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arXiv 1507.07656cond-mat.stat-mech
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具有热力学惯性的不可逆系统的局部平衡与热力学第二定律

Local equilibrium and the second law of thermodynamics for irreversible systems with thermodynamic inertia

K. S. Glavatskiy

摘要:

对于具有时滞响应的非平衡系统,局部平衡的有效性一直受到质疑。特别是,对于具有非零热力学惯性的系统,局部平衡的假设导致熵产生的负值,这与热力学第二定律相矛盾。在本文中,我们解决这个问题,提出了一个变分制定的不可逆演化的系统与非零的热力学惯性。我们介绍拉格朗日,这取决于正常的和所谓的“镜像”系统的属性。我们表明,标准的发展方程,特别是麦克斯韦-Cattaneo-Vernotte方程,可以从变分过程中不超出局部平衡的假设。我们还认为,热力学第二定律应理解为变分过程和局部平衡性质的结果。对于具有瞬时响应的系统,这导致局部瞬时熵产生总是正的标准要求。然而,如果一个系统的特点是延迟响应,热力学第二定律的公式应该改变。特别是,这个量总是为正的,它不是瞬时熵产生,而是在热浪期间平均的熵产生。

英文摘要:

Validity of local equilibrium has been questioned for non-equilibrium systems which are characterized by delayed response. In particular, for systems with non-zero thermodynamic inertia, the assumption of local equilibrium leads to negative values of the entropy production, which is in contradiction with the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper we address this question by suggesting a variational formulation of irreversible evolution of a system with non-zero thermodynamic inertia. We introduce the Lagrangian, which depends on the properties of the normal and the so-called "mirror-image" systems. We show that the standard evolution equations, in particular the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte equation, can be derived from the variational procedure without going beyond the assumption of local equilibrium. We also argue, that the second law of thermodynamics should be understood as a consequence of the variational procedure and the property of local equilibrium. For systems with instantaneous response this leads to the standard requirement of the local instantaneous entropy production being always positive. However, if a system is characterized by delayed response, the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics should be altered. In particular, the quantity, which is always positive, is not the instantaneous entropy production, but the entropy production averaged over the period of the heat wave.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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