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arXiv 2103.03306quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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温度作为量子力学中的微扰

Temperature as perturbation in quantum mechanics

Ashkan Shekaari, Mahmoud Jafari

摘要:

在足够低的温度极限下,采用微扰方法发展了一种非相对论性量子力学的温度依赖形式。因此,一个广义的,自洽的哈密顿量被构造为一个任意的量子力学系统的方式,基态哈密顿量原来只是一个极限情况下,在绝对零度。将系统与周围环境之间的弱耦合项视为微扰。将得到的广义哈密顿量应用于一些具有精确零温解的典型量子系统,包括盒子中的自由粒子、真空中的自由粒子和谐振子,直到一阶自洽,从而修正了它们的相关哈密顿量、能谱和波函数,使之与低温极限一致。进一步的研究揭示了某种量子隧穿效应的剩余概率的自由粒子在一个盒子里,作为热耦合到水库的主要后果。对热环境对波函数的主要性质的可能影响也进行了深入的研究和讨论。

英文摘要:

The perturbative approach was adopted to develop a temperature-dependent version of non-relativistic quantum mechanics in the limit of low-enough temperatures. A generalized, self-consistent Hamiltonian was therefore constructed for an arbitrary quantum-mechanical system in a way that the ground-state Hamiltonian turned out to be just a limiting case at absolute zero. The weak-coupling term connecting the system of interest and its immediate environment was accordingly treated as the perturbation. Applying the obtained generalized Hamiltonian to some typical quantum systems with exact zero-temperature solutions, including the free particle in a box, the free particle in vacuum, and the harmonic oscillator, up to the first order of self-consistency, therefore corrected their associated Hamiltonians, energy spectrums, and wavefunctions to be consistent with the low-temperature limit. Further investigation revealed some kind of quantum tunneling effect by a residual probability for the free particle in a box, as a chief consequence of thermally coupling to the reservoir. The possible effects of thermal environment on the main properties of the wavefunctions were also thoroughly examined and discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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