非平衡演化热力学
Nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics
摘要:
本文将一种新的方法--非平衡演化热力学方法与经典的Landau方法进行了比较
英文摘要:
A new approach - nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics, is compared with classical variant of Landau approach
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。
Nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics
Leonid S. Metlov
本文将一种新的方法--非平衡演化热力学方法与经典的Landau方法进行了比较
A new approach - nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics, is compared with classical variant of Landau approach
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics ?
27条评论(.)第二定律与非平衡系统
The thermodynamics is studied with the thermodynamic parameter of the lifetime, first-passage time, generalizing the equilibrium thermodynamics. Various ways of describing several stationary nonequilibrium states in the system are considered. The possibilities of increasing the lifetime of the system under external influences on it are investigated.
Thermodynamic derivation and use of a nonequilibrium canonical ensemble
基于熵的纯信息理论解释,描述了非平衡系统正则系综的类似物的热力学表达式。作为应用,它表明,这种非平衡正则分布蕴含着一些重要的结果,从非平衡热力学,特别是,涨落定理和Jarzynski等式。
Aspects of the modern dynamical systems approach to thermodynamics of stationary states out of equilibrium with attention to the original conceptions which arose at the beginnings of Statistical Mechanics
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and scale invariance
基于广义通量和力之间局部关系的尺度不变性假设,提出了一种连续非平衡热力学理论的变体。这一假设取代了经典非平衡热力学中广泛使用的局部平衡假设和热力学通量与力之间已知关系的假设。它已被证明,这样的修改不仅使人们有可能演绎地获得经典的线性非平衡态热力学的主要结果,但也提供了一些报表的非线性情况下(最大熵产生原理,宏观可逆性原则,广义互易关系),在文献中讨论。
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are prototypical complex systems because reactions are nonlinear and connected in intricate ways, and they are also essential to understand living systems. Here, I discuss how recent developments in nonequilibrium thermodynamics provide new insight on how CRNs process energy and perform sophisticated tasks, and describe open challenges in the field.
Nonequilibrium work-Hamiltonian connection for a microstate plays a central role in diverse branches of statistical thermodynamics (fluctuation theorems, quantum thermodynamics, stochastic thermodynamics, etc.). We show that the change in the Hamiltonian for a microstate should be identified with the work done by it, and not the work done on it. This contradicts the current practice in the field. The difference represents a contribution whose average gives the work that is dissipated due to irreversibility. As the latter has been overlooked, the current identification does not properly account…
To describe the nonequilibrium states of the system, a new thermodynamic parameter - system lifetime - is introduced. Statistical distributions that describe the behavior of energy and lifetime are recorded. Entropy and obtained thermodynamic relations are compared with the results of Extended Irreversible thermodynamics, where as an additional parameter selected fluxes. For the case of thermal conductivity explicit expressions are obtained for average lifetime and conjugate thermodynamic quantity. It is shown that near the equilibrium state, when is only one stationary nonequilibrium state, f…
Quantum Thermodynamics: A Nonequilibrium Green's Functions Approach
在非平衡格林函数(NEGF)框架下,建立了强耦合非相互作用开放量子系统的量子热力学非平衡理论基础.系统的能量及其与储层的耦合由一个缓慢的外部时间依赖力控制,该力被处理为一阶超越准静态极限。我们导出了热力学的四个基本热力学定律,并描述了可逆变换的特征。在弱耦合极限下恢复了随机热力学。
Development of thermodynamic induction up to second order gives a dynamical bifurcation for thermodynamic variables and allows for the prediction and detailed explanation of nonequilibrium phase transitions with associated spontaneous symmetry breaking. By taking into account nonequilibrium fluctuations, long range order is analyzed for possible pattern formation. Consolidation of results up to second order produces thermodynamic potentials that are maximized by stationary states of the system of interest. These new potentials differ from the traditional thermodynamic potentials. In particular…
Nonequilibrium, thermostats and thermodynamic limit
本文研究了“等能”和“无摩擦”两类恒温器之间的关系,证明了它们在空间维$d=1,2$和特殊几何维$d=3$中在热力学极限上的等价性。
Nonequilibrium Third Law of Thermodynamics
本文综述非平衡热力学第三定律研究,并以马尔可夫跳跃过程首次到达其他状态的平均时间重新解释准势,为非平衡热容计算提供新视角。
Time-dependent Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: A Master-equation Approach
主方程可用于各种生化系统的建模。严格推导了含时非平衡热力学的一般理论。我们不仅引入了广义内能的概念,而且提出了平衡态的推广。此外,我们还找到了第二定律推广形式的一个明确表达式,即“功向过剩热的转化是不可逆的”。该理论被仔细地应用于几个热力学过程,并清楚地表明了它与经典热力学的一致性。
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of the First and Second Kind: Averages and Fluctuations
我们比较两种方法,非平衡热力学,两个发电机支架制定的时间演化方程的平均值和宏观波动理论,在稳态条件下的等温驱动扩散系统。这两种方法的波动耗散关系起着重要的作用,详细的比较。在这两种方法中引入的非平衡亥姆霍兹自由能不同的边界条件的结果。用投影算子方法导出的Fokker-Planck方程能较好地再现非平衡稳态中的长程涨落,为描述含时非平衡系统中宏观平均附近的物理涨落提供了最有希望的可能性.
