We propose a new viewpoint on Hilbert scales extending them by means of all Hilbert spaces that are interpolation ones between spaces on the scale. We prove that this extension admits an explicit description with the help of $\mathrm{OR}$-varying functions of the operator generating the scale. We also show that this extended Hilbert scale is obtained by the quadratic interpolation (with function parameter) between the above spaces and is closed with respect to the quadratic interpolation between Hilbert spaces. We give applications of the extended Hilbert scale to interpolational inequalities, generalized Sobolev spaces, and spectral expansions induced by abstract and elliptic operators.
Let $H$ be an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. We show that there exists a subspace of $B(H)$ which is isometric to $\ell_2$ and completely isometric to its antidual in the sense of the theory of operator spaces recently developed by Blecher-Paulsen and Effros-Ruan. Moreover this space is unique up to a complete isometry. We denote it by $OH$. This space has several remarkable properties in particular with respect to the complex interpolation method.
The family of harmonic Hilbert spaces is a natural enlargement of those classical $L^{2}$-Sobolev space on $\R^d$ which consist of continuous functions. In the present paper we demonstrate that the use of basic results from the theory of Wiener amalgam spaces allows to establish fundamental properties of harmonic Hilbert spaces even if they are defined over an arbitrary locally compact abelian group $\G$. Even for $\G = \R^{d}$ this new approach improves previously known results. In this paper we present results on minimal norm interpolators over lattices and show that the infinite minimal nor…
We explicitly describe all Hilbert function spaces that are interpolation spaces with respect to a given couple of Sobolev inner product spaces considered over $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ or a half-space in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ or a bounded Euclidean domain with Lipschitz boundary. We prove that these interpolation spaces form a subclass of isotropic Hörmander spaces. They are parametrized with a radial function parameter which is OR-varying at $+\infty$ and satisfies some additional conditions. We give explicit examples of intermediate but not interpolation spaces.
This paper provides an overview of interpolation of Banach and Hilbert spaces, with a focus on establishing when equivalence of norms is in fact equality of norms in the key results of the theory. (In brief, our conclusion for the Hilbert space case is that, with the right normalisations, all the key results hold with equality of norms.) In the final section we apply the Hilbert space results to the Sobolev spaces $H^s(Ω)$ and $\widetilde{H}^s(Ω)$, for $s\in \mathbb{R}$ and an open $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$. We exhibit examples in one and two dimensions of sets $Ω$ for which these scales of Sobo…
The goal of the paper is to obtain analogs of the sampling theorems and of the Riesz-Boas interpolation formulas which are relevant to the Discrete Hilbert and Kak-Hilbert transforms in $l^{2}$.
We show that Rochberg's generalizared interpolation spaces $\mathscr Z^{(n)}$ arising from analytic families of Banach spaces form exact sequences $0\to \mathscr Z^{(n)} \to \mathscr Z^{(n+k)} \to \mathscr Z^{(k)} \to 0$. We study some structural properties of those sequences; in particular, we show that nontriviality, having strictly singular quotient map, or having strictly cosingular embedding depend only on the basic case $n=k=1$. If we focus on the case of Hilbert spaces obtained from the interpolation scale of $\ell_p$ spaces, then $\mathscr Z^{(2)}$ becomes the well-known Kalton-Peck $Z…
We derive necessary density conditions for sampling and for interpolation in general reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces satisfying some natural conditions on the geometry of the space and the reproducing kernel. If the volume of shells is small compared to the volume of balls (weak annular decay property) and if the kernel possesses some off-diagonal decay or even some weaker form of localization, then there exists a critical density $D$ with the following property: a set of sampling has density $\geq D$, whereas a set of interpolation has density $\leq D$. The main theorem unifies many known d…
In this paper we study two separate problems on interpolation. We first give some new equivalences of Stout's Theorem on necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of points to be an interpolating sequence on a finite open Riemann surface. We next turn our attention to the question of interpolation for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on the polydisc and provide a collection of equivalent statements about when it is possible to interpolation in the Schur-Agler class of the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
This note comprises a synthesis of certain results in the theory of exact interpolation between Hilbert spaces. In particular, we examine various characterizations of interpolation spaces and their relations to a number of results in operator-theory and in function-theory.
