We study {\em disemisimple} Lie algebras, i.e., Lie algebras which can be written as a vector space sum of two semisimple subalgebras. We show that a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ is disemisimple if and only if its solvable radical coincides with its nilradical and is a prehomogeneous $\mathfrak{s}$-module for a Levi subalgebra $\mathfrak{s}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$. We use the classification of prehomogeneous $\mathfrak{s}$-modules for simple Lie algebras $\mathfrak{s}$ given by Vinberg to show that the solvable radical of a disemisimple Lie algebra with simple Levi subalgebra is abelian. We extend this result to disemisimple Lie algebras having no simple quotients of type $A$.
Let (G,V) be a regular prehomogeneous vector space (abbreviated to PV), where G is a connected reductive algebraic group over C. If $V= \oplus_{i=0}^{n}V_{i}$ is a decomposition of V into irreducible representations, then, in general, the PV's $(G,V_{i})$ are no longer regular. In this paper we introduce the notion of quasi-irreducible PV (abbreviated to Q-irreducible), and show first that for completely Q-reducible PV's, the Q-isotopic components are intrinsically defined, as in ordinary representation theory. We also show that, in an appropriate sense, any regular PV is a direct sum of quasi…
A general Mackey type decomposition for representations of semisimple Hopf algebras is investigated. We show that such a decomposition occurs in the case that the module is induced from an arbitrary Hopf subalgebra and it is restricted back to a group subalgebra. Some other examples when such a decomposition occurs are also constructed. They arise from gradings on the category of corepresentations of a semisimple Hopf algebra and provide new examples of Green functors in the literature.
In this paper we study the isotypic decomposition of the regular module of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For a semisimple Hopf algebra, the idempotents realizing the isotypic decomposition can be explicitly expressed in terms of characters and the Haar integral. In this paper we investigate Hopf algebras with the Chevalley property, which are not necessarily semisimple. We find explicit expressions for idempotents in terms of Hopf-algebraic data, where the Haar integral is replaced by the regular character of the dual Hopf algebra.…
We prove a remarkable generalization of a convexity theorem for semisimple symmetric spaces G/H established earlier in 1986 by the second named author. The latter result generalized Kostant's non-linear convexity theorem for the Iwasawa decomposition of a real semisimple Lie group. The present generalization involves Iwasawa decompositions related to minimal parabolic subgroups of G of arbitrary type instead of the particular type relative to H considered in 1986.
We prove that if $\mathfrak{s}$ is a solvable Lie algebra of matrices over a field of characteristic 0, and $A\in\mathfrak{s}$, then the semisimple and nilpotent summands of the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of $A$ belong to $\mathfrak{s}$ if and only if there exist $S,N\in\mathfrak{s}$, $S$ is semisimple, $N$ is nilpotent (not necessarily $[S,N]=0$) such that $A=S+N$.
We determine the structure of the semisimple group algebra of certain groups over the rationals and over those finite fields where the Wedderburn decompositions have the least number of simple components. We apply our work to obtain similar information about the loop algebras of indecomposable RA loops and to produce negative answers to the isomorphism problem over various fields.
Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group and let $\g =\n_- +\hh +\n$ be a triangular decomposition of $\g= \hbox{Lie}\,G$. Let $\b =\hh +\n$ and let $H,N,B$ be Lie subgroups of $G$ corresponding respectively to $\hh,\n$ and $\b$. We may identify $\n_-$ with the dual space to $\n$. The coadjoint action of $N$ on $\n_-$ extends to an action of $B$ on $\n_-$. There exists a unique nonempty Zariski open orbit $X$ of $B$ on $\n_-$. Any $N$-orbit in $X$ is a maximal coadjoint orbit of $N$ in $\n_-$. The cascade of orthogonal roots defines a cross-section $\r_-^{\times}$ of the set of such orbits leading to…
We consider bases for the cohomology space of regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties, consisting of the classes that naturally arise from the Bialynicki-Birula decomposition of the Hessenberg varieties. We give an explicit combinatorial description of the support of each class, which enables us to compute the symmetric group actions on the classes in our bases. We then successfully apply the results to the permutohedral varieties to explicitly write down each class and to construct permutation submodules that constitute summands of a decomposition of cohomology space of each degree. This reso…
We verify the conjecture of [10] and use it to prove that the semisimple parts of the rational Jordan-Kac-Vinberg decompositions of a rational vector all lie in a single rational orbit.