Current formulations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of open chemical reaction networks only consider chemostats as free-energy sources sustaining nonequilibrium behaviours. Here, we extend the theory to include incoherent light as a source of free energy. We do so by relying on a local equilibrium assumption to derive the chemical potential of photons relative to the system they interact with. This allows us to identify the thermodynamic potential and the thermodynamic forces driving light-reacting chemical systems out of equilibrium. We use this framework to treat two paradigmatic photochem…
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and Nose-Hoover dynamics
我们表明,系统驱动的外力和描述的鼻子胡佛动力学允许一个一致的非平衡态热力学描述时,恒温变量最初假设在一个典型的平衡状态。把“实”量看作系统,把恒温量看作贮器,建立了热力学第一、第二定律。对于哈密顿系统,熵产生可以表示为相对熵,其测量在动态过程中建立的系统-储层相关性。
Comparison of extended irreversible thermodynamics and nonequilibrium statistical operator method with thermodynamics based on a distribution containing the first-passage time
本文对比了包含首达时间参数的分布版非平衡热力学、非平衡统计算子方法与扩展不可逆热力学,将扩展不可逆热力学的弛豫时间τ替换为平均首达时间,并推导了相关热力学参数的表达式。
In this work, we analyze the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a class of neural networks known as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) in the context of unsupervised learning. We show how the network is described as a discrete Markov process and how the detailed balance condition and the Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium distribution are sufficient conditions for a complete thermodynamics description, including nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems. Numerical simulations in a fully trained RBM are performed and the heat exchange fluctuation theorem is verified with excellent agreement to the theory.…
Lagrangian phase transitions in nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems
在以前的文章中,我们通过考虑描述定态非平衡态大涨落的泛函,引入了一个自然的非平衡自由能。虽然在平衡状态下,这个泛函总是凸的,但在非平衡状态下,情况不一定如此。我们表明,在非平衡的一种新的类型的奇点可以出现被解释为相变。特别地,当外场漂移与外储层漂移相反且足够强时,一维边界驱动的弱非对称排斥过程会出现这种现象。
How can we derive the evolution equations of dissipative systems? What is the relation between the different approaches? How much do we understand the fundamental aspects of a second law based framework? Is there a hierarchy of dissipative and ideal theories at all? How far can we reach with the new methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics?
We analyze the static response to perturbations of nonequilibrium steady states that can be modeled as one-dimensional diffusions on the circle. We demonstrate that an arbitrary perturbation can be broken up into a combination of three specific classes of perturbations that can be fruitfully addressed individually. For each class, we derive a simple formula that quantitatively characterizes the response in terms of the strength of nonequilibrium driving valid arbitrarily far from equilibrium.
In a recent paper [P. Strasberg and M. Esposito, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 101}, 050101(R) (2020)] an attempt is presented to formulate the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of an open system in terms of the Hamiltonian of mean force. The purpose of the present comment is to clarify severe restrictions of this approach and also to stress that recently noted ambiguities [P. Talkner and P. Hänggi, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 94}, 022143 (2016)] of fluctuating thermodynamic potentials cannot be removed in the suggested way.
