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arXiv 1502.02122cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.soft
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不可逆热力学的拉格朗日公式和热力学第二定律

Lagrangian formulation of irreversible thermodynamics, and the second law of thermodynamics

K. S. Glavatskiy

摘要:

我们证明了描述系统不可逆演化的方程可以由变分原理导出。我们建议拉格朗日,这取决于正常的和所谓的“镜像”系统的属性。拉格朗日量在时间上是对称的,因此与微观可逆性相容。在正常和镜像系统中的演化方程是解耦的,因此描述了每个系统的独立不可逆演化。热力学第二定律由拉格朗日量的对称性得出。正常系统中的熵增加与镜像系统中的熵减少相平衡,从而存在一个常数“演化积分”。推导依赖于局部平衡的性质,即非平衡态下热力学量之间的局部关系与平衡态下的相同。

英文摘要:

We show that the equations which describe irreversible evolution of a system can be derived from a variational principle. We suggest a Lagrangian, which depends on the properties of the normal and the so-called "mirror-image" system. The Lagrangian is symmetric in time and therefore compatible with microscopic reversibility. The evolution equations in the normal and mirror-imaged systems are decoupled and describe therefore independent irreversible evolution of each of the systems. The second law of thermodynamics follows from a symmetry of the Lagrangian. Entropy increase in the normal system is balanced by the entropy decrease in the mirror-image system, such that there exist an "integral of evolution" which is a constant. The derivation relies on the property of local equilibrium, which states that the local relations between the thermodynamic quantities in non-equilibrium are the same as in equilibrium.

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