Scalar fields coupled to dark matter by conformal or disformal transformations give rise to a general class of scalar-tensor theories which leads to a rich phenomenology in a cosmological setting. While this possibility has been studied comprehensively in the literature for scalar fields, the vector case has been hardly treated. We build hence models based on vector fields conformally and disformally coupled to dark matter and derive explicitly the general covariant form of the interaction term in an independent way of the gravity theory, whereby this result can be applied to general vector-tensor theories. For concreteness, the standard Proca theory with a vector exponential potential is taken to describe the vector-tensor sector, and some specific coupling functions are assumed to study the cosmological background dynamics by dynamical system techniques. Despite of choosing such a minimalist form for the underlying theory, the parameter space is considerably enriched compared to the uncoupled case due to the novel interactions, leading to new branches of solutions for the vector equation of motion. Thus, different trajectories can exist in phase space depending on the coupling parameters associated to the conformal and disformal functions. From here, new emerging vector-dark matter scaling solutions, and renewed stable attractor points are found to drive the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe. As a first examination about instabilities issues, we derive general conditions to avoid classical instabilities in a more general setup of the theory. Numerical calculations are performed as well to investigate more quantitatively the impact of the conformal and disformal couplings on the cosmological background evolution. These effects depend essentially on the strength on the coupling parameters and, in some specific cases, on their associated signs.
Apparent Lorentz violation from disformally coupled ultralight dark matter
Leibniz University Hannover(汉诺威莱布尼茨大学);Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert Einstein Institute(马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所,阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦研究所);Weizmann Institute of Science(魏茨曼科学研究所);Center for Physical Sciences and Technology(物理科学与工程技术中心)
Disformal vectors and anisotropies on a warped brane
麦克斯韦作用量是共形不变的,并且经典地忽略了共形平坦度规。然而,如果向量存在于一个非形式度规中--就像它存在于一个运动的膜上一样--这就不再正确了。非正式耦合,然后介导的Dirac Born Infeld标量场。在这里,一个系统的动力学系统分析的各向异性Bianchi I宇宙与大量的非形式耦合的向量场。发现了几个新的不动点,包括各向异性标度解。这里提出的形式主义可以方便地应用到一般情况下,或没有额外的维度动机。这里通过执行一个完整的分析来说明这一点,简单的假设是膜的势和扭曲因子都是(接近)指数的。在这种情况下,各向异性不动点要么不是吸引子,不描述加速膨胀,要么它们具有太大的各向异性,与观测不相容。尽管如此,仍然存在可行的模型类别,其中由于矢量场的快速振荡而保留了各向同性,从而提供了非正式相互作用的大质量暗物质的可能实现。
Quantum effects and superquintessence in the new age of precision cosmology
最近对Ia型超新星的高红移观测表明,宇宙中的暗能量成分在压力和能量密度之间有一个(很可能是常数的)比值$w=p/ρ=-1.02(^{+0.13}_{-0.19})$。传统的暗能量模型被限制在$-1\le w < 0$的范围内,宇宙学常数对应于$w=-1$。共形耦合的精粹模型是最简单的兼容的临界允许超加速制度($w<-1$)。然而,它们被各向异性奇异性所困扰。在这里,我们认为,扩展的经典方法的半经典的,包括必要的量子counterterterms,以确保重整化,可以消除各向异性奇点保持各向同性行为的共形耦合superquintessence模型。因此,除了具有其他有趣的性质外,它们是描述宇宙超加速相的一致候选者,与目前的实验数据兼容。
Conformally Coupled Scalar- Field Dark Energy: Cosmological Dynamics with Early- and Late- Measurements
North-West University(西北大学);National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS)(国家理论与计算科学研究所);Entoto Observatory and Research Center, Space Science and Geospatial Institute(恩托多观测与研究中心,空间科学与地理空间研究所);Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-Universitat de València(粒子物理研究所(IFIC),西班牙科学院-瓦伦西亚大学);Departamento de Física Teórica and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(理论物理系和IPARCOS,马德里康普顿斯大学)
New holographic reconstruction of scalar field dark energy models in the framework of chameleon Brans-Dicke cosmology
受Yang等人工作的启发,\emph{Mod. Phys. Lett. A},\textbf{26},191(2011),我们在变色龙Brans-Dicke宇宙学框架下,对能量密度由$ρ_D=\frac{3ϕ^2}{4ω}(μH^2+ν\dot{H})$给出的新全息暗能量(NHDE)模型进行了研究.本文在Brans-Dicke变色龙宇宙学的框架下,研究了quintessence模型、DBI-essence模型和快子标量场模型与NHDE模型之间的对应关系。推导出哈勃参数$H$和相应的$ρ_D$在变色龙Brans-Dicke变色龙宇宙学背景下的表达式,我们重建了这些标量场模型的势和动力学。此外,我们还研究了在无质量共形不变场的量子修正下,幻影分界线穿越的稳定性,我们看到,当幻影穿越发生时,量子修正可能很小,并且在量子修正下,幻影穿越的解可能是稳定的。人们还注意到,随着宇宙的演化,物质-变色龙耦合变得更强,势也会增加。
Solar system relativity tests, formulas for light deflection by a central mass, and modification of the lens equation, for a Weyl scaling invariant dark energy
最近的研究表明,在不影响$Λ$冷暗物质模型在宇宙尺度上的成功的情况下,修正的牛顿动力学(MOND)可以被推导为星系尺度上类轴子暗物质凝聚成超流体时的涌现现象。本文提出了一种与物质分量共形耦合的Dirac Born Infeld(DBI)标量场。为了维持暗物质超流MOND现象在星系尺度上的成功,必须在星系尺度上屏蔽DBI标量引入的第五种力。事实证明,屏蔽效应自然地导致了一个长期存在的谜团的简单解释,即MOND临界加速度与现在的哈勃尺度一致。只要屏蔽的DBI标量在宇宙尺度上也起着暗能量的作用,这个星系符合问题就解决了。