Information Thermodynamics: Maxwell's Demon in Nonequilibrium Dynamics
我们回顾了信息热力学理论,该理论将测量和反馈的影响纳入小系统的非平衡态热力学,并讨论了热力学第二定律在这种情况下应如何扩展。我们解决的问题,可以从系统中提取的反馈控制器(麦克斯韦恶魔)的存在下,最大的工作,并提供了一些说明性的例子。我们还回顾了最近的一个实验,实现了一个麦克斯韦妖的基础上反馈控制棘轮。
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Feedback Control
建立了经典随机热力学系统反馈控制的一般理论,推广了非平衡态方程如涨落定理和Jarzynski方程在多测量反馈控制下的应用.我们的结果是以前相关工作对一般测量和多热浴情况的概括。所获得的等式涉及表征通过测量或反馈控制的功效获得的信息的附加项。一个广义Szilard引擎和反馈控制棘轮满足派生的等式。
The Second Law of Steady State Thermodynamics for Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics
本文从微观的观点研究了开放量子系统的普通热力学第二定律和稳态热力学第二定律。基于Lindblad的H-定理,我们证明了这两个第二定律与完全正映射产生的量子动力学是一致的。此外,还得到了某些量子动力学系统的熵产生和“管家热”的微观表达式。
Nonequilibrium steady states in contact: Approximate thermodynamic structure and zero-th law for driven lattice gases
我们探讨驱动晶格气体的存在下,一个强烈的热力学变量,可以确定“平衡”之间的两个非平衡稳态系统保持弱接触。在模拟中,我们发现这些系统满足令人惊讶的简单的热力学定律,如第零定律和粒子数波动和相应的磁化率之间的波动响应关系非常好。然而,在较高的密度,小,但可观察到的偏离这些法律发生由于非平凡的接触动力学和存在的长程空间相关性。
Stochastic approach to equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics
我们开发的随机热力学方法的基础上的随机动力学,它可以是离散的(主方程)连续的(福克-普朗克方程),并在两个假设有关熵。第一个是熵本身的定义,第二个是熵产生率的定义,它是非负的,在热力学平衡时为零。基于这些假设,我们研究了多自由度相互作用系统在平衡态和非平衡态下的宏观动力学规律,以及如何从随机动力学中导出宏观动力学规律。这些研究包括化学反应的准平衡过程、平衡面的凸性、热力学势的单调时间行为(包括熵)、熵产生率的双线性形式、Onsager系数和互反关系以及化学反应的非平衡稳态。
Thermodynamic time asymmetry in nonequilibrium fluctuations
我们在这里提出了完整的分析实验驱动布朗运动和电噪声的$RC$电路,表明热力学熵的产生可以与这些非平衡系统的统计描述的时间反演对称性的破坏。对称性破缺可以用单位时间的动力学熵来表示,一个是前向过程的动力学熵,另一个是时间反演过程的动力学熵。这些单位时间的熵表征了动态随机性,即,时间无序,在时间序列的非平衡波动。它们之间的差异给出了著名的热力学熵产生,因此,它的起源是动力学随机性的时间不对称性,别名时间无序,在系统中被赶出平衡。
Operational typicality of the nonequilibrium states: a thermodynamic lower bound of the deviation from equilibrium
正则态的典型性表明,大多数态与平衡态是不可区分的,因此非平衡态在极高维希尔伯特空间中是非常罕见的。相反,我们可以很容易地施加一个外力作用在系统上,然后实际的密度矩阵定量地偏离由系统哈密顿量在每个实例中指定的正则状态。为了表示外力如何导致偏离平衡态,我们给出了实际非平衡态与相应正则态之间的Hilbert-Schmidt距离下界的热力学普适表达式。下限仅由强迫的量及其随之产生的熵产生率来表示。
We propose a tensor-network algorithm for discrete-time stochastic dynamics of a homogeneous system in the thermodynamic limit. We map a $d$-dimensional nonequilibrium Markov process to a $(d+1)$-dimensional infinite tensor network by using a higher-order singular-value decomposition. As an application of the algorithm, we compute the nonequilibrium relaxation from a fully magnetized state to equilibrium of the one- and two- dimensional Ising models with periodic boundary conditions. Utilizing the translational invariance of the systems, we analyze the behavior in the thermodynamic limit direc…
A Unified Nonequilibrium Framework: Thermodynamic Distance, Dissipation, and Stationary Laws via Effective State Count, Variational Stationarity, and Thermodynamic Bounds
本文提出一个基于有效态计数的非平衡热力学变分框架,定义热力学距离并分解熵产生,导出涨落对称性与热力学界。
Bona Fide Thermodynamic Temperature in Nonequilibrium Kinetic Ising Models
我们表明,一个标称温度可以一致和唯一的定义无处不在的大类非平衡动力学伊辛自旋模型的相图。此外,我们证实了最近的建议,在临界点,大时间"波动耗散比“$X_\infty$是一个普遍的振幅比,并发现特别是$X_\infty \approx 0.33(2)$和$X_\infty = 1/2$的磁化,分别在二维伊辛和选民的普遍性类。
