski提出,并引起了相当大的关注。Cranston研究了最大平均度有界的图的奇染色,证明了每一个具有$mad(G)\leq \frac{4c-4}{c+1}$的图$G$对$c\geq 4$都有$c$-奇染色,并证明了对$c\in\{5, 6\}$的猜想.特别地,围长至少为$7$和$6$的可平面图分别具有奇$5$ -染色和奇$6$ -染色.我们完全解决了克兰斯顿猜想。对于$c\geq 7$,我们表明,该猜想是真实的,在一个更强的形式,隐含地建议由克兰斯顿,但对于$c=4$,我们构造反例,其中都包含$5$ -循环。另一方面,我们证明了一个图$G$与$mad(G)<\frac{22}{9}$和没有诱导$5$ -圈有一个奇$4$ -染色。这意味着围长至少为11的平面图具有奇$4$ -染色。我们还证明了围长至少为5的平面图有奇$6$ -染色。

英文摘要:

An {\it odd $c$-coloring} of a graph is a proper $c$-coloring such that each non-isolated vertex has a color appearing an odd number of times on its neighborhood. This concept was introduced very recently by Petru\v sevski and \v Skrekovski and has attracted considerable attention. Cranston investigated odd colorings of graphs with bounded maximum average degree, and conjectured that every graph $G$ with $mad(G)\leq \frac{4c-4}{c+1}$ has an odd $c$-coloring for $c\geq 4$, and proved the conjecture for $c\in\{5, 6\}$. In particular, planar graphs with girth at least $7$ and $6$ have an odd $5$-coloring and an odd $6$-coloring, respectively. We completely resolve Cranston's conjecture. For $c\geq 7$, we show that the conjecture is true, in a stronger form that was implicitly suggested by Cranston, but for $c=4$, we construct counterexamples, which all contain $5$-cycles. On the other hand, we show that a graph $G$ with $mad(G)<\frac{22}{9}$ and no induced $5$-cycles has an odd $4$-coloring. This implies that a planar graph with girth at least 11 has an odd $4$-coloring. We also prove that a planar graph with girth at least 5 has an odd $6$-coloring.

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