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arXiv 1002.1230cond-mat.stat-mech
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微尺度非平衡热力学:功关系和第二定律

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: Work relations and the second law

Eliran Boksenbojm, Bram Wynants, Christopher Jarzynski

摘要:

对于宏观系统,热力学第二定律建立了与热库接触的系统所做的功与其自由能变化之间的不等式。对于微观系统,这个结果必须从统计学上考虑,因为围绕平均行为的波动变得很大。近年来,人们已经认识到,这些波动满足一些强大的和意想不到的关系,仍然有效,即使当系统被驱动远离平衡。我们讨论这些关系,并考虑它们揭示了热力学第二定律和在微观尺度上的不可逆性的性质。

英文摘要:

For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this result must be considered statistically, as fluctuations around average behavior become substantial. In recent years it has become recognized that these fluctuations satisfy a number of strong and unexpected relations, which remain valid even when the system is driven far from equilibrium. We discuss these relations, and consider what they reveal about the second law of thermodynamics and the nature of irreversibility at the microscale.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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