通过宇宙学观测检验最小光速可变模型的有效性：放宽零曲率约束
Examining the validity of the minimal varying speed of light model through cosmological observations: relaxing the null curvature constraint
AI总结：
本文利用高斯过程结合SN、CC和BAO数据重构宇宙距离与年龄，独立于曲率和暗能量模型检验最小光速可变模型，发现多数情况下无光速可变证据，仅在特定先验与数据下存在轻微偏差但不具统计显著性。
摘要：
我们重新审视了光速可变的一致性检验，使用了最新的宇宙学观测数据。这项工作可作为标准宇宙学模型的新诊断方法，并用于区分 Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker 宇宙中的最小光速可变模型。我们利用 Pantheon 的 Ia 型超新星光度距离（SN）数据、来自星系微分年龄的宇宙计时器（CC）数据，以及重子声学振荡径向和横向模式的测量数据（$r$-BAO 和 $a$-BAO），部署高斯过程重构了红移范围 $0<z<2$ 内的宇宙距离和年龄。这种检验的优势在于独立于任何非零宇宙曲率假设（该假设可能与某些光速可变模型产生简并），也独立于任何暗能量模型。我们还考察了宇宙学先验对分析的影响，如 Hubble 常数、超新星绝对星等和声视界尺度。我们发现，对于大多数先验选择和数据集组合，没有光速可变假设的证据。然而，当使用 $r$-BAO 数据时，在某些特定先验选择下，红移 $z<1$ 范围内在约 $2σ$ 置信水平上出现轻微偏差；当包含 $a$-BAO 数据时，在特定重构核下 $z>1$ 范围内也出现轻微偏差。尽管如此，考虑到组合分析中相关先验的简并性以及 $a$-BAO 数据集在较高 $z$ 处的不完整性，我们不认为该结果具有统计显著性。
英文摘要：
We revisit a consistency test for the speed of light variability, using the latest cosmological observations. This exercise can serve as a new diagnostics for the standard cosmological model and distinguish between the minimal varying speed of light in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe. We deploy Gaussian processes to reconstruct cosmic distances and ages in the redshift range $0<z<2$ utilizing the Pantheon compilation of type-Ia supernova luminosity distances (SN), cosmic chronometers from differential galaxy ages (CC), and measurements of both radial and transverse modes of baryon acoustic oscillations ($r$-BAO and $a$-BAO) respectively. Such a test has the advantage of being independent of any non-zero cosmic curvature assumption - which can be degenerated with some variable speed of light models - as well as any dark energy model. We also examine the impact of cosmological priors on our analysis, such as the Hubble constant, supernova absolute magnitude, and the sound horizon scale. We find null evidence for the speed of light variability hypothesis for most choices of priors and data-set combinations. However, mild deviations are seen at $\sim 2σ$ confidence level for redshifts $z<1$ with some specific prior choices when $r$-BAO data is employed, and at $z>1$ with a particular reconstruction kernel when $a$-BAO data are included. Still, we ascribe no statistical significance to this result bearing in mind the degeneracy between the associated priors for combined analysis, and incompleteness of the $a$-BAO data set at higher $z$.
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