We describe the primitive central idempotents of the group algebra over a number field of finite monomial groups. We give also a description of the Wedderburn decomposition of the group algebra over a number field for finite strongly monomial groups. Further, for this class of group algebras, we describe when the number of simple components agrees with the number of simple components of the rational group algebra. Finally, we give a formula for the rank of the central units of the group ring over the ring of integers of a number field for a strongly monomial group.
Let $\g$ be a finite dimensional Lie algebra over a field $k$ of characteristic zero. An element $x$ of $\g$ is said to have an \emph{abstract Jordan-Chevalley decomposition} if there exist unique $s,n\in\g$ such that $x=s+n$, $[s,n]=0$ and given any finite dimensional representation $π:\g\to\gl(V)$ the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of $π(x)$ in $\gl(V)$ is $π(x)=π(s)+π(n)$. In this paper we prove that $x\in\g$ has an abstract Jordan-Chevalley decomposition if and only if $x\in [\g,\g]$, in which case its semisimple and nilpotent parts are also in $[\g,\g]$ and are explicitly determined. We d…
Let g be a semisimple complex Lie algebra. Let O be a nilpotent orbit in g. Fix a triangular decomposition g=n+h+n^-. An irreducible component of the intersection of O and n is called an orbital variety associated to O. It is a Lagrangian subvariety of O. In this note we discuss the closure of an orbital variety as a union of varieties. We show that if g contains factors not of type A_n then there are orbital varieties whose closure contains components which are not Lagrangian. We show that the argument does not work if all the factors are of type A_n and provide the facts supporting the conje…
An algorithm for the explicit computation of a complete set of primitive central idempotents, Wedderburn decomposition and the automorphism group of the semisimple group algebra of a finite metabelian group is developed. The algorithm is illustrated with its application to the semisimple group algebra of an arbitrary metacyclic group, and certain indecomposable groups whose central quotient is the Klein four-group.
In the first part of this paper we present explicit formulas for primitive idempotents in arbitrary Frobenius algebras using the entries of representing matrices coming from projective indecomposable modules with respect to a certain choice of basis. The proofs use a generalisation of the well known Frobenius-Schur relations for semisimple algebras. The second part of this paper considers $\Oh$-free $\Oh$-algebras of finite $\Oh$-rank over a discrete valuation ring $\Oh$ and their decomposition maps under modular reduction modulo the maximal ideal of $\Oh$, thereby studying the modular represe…
Zhengzhou University（郑州大学）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics（郑州航空工业管理学院）；Zhongyuan University of Technology（中原工学院）
Low-rank approximation of images via singular value decomposition is well-received in the era of big data. However, singular value decomposition (SVD) is only for order-two data, i.e., matrices. It is necessary to flatten a higher order input into a matrix or break it into a series of order-two slices to tackle higher order data such as multispectral images and videos with the SVD. Higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) extends the SVD and can approximate higher order data using sums of a few rank-one components. We consider the problem of generalizing HOSVD over a finite dimensiona…
Character measure is a probability measure on irreducible representations of a semisimple Lie algebra. It appears from the decomposition into irreducibles of tensor power of a fundamental representation. In this paper we calculate the asymptotics of character measure on representations of so(2n+1) in the regime near the boundary of weight diagram. We find out that it converges to a Poisson-type distribution.
The Iwasawa decomposition $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}_0 \oplus \hat{\mathfrak{a}}_0 \oplus \mathfrak{n}_0$ of the real semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_0$ comes from its Cartan decomposition $\mathfrak{g}_0=\mathfrak{k}_0 \oplus \mathfrak{p}_0$. Then we get $\mathfrak{g}_0=\mathfrak{k}_0 \oplus \mathfrak{b}_0$ where $\mathfrak{b}_0=\hat{\mathfrak{a}}_0 \oplus \mathfrak{n}_0$. The question of knowing if the index were additive in the decomposition $\mathfrak{g}_0=\mathfrak{k}_0 \oplus \mathfrak{b}_0$ goes back M. Raïs \cite{Rais}. In \cite{Moreau3}, I wrote that the index always is additive …
We generalize the decomposition of $U_q(\mathfrak g)$ introduced by A. Joseph and relate it, for $\mathfrak g$ semisimple, to the celebrated computation of central elements due to V. Drinfeld. In that case we construct a natural basis in the center of $U_q(\mathfrak g)$ whose elements behave as Schur polynomials and thus explicitly identify the center with the ring of symmetric functions.