We construct a class of super-reflexive complementably minimal spaces, and study uniformly convex distortions of the norm on Hilbert space by using methods of complex interpolation.
We denote by $\Hp$ the Hilbert space of ordinary Dirichlet series with square-summable coefficients. The main result is that a bounded sequence of points in the half-plane $σ>1/2$ is an interpolating sequence for $\Hp$ if and only if it is an interpolating sequence for the Hardy space $H^2$ of the same half-plane. Similar local results are obtained for Hilbert spaces of ordinary Dirichlet series that relate to Bergman and Dirichlet spaces of the half-plane $σ>1/2$.
This paper concerns a commutant lifting theorem and a Nevanlinna-Pick type interpolation result in the setting of multipliers from vector-valued Drury-Arveson space to a large class of vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces over the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. The special case of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces includes all natural examples of Hilbert spaces like Hardy space, Bergman space and weighted Bergman spaces over the unit ball.
An interpolation problem for extended Gevrey regularity
University of Novi Sad（诺维萨德大学）；Technical Faculty ”Mihajlo Pupin”, University of Novi Sad（诺维萨德大学米哈伊洛·皮平技术学院）；Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad（诺维萨德大学理学院）
A general interpolation problem with operator argument is studied for functions f from the de Branges-Rovnyak space H(s) associated with an analytic function s mapping the open unit disk D into the closed unit disk. The interpolation condition is taken in the Rosenblum-Rovnyak form f(A)c = b (with a suitable interpretation of f(A)c) for given Hilbert space operator A and two vectors b; c from the same space.
In a case study on asymptotics of spectral quantities of Schrödinger operators we show how the Riesz-Thorin theorem on the interpolation of linear operators can be extended to nonlinear maps.
Within the theory of complex interpolation and theta-Hilbert spaces we extend classical results of Kwapien on absolutely (r,1)-summing operators on l_1 with values in l_p as well as their natural extensions for mixing operators invented by Maurey. Furthermore, we show that for 1<p<2 every operator T on l_1 with values in theta-type 2 spaces, theta=2/p', is Rademacher p-summing. This is another extension of Kwapien's results, and by an extrapolation procedure a natural supplement to a statement of Pisier.
We study fractional differential equations of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo type in Hilbert spaces. Using exponentially weighted spaces of functions defined on $\mathbb{R}$, we define fractional operators by means of a functional calculus using the Fourier transform. Main tools are extrapolation- and interpolation spaces. Main results are the existence and uniqueness of solutions and the causality of solution operators for non-linear fractional differential equations.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for interpolation inequalities of the type considered by Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund to be true in the case of Banach space-valued polynomials and Jacobi weights and nodes. We also study the vector-valued expansion problem of $L_p$-functions in terms of Jacobi polynomials and consider the question of unconditional convergence. The notion of type $p$ with respect to orthonormal systems leads to some characterizations of Hilbert spaces. It is also shown that various vector-valued Jacobi means are equivalent.