Definition and relevance of nonequilibrium intensive thermodynamic parameters
我们表明,密集的热力学参数与添加剂守恒量可以自然地定义从统计方法在远离平衡稳态系统,在很少的假设下,没有任何细致平衡的要求。它可以适用于,例如,到耗散系统,如体积或质量仍然守恒的颗粒气体,或到具有周期性边界条件的系统,其中存在守恒量的通量。我们强调这个概念的有用性,以表征不同的非平衡相的共存,并讨论了两个不同的系统之间的接触的影响,在测量问题。
Nonequilibrium heat capacity
稳态热力学和统计力学的发展,关键在于我们发展非平衡稳态(NESS)的平衡热力学概念的能力。本文考虑热容的发展。提出了一个修改后的定义,它继续保持相同的关系,稳态香农熵在平衡,从而提供了一个nesses热容量的治疗。
We generalize an idea in the works of Landauer and Bennett on computations, and Hill's in chemical kinetics, to emphasize the importance of kinetic cycles in mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET). For continuous stochastic systems, a NET in phase space is formulated in terms of cycle affinity $\nabla\wedge\big(\mathbf{D}^{-1}\mathbf{b}\big)$ and vorticity potential $\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{x})$ of the stationary flux $\mathbf{J}^{*}=\nabla\times\mathbf{A}$. Each bivectorial cycle couples two transport processes represented by vectors and gives rise to Onsager's reciprocality; the scalar pr…
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET) investigates processes in systems out of global equilibrium. On a mesoscopic level, it provides a statistical dynamic description of various complex phenomena such as chemical reactions, ion transport, diffusion, thermochemical, thermomechanical and mechanochemical fluxes. In the present review, we introduce a mesoscopic stochastic formulation of NET by analyzing entropy production in several simple examples. The fundamental role of nonequilibrium steady-state cycle kinetics is emphasized. The statistical mechanics of Onsager's reciprocal relations in this c…
Work Relation and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Nonequilibrium Steady States
本文将Jarzynski的功关系和热力学第二定律推广到一个由外界介质作用的热传导系统。这些扩展包含一个新的非平衡贡献表示为违反(线性)的反应关系所造成的操作。我们发现,最小功原理的自然扩展涉及到时间反演操作的信息,并且远非简单。特别是当温度梯度很小时,我们的功关系可以用实验来检验。
We present an approach based on a density matrix expansion to study thermodynamic properties of a quantum system strongly coupled to two or more baths. For slow external driving of the system, we identify the adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions to thermodynamic quantities, and we show how the first and second laws of thermodynamics are manifested in the strong coupling regime. Particularly, we show that the entropy production is positive up to second order in the driving speed. The formulation can be applied both for Bosonic and Fermionic systems, and recovers previous results for the equ…
Using an additivity property, we study particle-number fluctuations in a system of interacting self-propelled particles, called active Brownian particles (ABPs), which consists of repulsive disks with random self-propulsion velocities. From a fluctuation-response relation - a direct consequence of additivity, we formulate a thermodynamic theory which captures the previously observed features of nonequilibrium phase transition in the ABPs from a homogeneous fluid phase to an inhomogeneous phase of coexisting gas and liquid. We substantiate the predictions of additivity by analytically calculati…