The Hopf actions on vertex operator algebras are investigated. If the action is semisimple, a Schur-Weyl type decomposition is obtained. When the Hopf algebra is finite dimensional and the action is faithful, the action is a group action. Moreover if the Hopf algebra is finite dimensional and the action is semisimple and inner faithful, the action is also a group action. In this case, inner faithfulness is equivalent to faithfulness.
We establish a genericity property in the representation theory of a flat family of finite-dimensional algebras in the sense of Cline-Parshal-Scott. More precisely, we show that the decomposition matrices as introduced by Geck and Rouquier of an algebra which is free of finite dimension over a noetherian integral domain and which splits over the fraction field of this ring are generically trivial, i.e., they are trivial in an open neighborhood of the generic point of the spectrum of the base ring. This generalizes a classical result by Brauer in modular representation theory of finite groups. …
The purpose of this article is to set foundations for decomposition numbers of perverse sheaves, to give some methods to calculate them in simple cases, and to compute them concretely in two situations: for a simple (Kleinian) surface singularity, and for the closure of the minimal non-trivial orbit in a simple Lie algebra. This work has applications to modular representation theory, for Weyl groups using the nilpotent cone of the corresponding semisimple Lie algebra, and for reductive algebraic group schemes using the affine Grassmannian of the Langlands dual group.
In this paper we consider the category of F^σof finite-dimensional representations of a twisted loop algebra corresponding to a finite-dimensional Lie algebra with non-trivial diagram automorphism. Although F^σis not semisimple, it can be written as a sum of indecomposable subcategories (the blocks of the category). To describe these summands, we introduce the twisted spectral characters for the twisted loop algebra. These are certain equivalence classes of the spectral characters defined by Chari and Moura for an untwisted loop algebra, which were used to provide a description of the blocks o…
In this paper we study the partial Brauer $\mathbb{C}$-algebras $\mathfrak{R}_n(δ,δ')$, where $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and $δ,δ'\in\mathbb{C}$. We show that these algebras are generically semisimple, construct the Specht modules and determine the Specht module restriction rules for the restriction $\mathfrak{R}_{n-1} \hookrightarrow \mathfrak{R}_n$. We also determine the corresponding decomposition matrix, and the Cartan decomposition matrix.
A new class of locally unital and locally finite dimensional algebras $A$ over an arbitrary algebraically closed field is discovered. Each of them admits an upper finite weakly triangular decomposition, a generalization of an upper finite triangular decomposition. Any locally unital algebra which admits an upper finite Cartan decomposition is Morita equivalent to some special locally unital algebra $A$ which admits an upper finite weakly triangular decomposition. It is established that the category $A$-lfdmod of locally finite dimensional left $A$-modules is an upper finite fully stratified ca…
There is a Rota-Baxter algebra structure on the field $A=\mathbf{k}((t))$ with $ P$ being the projection map $A=\mathbf{k}[[t]]\oplus t^{-1}\mathbf{k}[t^{-1}]$ onto $ \mathbf{k}[[ t]]$. We study the representation theory and regular-singular decompositions of any finite dimensional $A$-vector space. The main result shows that the category of finite dimensional representations is semisimple and consists of exactly three isomorphism classes of irreducible representations which are all one-dimensional. As a consequence, the number of $GL_A(V)$-orbits in the set of all regular-singular decompositi…
For a connected semisimple algebraic group $G$, we consider some special infinite series of tensor products of simple $G$-modules whose $G$-fixed point spaces are at most one-dimensional. We prove that their existence is closely related to the existence of open $G$-orbits in multiple flag varieties and address the problem of classifying such series.
Let $T$ be a maximal torus of a semisimple complex algebraic group, $\mathrm{BS}(s)$ be the Bott-Samelson variety for a sequence of simple reflections $s$ and $\mathrm{BS}(s)^T$ be the set of $T$-fixed points of $\mathrm{BS}(s)$. We prove the tensor product decompositions for the image of the restriction $H^\bullet_T(\mathrm{BS}(s),k)\to H_T^\bullet(X,k)$, where $X\subset\mathrm{BS}(s)^T$ is defined by some special not overlapping equations $γ_iγ_{i+1}\cdotsγ_j=w_{i,j}$ with right-hand sides belonging to the Weyl group.