Given a finite set $σ$ of the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ and a holomorphic function $f$ in $\mathbb{D}$ which belongs to a class $X$ we are looking for a function $g$ in another class $Y$ which minimizes the norm $|g|_{Y}$ among all functions $g$ such that $g_{|σ}=f_{|σ}$. Generally speaking, the interpolation constant considered is $c(σ,\, X,\, Y)={sup}{}_{f\in X,\,\parallel f\parallel_{X}\leq1}{inf}\{|g|_{Y}:\, g_{|σ}=f_{|σ}\} \,.$ When $Y=H^{\infty}$, our interpolation problem includes those of Nevanlinna-Pick (1916), Caratheodory-Schur (1908). Moreover, Carleson's free interpolation (1958) has…
We introduce the following linear combination interpolation problem (LCI): Given $N$ distinct numbers $w_1,\ldots w_N$ and $N+1$ complex numbers $a_1,\ldots, a_N$ and $c$, find all functions $f(z)$ analytic in a simply connected set (depending on $f$) containing the points $w_1,\ldots,w_N$ such that \[ \sum_{u=1}^Na_uf(w_u)=c. \] To this end we prove a representation theorem for such functions $f$ in terms of an associated polynomial $p(z)$. We first introduce the following two operations, $(i)$ substitution of $p$, and $(ii)$ multiplication by monomials $z^j, 0\le j < N$. Then let $M$ be the …
For Paley-Wiener functions on weighted combinatorial finite or infinite graphs we develop a weighted sampling theory in which samples are defined as inner products with weight functions (measuring devices). Three reconstruction methods are suggested. The first two of them are using language of dual Hilbert frames and the so-called frame algorithm respectively. The third one is using the so-called weighted variational interpolating splines which are constructed in the setting of combinatorial graphs. This development requires a new set of Poincaré-type inequalities which we prove for functions …
We present new methods to obtain singular twisted sums $X\oplus_ΩX$ (i.e., exact sequences $0\to X\to X\oplus_ΩX \to X\to 0$ in which the quotient map is strictly singular), in which $X$ is the interpolation space arising from a complex interpolation scheme and $Ω$ is the induced centralizer. Although our methods are quite general, in our applications we are mainly concerned with the choice of $X$ as either a Hilbert space, or Ferenczi's uniformly convex Hereditarily Indecomposable space. In the first case, we construct new singular twisted Hilbert spaces, including the only known example so f…
Motivated by a question of Vincent Lafforgue, we study the Banach spaces $X$ satisfying the following property: there is a function $\vp\to Δ_X(\vp)$ tending to zero with $\vp>0$ such that every operator $T\colon L_2\to L_2$ with $\|T\|\le \vp$ that is simultaneously contractive (i.e. of norm $\le 1$) on $L_1$ and on $L_\infty$ must be of norm $\le Δ_X(\vp)$ on $L_2(X)$. We show that $Δ_X(\vp)\in O(\vp^α)$ for some $α>0$ iff $X$ is isomorphic to a quotient of a subspace of an ultraproduct of $θ$-Hilbertian spaces for some $ θ>0$ (see Corollary \ref{comcor4.3}), where $θ$-Hilbertian is meant in…
A wavelet is a special case of a vector in a separable Hilbert space that generates a basis under the action of a collection, or system, of unitary operators. We will describe the operator-interpolation approach to wavelet theory using the local commutant of a system. This is really an abstract application of the theory of operator algebras to wavelet theory. The concrete applications of this method include results obtained using specially constructed families of wavelet sets. A frame is a sequence of vectors in a Hilbert space which is a compression of a basis for a larger space. This is not …
We consider Banach spaces equipped with a set of strongly continuous bounded semigroups satisfying certain conditions. Using these semigroups we introduce an analog of a modulus of continuity and define analogs of Besov norms. A generalization of a classical interpolation theorem is proven in which the role of Sobolev spaces is played by subspaces defined in terms of infinitesimal operators of these semigroups. We show that our assumptions about a given set of semigroups are satisfied in the case of a strongly continuous bounded representation of a Lie group. In the case of a unitary represent…
We investigate complex structures on twisted Hilbert spaces, with special attention paid to the Kalton-Peck $Z_2$ space and to the hyperplane problem. We consider (nontrivial) twisted Hilbert spaces generated by centralizers obtained from an interpolation scale of Köthe function spaces. We show there are always complex structures on the Hilbert space that cannot be extended to the twisted Hilbert space. If, however, the scale is formed by rearrangement invariant Köthe function spaces then there are complex structures on it that can be extended to a complex structure of the twisted Hilbert spac…
We give an elementary proof that the $H^p$ spaces over the unit disc (or the upper half plane) are the interpolation spaces for the real method of interpolation between $H^1$ and $H^\infty$. This was originally proved by Peter Jones. The proof uses only the boundedness of the Hilbert transform and the classical factorisation of a function in $H^p$ as a product of two functions in $H^q$ and $H^r$ with $1/q+1/r=1/p$. This proof extends without any real extra difficulty to the non-commutative setting and to several Banach space valued extensions of $H^p$ spaces. In particular, this proof easily e…
We study Caratheodory-Herglotz functions whose values are continuous operators from a locally convex topological space which admits the factorization property into its conjugate dual space. We show how this case can be reduced to the case of functions whose values are bounded operators from a Hilbert space into itself.