Nonequilibrium steady state thermodynamics and fluctuations for stochastic systems
我们利用对系统所做的功和从系统中移走的热量来维持系统处于非平衡稳态,从而对这样的系统及其涨落进行类似于图解的描述。基于广义Onsager-Machlup理论的非平衡稳态,我们指出两个模糊的,不存在于平衡态,在定义这样的工作和热量:一个是由于非唯一性的时间反演程序和另一个由于多种可能性,以分离成工作和能量差的热在非平衡稳态。因此,对于这样的系统,功和热满足热力学第一和第二热力学定律以及它们的涨落定理的多个版本。唯一的定律和关系似乎只有在具体定义的系统中才能得到,用物理参数来选择相关的物理量。这在许多系统上得到了说明,包括电场中的布朗粒子、驱动扭转摆、电路和由温度差驱动的能量传递。
Thermodynamic transformations of nonequilibrium states
我们考虑一个宏观系统与边界水库和/或外部场的作用下。我们讨论的情况下,外部强迫依赖于时间,并驱动系统从一个非平衡态到另一个。在这种情况下,当考虑无界时间窗时,沿着变换耗散的能量的量变得无限大。在Oono和Paniconi的一般性建议的基础上,利用宏观涨落理论的结果,我们给出了重整化功的一个自然定义。然后,我们讨论了它的热力学相关性表明,它满足克劳修斯不等式和准静态变换最小化重整化工作。此外,我们将重整化功与描述定常非平衡系综涨落的准势联系起来。后者的结果提供了一个表征的准势,不涉及罕见的波动。
Topologically-constrained fluctuations and thermodynamics regulate nonequilibrium response
推导了由状态空间拓扑和热力学驱动强度决定的非平衡响应约束,且无需额外动力学信息,并在受体结合模型中揭示了化学驱动对Hill系数的增强作用。
Dissipative electromagnetism from a nonequilibrium thermodynamics perspective
通过对微观麦克斯韦方程组随时间的粗粒化,研究了宏观尺度上电磁场的耗散效应。我们说明了一个程序来获得耗散效应的宏观尺度上使用的Green-Kubo型表达式的微观波动和它们之间的相关性。由此产生的宏观麦克斯韦方程组的非平衡可逆-不可逆耦合(通用)框架内制定的一般方程,也占不均匀的温度。
Entropy and Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Relation for Heat Conducting Steady States
在将熵和热力学推广到非平衡稳态的各种可能途径中,我们选择了以操作热力学和克劳修斯关系为指导的途径。在我们之前的研究中,我们推导出了NESS的扩展克劳修斯关系式,其中原始关系式中的热量被其“重整化”对应物(称为过剩热量)所取代,并且吉布斯-香农熵表达式由一个新的对称化吉布斯-香农表达式代替。在这里,我们集中在马尔可夫过程描述热传导系统,并开发一个新的方法来推导热力学关系。首先给出了推广克劳修斯关系的一个新的简单推导,并阐明了它与线性响应理论的密切关系。然后,我们推导出一个新的改进的扩展克劳修斯关系与“非线性非平衡”的贡献,这是书面的功和热之间的相关性。我们认为,“非线性非平衡”的贡献是不可避免的,并且一旦我们接受多余热量的(非常自然的)定义,它就被唯一地确定。此外,事实证明,为了在操作上确定非平衡熵与温度差的二阶的差,可以仅使用没有非线性项的先前的克劳修斯关系,或者必须使用新的关系,这取决于操作(即,参数空间中的路径)。这种奇特的“扭曲”可能是更好地理解NESS热力学和统计力学的线索。
Thermodynamics is based on the notions of energy and entropy. While energy is the elementary quantity governing physical dynamics, entropy is the fundamental concept in information theory. In this work, starting from first principles, we give a detailed didactic account on the relations between energy and entropy and thus physics and information theory. We show that thermodynamic process inequalities, like the Second Law, are equivalent to the requirement that an effective description for physical dynamics is strongly relaxing. From the perspective of information theory, strongly relaxing dyna…
Gauge invariance and geometric phase in nonequilibrium thermodynamics
我们展示了U1格点规范理论和一大类非线性振子网络的非平衡态热力学之间的联系。振荡器之间的耦合在网络中扮演着规范场或连接的角色。驱动能量流的摩擦力用连接的曲率表示,类似于几何相位。该模型既接近平衡又远离平衡,预测存在持续的能量和粒子流在网络中闭环循环。数值模拟证实了预测。可能的理论和实验应用扩展到纳米器件进行了简要讨论。
Nonequilibrium Work Relation in Macroscopic System
我们重新考虑一个众所周知的涨落定理和热力学第二定律之间的关系,通过评估一个概率测度值的过程。为了建立微观和宏观行为之间的桥梁,我们考虑的热力学极限的随机动力系统的基本程序经常使用的统计力学。表征宏观动力学行为的热力学路径可以表示为概率测度值过程的作用泛函的下确界。在我们的公式中,热力学第二定律可以由涨落定理产生的作用泛函的对称性导出。我们发现,我们的公式不仅证实了热力学极限下的Jarzynski等式可以重新推导,而且使我们能够建立一个非平凡的亚稳态非平衡功关系.
