在最小扩展可变光速（minimally extended varying speed of light，meVSL）模型的框架下，Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）的绝对星等和光度距离均与广义相对论（general relativity，GR）的预测存在偏差。本研究利用Pantheon+巡天的数据，在meVSL框架内评估了多种暗能量模型的合理性。暗能量的常数状态方程（equation of state，EoS）模型（ωCDM）与Chevallier-Polarski-Linder（CPL）参数化模型（ω=ω₀+ωₐ(1-a)）均显示，宇宙光速在1σ置信水平下存在潜在变化。对于Ωₘ₀=0.30、0.31和0.32且(ω₀,ωₐ)=(-1,0)的情况，ċ₀/c₀（单位：10⁻¹³ yr⁻¹）的1σ区间分别为(-8.76,-0.89)、(-11.8,3.93)和(-14.8,-6.98)。同时，对于-1.05≤ω₀≤-0.95且0.28≤Ωₘ₀≤0.32的CPL暗能量模型，ċ₀/c₀（单位：10⁻¹² yr⁻¹）的1σ区间为(-6.31,-2.98)。在红移z=3处，ωCDM模型的光速值可比当前值高0.2%~3%，CPL模型则高5%~13%。此外，除了Ωₘ₀=0.28的CPL模型外，对于所有可行模型，我们得到-25.6≤Ġ₀/G₀（单位：10⁻¹² yr⁻¹）≤-0.36；对于该特定模型，我们得到引力常数的增长速率范围为1.65≤Ġ₀/G₀（单位：10⁻¹² yr⁻¹）≤3.79。我们通过统计解释得到了一些不需要暗物质能量密度的模型，但这仅是模型参数与能量密度之间简并性的效应，并不意味着暗物质是不必要的。
英文摘要：
In the context of the minimally extended varying speed of light (meVSL) model, both the absolute magnitude and the luminosity distance of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) deviate from those predicted by general relativity (GR). Using data from the Pantheon$+$ survey, we assess the plausibility of various dark energy models within the framework of meVSL. Both the constant equation of state (EoS) of the dark energy model ($ω$CDM) and the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parameterization model ($ω= ω_0 + ω_a (1-a)$) indicate potential variations in the cosmic speed of light at the 1-$σ$ confidence level. For $Ω_{\m0} = 0.30, 0.31$, and 0.32 with $(ω_0 \,, ω_a) = (-1 \,, 0)$, the 1-$σ$ range of $\dot{c}_0/c_0 \, (10^{-13} \, \text{yr}^{-1}) $ is (-8.76 \,, -0.89), (-11.8 \,, 3.93), and (-14.8 \,, -6.98), respectively. Meanwhile, the 1-$σ$ range of $\dot{c}_0/c_0 (10^{-12} \, \text{yr}^{-1}) $ for CPL dark energy models with $-1.05 \leq ω_{0} \leq -0.95$ and $0.28 \leq Ω_{\m0} \leq 0.32$, is (-6.31\,, -2.98). The value of $c$ at $z = 3$ can exceed that of the present by $0.2 \sim 3$ \% for $ω$CDM models and $5 \sim 13$ \% for CPL models. Additionally, for viable models except for the CPL model with $Ω_{\m0} = 0.28$, we find $-25.6 \leq \dot{G}_0/G_0 \, (10^{-12} \, \text{yr}^{-1}) \leq -0.36$. For this particular model, we obtain an increasing rate of the gravitational constant within the range $1.65 \leq \dot{G}_0/G_0 \, (10^{-12} \, \text{yr}^{-1}) \leq 3.79$. We obtained some models that do not require dark matter energy density through statistical interpretation. However, this is merely an effect of the degeneracy between model parameters and energy density and does not imply that dark matter is unnecessary.
Constraints on Newton's Constant from Cosmological Observations
牛顿常数对超新星的CMB功率谱和光变曲线都有观测影响。我们用Planck数据、BAO数据和SNIa测量来约束CMB时期牛顿常数$G$的变化和PANTHEON样品的红移范围，没有发现$G$随红移变化的证据。通过引入一个自由参数$G$扩展$Λ$ CDM模型，得到了68 $\%$ C. L.处的$G =(6.65635_{-0.18560}^{+0.18766} ) \times 10^{-11} \rm m^3kg^{-1}s^{-2}$和$H_0=67.62^{+1.24}_{-1.25} $ km s $^{-1}$ Mpc $^{-1}$.来自普朗克$+$ BAO $+$未校准的万神殿。结果表明，$G$的值与CODATA 2018一致，但无法通过这种方式求解$H_0$张力。
Brans-Dicke-like field for co-varying $G$ and $c$: observational constraints
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte（北里奥格兰德联邦大学）；University of Ottawa（渥太华大学）；Universidade Federal de Alfenas（阿尔芬纳斯联邦大学）；Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica（航空技术研究所）
Three-form dark energy: constraints and multi-probe comparison with $Λ$CDM
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（IKERBASQUE 巴斯克科学基金会）；University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；Donostia International Physics Center（多诺西亚国际物理中心）
Updated Constraints on Omnipotent Dark Energy: A Comprehensive Analysis with CMB and BAO Data
University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；UNAM（墨西哥国立自治大学）；Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul（南里奥格兰德联邦大学）；Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais（巴西国家空间研究所）；Istanbul Technical University（伊斯坦布尔理工大学）；Jamia Millia Islamia（贾米亚米里亚伊斯兰大学）
Quintom Dark Energy: Future Attractor and Phantom Crossing in Light of DESI DR2 Observation
Mahidol University（玛希隆大学）；Midnapore College (Autonomous)（米德纳波尔学院（自治））；Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)（里约热内卢州立大学）；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）
Sensitivity of calibration-free DESI DR2 BAO--supernova constraints to a distance-duality tilt
Astronomy Department, Palais de la Découverte（巴黎发现宫天文系）；Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country EHU（巴斯克大学物理系）；EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country EHU（巴斯克大学EHU量子中心）；Department of Physics, University of Ioannina（约阿尼纳大学物理系）
Breaking the Dark Sector Degeneracy with Nonparametric Expansion--Growth Reconstruction
School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University（武汉大学物理科学与技术学院）；Institute of Fundamental Physics and Quantum Technology, Ningbo University（宁波大学基础物理与量子技术研究所）
