最小扩展的变光速（meVSL）模型
The minimally extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL)
AI总结：
本文提出最小扩展变光速（meVSL）模型，通过让光速仅随宇宙红移变化并保持洛伦兹不变性等物理定律，推导其宇宙学可观测量，并指出该模型可为哈勃参数测量张力提供潜在解决方案。
摘要：
尽管已经存在各种变光速（VSL）宇宙学模型，但由于它们可能违反基础物理中固有的物理定律，这些模型仍然处于主流之外。为了使VSL成为一个可行的理论，它至少应当继承狭义相对论的成功，包括麦克斯韦方程组和热力学。因此，我们采用光速 $\ ilde c$ 随宇宙时间而非局部时间变化，即 $\ ilde c[z]$，其中 $z$ 是宇宙学红移。当描述背景FLRW宇宙时，可以通过使用温度、密度和 $\ ilde c$ 等物理量来定义常时间超曲面。这是因为它们随时间演化，而宇宙的均匀性要求它们在相等的宇宙时间必须相等。$\ ilde c$ 的变化伴随着所有相关物理常数的联合变化，以满足洛伦兹不变性、热力学和Bianchi恒等式。我们将这个VSL模型称为“最小扩展的VSL（meVSL）”。我们推导了meVSL的宇宙学可观测量，并利用当前观测结果获得了对 $\ ilde c$ 变化的约束。有趣的是，除了meVSL的光度距离之外，$z$ 和所有几何距离都与广义相对论中的相同。然而，meVSL的哈勃参数被重新标度为 $H = (1+z)^{-b/4} H^{(\ m GR)}$，这可能被用作哈勃参数测量张力问题的一个解决方案。在这篇手稿中，我们提供了meVSL对各种宇宙学观测的主要影响，包括BBN、CMB、SZE、BAO、SNe、GWs、H、SL和 $Δα$。
英文摘要：
Even though there have been the various varying speed of light (VSL) cosmology models, they remain out of the mainstream because of their possible violation of physics laws built into fundamental physics. In order to be the VSL as a viable theory, it should inherit the success of special relativity including Maxwell equations and thermodynamics at least. Thus, we adopt that the speed of light, $\tilde c$ varies for the cosmic time not for the local time, i.e., $\tilde c[z]$ where $z$ is the cosmological redshift. When one describes the background FLRW universe, one can define the constant-time hypersurface by using physical quantities such as temperature, density, and $\tilde c$. It is because they evolve in time, and the homogeneity of the Universe demands that they must equal at the equal cosmic time. The variation of $\tilde c$ accompanies the joint variations of all related physical constants in order to satisfy the Lorentz invariance, thermodynamics, and Bianchi identity. We call this VSL model as a "minimally extended VSL (meVSL)". We derive cosmological observables of meVSL and obtain the constraints on the variation of $\tilde c$ by using the current observations. Interestingly, $z$ and all geometrical distances except the luminosity distance of meVSL are the same as those of general relativity. However, the Hubble parameter of meVSL is rescaled as $H = (1+z)^{-b/4} H^{(\rm GR)}$ which might be used as a solution for the tension of the Hubble parameter measurements. In this manuscript, we provide the main effects of meVSL on various cosmological observations including BBN, CMB, SZE, BAO, SNe, GWs, H, SL, and $Δα$.
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