Improved upper bounds for the Berezin numbers of operators on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces
Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）；Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur（印度工程科学技术学院（希布尔））；The University of Jordan（约旦大学）；Korea University（高丽大学）
We study the interpolation and extrapolation properties of strictly singular operators between different $L_p$ spaces. To this end, the structure of strictly singular non-compact operators between $L_p-L_q$ spaces is analyzed. Among other things, we clarify the relation between strict singularity and the $L$-characteristic set of an operator. In particular, Krasnoselskii's interpolation theorem for compact operators is extended to the class of strictly singular operators.
The Schur-Agler class consists of functions over a domain satisfying an appropriate von Neumann inequality. Originally defined over the polydisk, the idea has been extended to general domains in multivariable complex Euclidean space with matrix polynomial defining function as well as to certain multivariable noncommutative-operator domains with a noncommutative linear-pencil defining function. Still more recently there has emerged a free noncommutative function theory (functions of noncommuting matrix variables respecting direct sums and similaritytransformations). The purpose of the present p…
The research monograph gives the first systematic exposition of the elliptic (scalar and matrix) operators theory and elliptic boundary-value problems in the scales of Hilbert spaces of Hörmander of the functions/distributions of arbitrary positive or negative smoothness. The book is based on the method of interpolation with a functional parameter for the abstract and Sobolev unitary spaces. Some results are also new for the Sobolev scales. The monograph is intended for the researches, professors and PhD students.
The operator space $\text{OUMD}$ property was introduced by Pisier in the context of vector-valued noncommutative $L_p$-spaces. It is an open problem whether the column Hilbert space has this property. Based on some complex interpolation techniques, we are able to relate this problem to the study of the $\text{OUMD}_q$ property for non-commutative $L_p$-spaces.
Classical interpolation inequality of the type $\|u\|_{X}\leq C\|u\|_{Y}^θ\|u\|_{Z}^{1-θ}$ is well known in the case when $X$, $Y$, $Z$ are Lebesgue spaces. In this paper we show that this result may be extended by replacing norms $\|\cdot\|_{Y}$ or $\|\cdot\|_{X}$ by suitable H\" older semi-norm. We shall even prove sharper version involving weak Lorentz norm. We apply this result to prove the Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequality for a wider scale of parameters.
