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arXiv 2302.01989cs.GT
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多赢家投票的鲁棒可验证比例公理

Robust and Verifiable Proportionality Axioms for Multiwinner Voting

Markus Brill, Jannik Peters

摘要:

当根据选民的偏好选择一部分候选人(所谓的委员会)时,比例代表制往往是一个主要的必要条件。在超越政党名单或地区选举等简单化模式时,正式把握比例性是令人惊讶的挑战。因此,文献产生了许多竞争性的标准,当一个选定的委员会有资格作为比例。两个最突出的概念是达米特的比例坚实的联盟(PSC)和阿齐兹等人。的扩展合理表示法(EJR)。两者都保证了具有非常相似偏好的选民群体的比例代表制;这些群体被Dummett称为稳固联盟,Aziz等人称为凝聚力群体。在本文中,我们提出了比例公理,更强大的:他们保证代表性也不合格的固体或凝聚力的群体。此外,我们的新公理可以很容易地验证:给定一个委员会,我们可以在多项式时间内检查它是否满足公理。这与许多已建立的概念(如EJR)形成对比,已知EJR的相应验证问题是棘手的。在设置与批准的偏好,我们提出了一个强大的和可验证的变体EJR和一个简单的贪婪的程序来计算委员会满足it. In设置与排名的偏好,我们提出了一个强大的变体PSC,它可以有效地验证,即使是一般的弱偏好。在严格偏好的特殊情况下,我们的概念是第一个已知的可满足比例公理,违反了单一可转移投票(STV)。我们还讨论了我们的研究结果的影响,参与式预算,查询程序,以及比例度的概念。

英文摘要:

When selecting a subset of candidates (a so-called committee) based on the preferences of voters, proportional representation is often a major desideratum. When going beyond simplistic models such as party-list or district-based elections, it is surprisingly challenging to capture proportionality formally. As a consequence, the literature has produced numerous competing criteria of when a selected committee qualifies as proportional. Two of the most prominent notions are Dummett's proportionality for solid coalitions (PSC) and Aziz et al.'s extended justified representation (EJR). Both guarantee proportional representation to groups of voters who have very similar preferences; such groups are referred to as solid coalitions by Dummett and as cohesive groups by Aziz et al. However, these notions lose their bite when groups are only almost solid or almost cohesive. In this paper, we propose proportionality axioms that are more robust: they guarantee representation also to groups that do not qualify as solid or cohesive. Further, our novel axioms can be easily verified: Given a committee, we can check in polynomial time whether it satisfies the axiom or not. This is in contrast to many established notions like EJR, for which the corresponding verification problem is known to be intractable. In the setting with approval preferences, we propose a robust and verifiable variant of EJR and a simply greedy procedure to compute committees satisfying it. In the setting with ranked preferences, we propose a robust variant PSC, which can be efficiently verified even for general weak preferences. In the special case of strict preferences, our notion is the first known satisfiable proportionality axiom that is violated by the Single Transferable Vote (STV). We also discuss implications of our results for participatory budgeting, querying procedures, and to the notion of proportionality degree.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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