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arXiv 1702.07906cond-mat.stat-mech
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非平衡态热力学与信息论:基本概念与松弛动力学

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and information theory: Basic concepts and relaxing dynamics

Bernhard Altaner

摘要:

热力学是以能量和熵的概念为基础的。虽然能量是控制物理动力学的基本量,但熵是信息论中的基本概念。在这项工作中,从第一性原理出发,我们给出了一个详细的教学帐户之间的关系,能量和熵,从而物理学和信息论。我们表明,热力学过程的不平等,如第二定律,相当于一个有效的描述物理动力学的要求是强烈放松。从信息论的角度来看,强弛豫动力学支配着统计系综向与热力学平衡参数相容的最大非承诺概率分布的不可逆收敛。特别地,收敛到热力学平衡态的马尔可夫过程是强松弛的。我们的框架概括了以前的结果任意开放和驱动系统,产生新的理想化和真实的过程的热力学界限。

英文摘要:

Thermodynamics is based on the notions of energy and entropy. While energy is the elementary quantity governing physical dynamics, entropy is the fundamental concept in information theory. In this work, starting from first principles, we give a detailed didactic account on the relations between energy and entropy and thus physics and information theory. We show that thermodynamic process inequalities, like the Second Law, are equivalent to the requirement that an effective description for physical dynamics is strongly relaxing. From the perspective of information theory, strongly relaxing dynamics govern the irreversible convergence of a statistical ensemble towards the maximally non-commital probability distribution that is compatible with thermodynamic equilibrium parameters. In particular, Markov processes that converge to a thermodynamic equilibrium state are strongly relaxing. Our framework generalizes previous results to arbitrary open and driven systems, yielding novel thermodynamic bounds for idealized and real processes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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