We construct self-adjoint operators in the direct sum of a complex Hilbert space $H$ and a finite dimensional complex inner product space $W$. The operator theory developed in this paper for the Hilbert space $H\oplus W$ is originally motivated by some fourth-order differential operators, studied by Everitt and others, having orthogonal polynomial eigenfunctions. Generated by a closed symmetric operator $T_{0}$ in $H$ with equal and finite deficiency indices and its adjoint $T_{1}$, we define \textit{families} of minimal operators $\{\widehat{T}_{0}\}$ and maximal operators $\{\widehat{T}_{1}\…
The current work generalizes the author's previous work on the infinite-dimensional Alpha Log-Determinant (Log-Det) divergences and Alpha-Beta Log-Det divergences, defined on the set of positive definite unitized trace class operators on a Hilbert space, to the entire Hilbert manifold of positive definite unitized Hilbert-Schmidt operators. This generalization is carried out via the introduction of the extended Hilbert-Carleman determinant for unitized Hilbert-Schmidt operators, in addition to the previously introduced extended Fredholm determinant for unitized trace class operators. The resul…
We give an application of interpolation with a function parameter to parabolic differential operators. We introduce the refined anisotropic Sobolev scale that consists of some Hilbert function spaces of generalized smoothness. The latter is characterized by a real number and a function varying slowly at infinity in Karamata's sense. This scale is connected with anisotropic Sobolev spaces by means of interpolation with a function parameter. We investigate a general initial--boundary value parabolic problem in the refined Sobolev scale. We prove that the operator corresponding to this problem se…
The paper gives a detailed survey of recent results on elliptic problems in Hilbert spaces of generalized smoothness. The latter are the isotropic Hörmander spaces $H^{s,φ}:=B_{2,μ}$, with $μ(ξ)=<ξ>^{s}φ(<ξ>)$ for $ξ\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$. They are parametrized by both the real number $s$ and the positive function $φ$ varying slowly at $+\infty$ in the Karamata sense. These spaces form the refined Sobolev scale, which is much finer than the Sobolev scale ${H^{s}}\equiv{H^{s,1}}$ and is closed with respect to the interpolation with a function parameter. The Fredholm property of elliptic operators a…
An asymptotic stability result for parabolic semilinear problems in $L_2(Ω)$ and interpolation spaces is shown. Some known results about stability in $W^{1,2}(Ω)$ are improved for semilinear parabolic mixed boundary value problems. The approach is based on Amann's power extrapolation scales. In a Hilbert space setting, a better understanding of this approach is provided for operators satisfying Kato's square root problem; as a side result some equivalent characterizations of these operators are obtained.
If $\fA$ is a unital weak-$*$ closed algebra of multiplication operators on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space which has the property $\bA_1(1)$, then the cyclic invariant subspaces index a Nevanlinna-Pick family of kernels. This yields an NP interpolation theorem for a wide class of algebras. In particular, it applies to many function spaces over the unit disk including Bergman space. We also show that the multiplier algebra of a complete NP space has $\bA_1(1)$, and thus this result applies to all of its subalgebras. A matrix version of this result is also established. It applies, in particu…
The aim of this paper is to present a unified framework in the setting of Hilbert $C^*$-modules for the scalar- and vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and $C^*$-valued reproducing kernel spaces. We investigate conditionally negative definite kernels with values in the $C^*$-algebra of adjointable operators acting on a Hilbert $C^*$-module. In addition, we show that there exists a two-sided connection between positive definite kernels and reproducing kernel Hilbert $C^*$-modules. Furthermore, we explore some conditions under which a function is in the reproducing kernel module and …
We study the multiplier algebras $A(\mathcal{H})$ obtained as the closure of the polynomials on certain reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{H}$ on the ball $\mathbb{B}_d$ of $\mathbb{C}^d$. Our results apply, in particular, to the Drury-Arveson space, the Dirichlet space and the Hardy space on the ball. We first obtain a complete description of the dual and second dual spaces of $A(\mathcal H)$ in terms of the complementary bands of Henkin and totally singular measures for $\operatorname{Mult}(\mathcal{H})$. This is applied to obtain several definitive results in interpolation. In part…