In this paper we prove that every irreducible representation of a Leibniz algebra can be obtained from irreducible representations of the semisimple Lie algebra from the Levi decomposition. We also prove that - in general - for (semi)simple Leibniz algebras it is not true that a representation can be decomposed to a direct sum of irreducible components.
Let $G$ be a locally semisimple ind-group, $P$ be a parabolic subgroup, and $E$ be a finite-dimensional $P$-module. We show that, under a certain condition on $E$, the nonzero cohomologies of the homogeneous vector bundle $\mathcal{O}_{G/P}(E^*)$ on $G/P$ induced by the dual $P$-module $E^*$ decompose as direct sums of cohomologies of bundles of the form $\mathcal{O}_{G/P}(R)$ for (some) simple constituents $R$ of $E^*$. In the finite-dimensional case, this result is a consequence of the Bott-Borel-Weil theorem and Weyl's semisimplicity theorem. In the infinite-dimensional setting we consider,…
The category of finite dimensional (type 1) representations of a quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak g})$ is not semisimple. However, as any abelian category with finite-length objects, it admits a unique decomposition into a direct sum of indecomposable subcategorie (blocks). We define the elliptic central character of a finite dimensional (type 1) representation of $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak g})$. Then we show that the block decomposition of this category is paramentrized by these elliptic central characters.
In this short note, we investigate the following question of Panyushev : ``Is the sum of the index of a parabolic subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and the index of its nilpotent radical always greater than or equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$?''. Using the formula for the index of parabolic subalgebras conjectured by Tauvel and the author, and proved by Millet-Fauquant and Joseph, we give a positive answer to this question. Moreover, we also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this sum to be equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$. This provides new examples of d…
When $G$ is a complex reductive algebraic group and $G/K$ is a reductive symmetric space, the decomposition of $\C[G/K]$ as a $K$-module was obtained (in a non-constructive way) by Richardson, generalizing the celebrated result of Kostant-Rallis for the linearized problem (the harmonic decomposition of the isotropy representation). To obtain a constructive version of Richardson's results, this paper studies the infinite dimensional Lie algebra $\X(G/K)^K$ of $K$-invariant regular algebraic vector fields using the geometry of $G/K$ and the $K$-spherical representations of $G$. Assume $G$ is sem…
Whittaker modules have been well studied in the setting of complex semisimple Lie algebras. Their definition can easily be generalized to certain other Lie algebras with triangular decomposition, including the Virasoro algebra. We define Whittaker modules for the Virasoro algebra and obtain analogues to several results from the classical setting, including a classification of simple Whittaker modules by central characters and composition series for general Whittaker modules.
Suppose that W is a finite, unitary, reflection group acting on the complex vector space V and X is a subspace of V. Define N to be the setwise stabilizer of X in W, Z to be the pointwise stabilizer, and C=N/Z. Then restriction defines a homomorphism from the algebra of W-invariant polynomial functions on V to the algebra of C-invariant functions on X. In this note we consider the special case when W is a Coxeter group, V is the complexified reflection representation of W, and X is in the lattice of the arrangement of W, and give a simple, combinatorial characterization of when the restriction…
In this paper, we study certain ad-nilpotent subalgebras contained in the non-zero graded portion of a simple Z_n-graded Lie algebra. These subalgebras respect the grading on the Lie algebra and are modules for a Borel subalgebra for the grade-zero Lie subalgebra. We show that semisimple elements in such subalgebras lie in the center of the subalgebra, and we provide a classification of these subalgebras whose weight space decompositions have only non-zero weights.
In this paper we consider the analytic continuation of the weighted Bergman spaces on the Lie ball $$\mathscr{D}=SO(2,n)/S(O(2) \times O(n))$$ and the corresponding holomorphic unitary (projective) representations of SO(2,n) on these spaces. These representations are known to be irreducible. Our aim is to decompose them under the subgroup SO(1,n) which acts as the isometry group of a totally real submanifold $\mathscr{X}$ of $\mathscr{D}$. We give a proof of a general decomposition theorem for certain unitary representations of semisimple Lie groups. In the particular case we are concerned wit…
Fix a manifold M, and let V be an infinite dimensional Lie algebra of vector fields on M. Assume that V contains a finite dimensional semisimple maximal subalgebra A, the projective or conformal subalgebra. A projective or conformal quantization of a V-module of differential operators on M is a decomposition into irreducible A-modules. We survey recent results on projective quantizations and their applications to cohomology, geometric equivalences and symmetries of differential operator modules, and indecomposable modules.
