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arXiv 2107.07356cs.GTcs.AIcs.CY
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DiRe委员会:多赢家选举中的多样性和代表性限制

DiRe Committee : Diversity and Representation Constraints in Multiwinner Elections

New York University(纽约大学)

Kunal Relia

摘要:

多赢家选举中的公平性研究集中在候选人具有属性的环境中。然而,投票者也可以根据一个或多个属性(例如,"州"属性下的"加利福尼亚州"和"伊利诺斯州"人口),其可以与候选属性相同或不同。仅关注候选人属性的模型可能会系统地代表较小的选民群体。因此,我们开发了一个模型,迪雷委员会WinnerDetermination(DRCWD),划定候选人和选民的属性来选择一个委员会,通过指定多样性和代表性的限制和投票规则。我们分析了它的计算复杂性、不可逼近性和参数化复杂性。我们开发了一个基于启发式的算法,该算法在两分钟内找到了63%的合成数据集实例和100%的真实数据集实例的获胜DiRe委员会。我们提出了一个实证分析的运行时间,可行性和效用权衡。总体而言,DRCWD的动机是,多赢家选举的研究应该考虑其行为者,即候选人和选民,因为特定于候选人的模式可能会在不知不觉中伤害选民群体,反之亦然。此外,即使候选人和选民的属性相同,也必须将他们分开对待,因为多样性并不意味着代表性,反之亦然。这就是说,例如,委员会中有一名女性候选人不同于委员会中有一名女性选民喜欢的候选人,而后者本身可能是女性,也可能不是女性。

英文摘要:

The study of fairness in multiwinner elections focuses on settings where candidates have attributes. However, voters may also be divided into predefined populations under one or more attributes (e.g., "California" and "Illinois" populations under the "state" attribute), which may be same or different from candidate attributes. The models that focus on candidate attributes alone may systematically under-represent smaller voter populations. Hence, we develop a model, DiRe Committee WinnerDetermination (DRCWD), which delineates candidate and voter attributes to select a committee by specifying diversity and representation constraints and a voting rule. We analyze its computational complexity, inapproximability, and parameterized complexity. We develop a heuristic-based algorithm, which finds the winning DiRe committee in under two minutes on 63% of the instances of synthetic datasets and on 100% of instances of real-world datasets. We present an empirical analysis of the running time, feasibility, and utility traded-off. Overall, DRCWD motivates that a study of multiwinner elections should consider both its actors, namely candidates and voters, as candidate-specific models can unknowingly harm voter populations, and vice versa. Additionally, even when the attributes of candidates and voters coincide, it is important to treat them separately as diversity does not imply representation and vice versa. This is to say that having a female candidate on the committee, for example, is different from having a candidate on the committee who is preferred by the female voters, and who themselves may or may not be female.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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