We refute the criticism expressed in a comment by P. Talkner and P. Hänggi [Phys. Rev. E 102, 066101 (2020)] on our paper Phys. Rev. E 101, 050101(R) (2020). We first make clear that our paper is free of any technical mistakes. We then defend the statements of our manuscript which were claimed to be taken out of context. Finally, we give clear arguments showing that the basic concepts we rely on are meaningful and have a deep rational.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: Work relations and the second law
对于宏观系统,热力学第二定律建立了与热库接触的系统所做的功与其自由能变化之间的不等式。对于微观系统,这个结果必须从统计学上考虑,因为围绕平均行为的波动变得很大。近年来,人们已经认识到,这些波动满足一些强大的和意想不到的关系,仍然有效,即使当系统被驱动远离平衡。我们讨论这些关系,并考虑它们揭示了热力学第二定律和在微观尺度上的不可逆性的性质。
Controlling thermodynamic cycles to minimize the dissipated heat is a longstanding goal in thermodynamics, and more recently, a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics for nanoscale systems. Here, we introduce a theoretical and computational framework for optimizing nonequilibrium control protocols that can transform a system between two distributions in a minimally dissipative fashion. These protocols optimally transport a system along paths through the space of probability distributions that minimize the dissipative cost of a transformation. Furthermore, we show that the thermodynamic…
A nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory demonstrating an induction effect of a statistical nature is presented. We have shown that this thermodynamic induction can arise in a class of systems that have variable kinetic coefficients (VKC). In particular if a kinetic coefficient associated with a given thermodynamic variable depends on another thermodynamic variable then we have derived an expression that can predict the extent of the induction. The amount of induction is shown to be proportional to the square of the driving force. The nature of the intervariable coupling for the induction effect …
Zeroth law of thermodynamics for nonequilibrium steady states in contact
我们要问的是,当两个处于非平衡稳态的系统保持接触,并允许交换一个量时,会发生什么,比如说质量,这个量在组合系统中是守恒的。系统最终会演化到一个新的定态吗?在这个定态中,某些热力学变量(如平衡化学势)会遵循热力学第零定律而平衡,如果是这样,在什么条件下是可能的?我们认为,第零定律将举行,提供两个系统具有短程空间相关性,它们{ \it弱相互作用}交换质量与满足平衡条件的速率-让人想起平衡中的细致平衡。这一命题被证明为驱动系统一般在小汇率的限制(即,弱相互作用),并证明了在各种保守的质量传输过程具有非零空间相关性。
Mesoscopic Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Single Macromolecules and Dynamic Entropy-Energy Compensation
基于随机动力学原理,我们对具有或不具有细致平衡的单个大分子在等温环境流体中的热力学行为给出了一个公理化的完整形式。通过细致平衡,新理论给出了大分子熵和自由能的介观、非平衡概括。介观能量和熵波动。当且仅当大分子处于热平衡时,熵产生的期望值为零,其中我们表明熵仍然波动,但自由能是常数。熵涨落a la L.D.朗道,精确地匹配的波动,在内能,这反过来又等于波动的热量耗散。作为Clausius经典结果的推广,在热平衡下,大分子熵和能量的动态涨落得到了精确补偿。对于系统的细致平衡,亥姆霍兹自由能被证明是潜在的Onsager的热力学力。