We introduce a "dual-space approach" to mixed Nevanlinna-Pick/Carathéodory-Schur interpolation in Banach spaces X of holomorphic functions on the disk. Our approach can be viewed as complementary to the well-known commutant lifting approach of D. Sarason and B. Nagy-C.Foiaş. We compute the norm of the minimal interpolant in X by a version of the Hahn-Banach theorem, which we use to extend functionals defined on a subspace of kernels without increasing their norm. This Functional extensions lemma plays a similar role as Sarason's Commutant lifting theorem but it only involves the predual of X a…
Holomorphic Interpolation of Multivariate Completely Monotone Functions
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）；Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad（印度理工学院帕拉卡德分校）；University of California at Santa Barbara（加利福尼亚大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）
A boundary Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem is posed and solved in the quaternionic setting. Given nonnegative real numbers $κ_1, \ldots, κ_N$, quaternions $p_1, \ldots, p_N$ all of modulus $1$, so that the $2$-spheres determined by each point do not intersect and $p_u \neq 1$ for $u = 1,\ldots, N$, and quaternions $s_1, \ldots, s_N$, we wish to find a slice hyperholomorphic Schur function $s$ so that $$\lim_{\substack{r\rightarrow 1\\ r\in(0,1)}} s(r p_u) = s_u\quad {\rm for} \quad u=1,\ldots, N,$$ and $$\lim_{\substack{r\rightarrow 1\\ r\in(0,1)}}\frac{1-s(rp_u)\overline{s_u}}{1-r}\leκ_…
We give an equivalent expression for the $K$-functional associated to the pair of operator spaces $(R,C)$ formed by the rows and columns respectively. This yields a description of the real interpolation spaces for the pair $(M_n(R), M_n(C))$ (uniformly over $n$). More generally, the same result is valid when $M_n$ (or $B(\ell_2)$) is replaced by any semi-finite von Neumann algebra. We prove a version of the non-commutative Khintchine inequalities (originally due to Lust--Piquard) that is valid for the Lorentz spaces $L_{p,q}(τ)$ associated to a non-commutative measure $τ$, simultaneously for t…
Answering a question of Lindholm, we prove strict density inequalities for sampling and interpolation in Fock spaces of entire functions in several complex variables defined by a plurisubharmonic weight. In particular, these spaces do not admit a set that is simultaneously sampling and interpolating. To prove optimality of the density conditions, we construct sampling sets with a density arbitrarily close to the critical density. The techniques combine methods from several complex variables (estimates for $\bar \partial$) and the theory of localized frames in general reproducing kernel Hilbert…
We investigate the wavelet spaces $\mathcal{W}_{g}(\mathcal{H}_π)\subset L^{2}(G)$ arising from square integrable representations $π:G \to \mathcal{U}(\mathcal{H}_π)$ of a locally compact group $G$. We show that the wavelet spaces are rigid in the sense that non-trivial intersection between them imposes strong conditions. Moreover, we use this to derive consequences for wavelet transforms related to convexity and functions of positive type. Motivated by the reproducing kernel Hilbert space structure of wavelet spaces we examine an interpolation problem. In the setting of time-frequency analysi…
Denote by $ B_X $ the unit ball of an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space $ X. $ Let $ψ\in H(B_X),$ the space of all holomorphic functions on the unit ball $B_X,$ $φ\in S(B_X)$ the set of holomorphic self-maps of $B_X. $ Let $C_{ψ, φ}: \mathcal B_ν(B_X)$ (and $ \mathcal B_{ν,0}(B_X)$) $\to \mathcal B_μ(B_X) $ (and $ \mathcal B_{μ,0}(B_X)$) be weighted extended Cesàro operators induced by products of the extended Cesàro operator $ C_φ$ and integral operator $T_ψ.$ In this paper, we characterize the boundedness and compactness of $ C_{ψ,φ} $ via the estimates for the restrictions of $ ψ$ …
We propose a general method for finding sharp constants in the imbeddings of the Hilbert Sobolev spaces of order m defined on a n-dimensional Riemann manifold into the space of bounded continuous functions, where m>n/2. The method is based on the analysis of the asymptotics with respect to the spectral parameter of the Green's function of the elliptic operator of order 2m, the domain of the square root of which defines the norm of the corresponding Sobolev space. The cases of the n-dimensional torus and n-dimensional sphere are treated in detail, as well as some manifolds with boundary. In cer…