Let G be a connected linear semisimple Lie group with Lie algebra g and maximal compact subgroup K. Let K_C -> Aut(p_C) be the complexified isotropy representation at the identity coset of the corresponding symmetric space. Suppose that O is a nilpotent K_C-orbit in p_C, and bar(O} is its Zariski closure in p_C. We study the K-type decomposition of the ring of regular functions on bar(O} when O is spherical and ``small''. We also show that this decomposition gives the asymptotic directions of K-types in any irreducible (g_C, K)-module whose associated variety is bar(O).
We prove the finiteness of the cohomology of torsion-free lattices in a semisimple Lie group of real rank one with coefficients in the distribution vector globalization of Harish-Chandra modules. The cohomology is expressed in terms of automorphic and cusp forms. We also consider the Lie-algebra cohomology of these globalizations for the nilpotent part of the Iwasawa decomposition of the group.
In this paper, we begin the study of highest weight representations of the quantized enveloping superalgebra ${\mathfrak U}_q {\mathfrak p}_n$ of type $P$. We introduce a Drinfeld-Jimbo representation and establish a triangular-decomposition of ${\mathfrak U}_q {\mathfrak p}_n$. We explain how to relate modules over ${\mathfrak U}_q {\mathfrak p}_n$ to modules over ${\mathfrak p}_n$, the Lie superalgebra of type $P$, and we prove that the category of tensor modules over ${\mathfrak U}_q {\mathfrak p}_n$ is not semisimple.
Reductive (or semisimple) algebraic groups, Lie groups and Lie algebras have a rich geometry determined by their parabolic subgroups and subalgebras, which carry the structure of a building in the sense of J. Tits. We present herein an elementary approach to the geometry of parabolic subalgebras, over an arbitrary field of characteristic zero, which does not rely upon the structure theory of semisimple Lie algebras. Indeed we derive such structure theory, from root systems to the Bruhat decomposition, from the properties of parabolic subalgebras. As well as constructing the Tits building of a …
For a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of rank $n$, let $\overline{U}_ζ(\mathfrak{g})$ be the restricted quantum group of $\mathfrak{g}$ at a primitive fourth root of unity. This quantum group admits a natural Borel-induced representation $V({\boldsymbol{t}})$, with ${\boldsymbol{t}}\in(\mathbb{C}^\times)^n$ determined by a character on the Cartan subalgebra. Ohtsuki showed that for $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_2$, the braid group representation determined by tensor powers of $V({\boldsymbol{t}})$ is the exterior algebra of the Burau representation. In this paper, we generalize the tensor …
Let $G$ be a Lie group with real semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. Further let $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{k} \oplus \mathfrak{p}$ be a Cartan decomposition. The maximal compact subgroup $K \subseteq G$ acts on $\mathfrak{p}$ via the adjoint representation and the convex hulls of the resulting orbits are the polar orbitopes. We prove that every polar orbitope is a spectrahedron by giving an explicit representation. In addition we give a new proof for the fact that the faces of a polar orbitope are, up to conjugation, given by the faces of the momentum polytope.
To any element of a connected, simply connected, semisimple complex algebraic group G and a choice of an element of the corresponding Weyl group there is an associated Lusztig variety. When the element of G is regular semisimple, the corresponding variety carries an action of the Weyl group on its (equivariant) intersection cohomology. From this action, we recover the induced characters of an element of the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis of the corresponding Hecke algebra. In type A, we prove a more precise statement: that the Frobenius character of this action is precisely the symmetric function given…
Let G be the three dimensional connected real semisimple Lie group and let KAN be the Iwasawa decomposition of G.Let J be the Jacobi group, which is the semidirect product of the two groups Heisenberg group with G. The Jacobi group plays an important role in Quantum Mechanics. The purpose of this paper is to define the Fourier transform in order to obtain the Plancherel theorem for the group J. To this end a classification of all left ideals of the group algebra for the Jacobi group