Absolute Irreversibility in Information Thermodynamics
在统计力学和信息热力学中,非平衡方程引起了人们极大的兴趣。关于非平衡等式,值得注意的是,它们适用于超出线性响应范围的相当普遍的非平衡情形。然而,非平衡等式被认为是不适用于一些重要的情况。在这篇论文中,我们引入了绝对不可逆性的概念,作为一类新的不可逆性,它涵盖了传统的非平衡等式不适用的不可逆情况的整个范围。在数学上,绝对不可逆性对应于概率测度的奇异部分,并且可以通过测度论中的勒贝格分解定理从普通的不可逆部分中分离出来。这个定理保证了概率测度分解为奇异和非奇异部分的唯一性,这使我们能够给出一个定义明确的数学和物理意义的绝对不可逆性。因此,我们得到了一种新的类型的非平衡方程的存在绝对不可逆性。由非平衡方程导出的不等式比传统的第二定律不等式对非平衡过程的熵产生给出了更强的限制。此外,我们从绝对不可逆性的角度给出了吉布斯佯谬的一个新的解。这个解决方案适用于一个经典的介观制度,其中两个流行的解决吉布斯悖论打破。
From virtual work principle to maximum entropy for nonequilibrium system
本文在论证了平衡态热力学系统的最大熵方法和非平衡态热力学系统的最大路径熵算法后,提出了虚功原理在非平衡态热力学系统中的另一种应用。与在一段时间内的运动轨迹的最大路径熵的理由,这项工作是在最大的熵定义为一个衡量的瞬时动态不确定性的函数的概率分布在系统的微观在任何给定的时刻。
From fluctuations in hydrodynamics to nonequilibrium thermodynamics
本文介绍了近十年来与L。Bertini,A. De Sole,D. Gabrielli和C.兰丁这一理论受到了相互作用粒子(随机格子气体)的随机模型的启发和测试。这是一个新的方法的基础上,适用于一个大类的系统的固定非平衡态的研究。这个概述强调一般的想法和细节,我指的是已发表的论文。
The autonomous heat engine is a model system of autonomous nonequilibrium systems like biological cells, exploiting nonequilibrium flow for operations. As the Carnot engine has essentially contributed to the equilibrium thermodynamics, autonomous heat engine is expected to play a critical role in the challenge of constructing nonequilibrium thermodynamics. However, the high complexity of the engine involving an intricate coupling among heat, gas flow, and mechanics has prevented simple modeling. Here, we experimentally characterized the nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics of a low-tempe…
Transporting Baguettes With Minimal Action: The Geometry of Optimal Nonequilibrium Processes in Stochastic Thermodynamics
论文借助最优输运与随机热力学几何,研究有限时间非平衡状态变化的最小功协议,并通过精确控制、自适应采样和测地线—反绝热分解解释其不连续与非单调特性。
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Time-dependent Langevin Systems: Energy Balance Relation and the Extended Form of the Second Law
从非平衡吉布斯熵的一般定义出发,发展了含时朗之万动力学的一般非平衡热力学理论。结果表明,热力学第一定律和第二定律中出现的符号可以一致地应用于瞬态非平衡过程。我们找到了一个代表系统能量平衡关系的一般等式,并进一步对第二定律的推广形式提出了一个明确的数学解释,它只在含时情况下才成立。最后还介绍了几个经典热力学过程的应用。
Intensive thermodynamic parameters in nonequilibrium systems
考虑到一类广泛的稳态非平衡系统,其中一些添加剂的量是保守的动力学,我们引入从统计方法密集的热力学参数(ITPs)共轭的保守量。该定义不要求满足任何细致平衡关系。相反,该系统必须满足一般的可加性属性,这在文献中通常考虑的大多数模型中都成立,包括那些由有限矩阵的矩阵乘积所描述的模型。这些ITP的主要属性是在两个子系统中取相等的值,使它们成为描述非平衡相共存的有力工具,如在不同模型上所示。最后,我们讨论的问题时,两个不同的系统进行接触的ITP的均衡。这个问题与使用一个小的辅助系统测量ITP的可能性密切相关,就像用温度计测量温度一样,并且指出了非平衡统计力学的主要困难之一。此外,一个有效的替代确定,波动的措施的基础上,也提出和说明。
扫码添加微信好友,提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写:网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取,如发现错误,欢迎反馈修正建议。