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arXiv 2103.16913cond-mat.stat-mech
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热力学第二定律的信息形式

Information form of the second law of thermodynamics

Miroslav Holeček

摘要:

信息在微观热力学中的重要作用(例如麦克斯韦的恶魔)开启了一个具有挑战性的问题,如果存在一个热力学第二定律的公式仅基于纯信息的想法。在这里,这样一个公式,建议通过引入信息作为一个全值的物理量定义的(客观的)微观信息熵作为“关于微观状态的信息”的幺正过程。我们指出,各种形式的熵(玻尔兹曼,香农,克劳修斯)实际上只是一个特殊的情况下,信息熵的一般形式被发现。观察者在这里扮演一个特殊的(信息)参考系(IRF)的角色,熵是朝着它定义的。一些悖论或误解与熵的概念或第二定律的内容产生描述的情况下,没有指定一个具体的IRF。通常情况下,玻尔兹曼统计方法不能对称地用于对过去的未来在一个IRF。信息第二定律在细观或微观尺度上是完全可用的,并找到了广义第二定律的信息形式。

英文摘要:

An essential role of information in microscopic thermodynamics (e.g. Maxwell's demon) opens a challenging question if there exists a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics based only on pure information ideas. Here, such a formulation is suggested for unitary processes by introducing information as a full-valuable physical quantity defining an (objective) microscopic information entropy as 'information about microstate'. We show that various forms of entropy (Boltzmann, Shannon, Clausius) are in fact only a special cases of information entropy whose general form is found out. An observer plays here the role of a special (information) reference frame (IRF) towards which the entropy is defined. Some paradoxes or misunderstandings connected with the concept of entropy or the content of the second law arise by describing a situation without specifying a concrete IRF. Typically, the Boltzmann statistical approach cannot be symmetrically used towards the past as towards the future in one IRF. The information second law is full usable at meso- or microscopic scales: the information form of the generalized second law is found out too.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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