设 M 是一个复流形。我们证明，当 M 属于一个大的有理齐性空间类时，一个具有分裂切序列（称为分裂子流形）的紧子流形 S 是有理齐性的。此外，当 M 是不可约 Hermitian 对称时，我们证明 S 也必须是 Hermitian 对称的。我们使用的工具是 ambient 空间上全局全纯向量场的限制和投影映射 π，该映射由分裂条件诱导。全局全纯向量场的使用可能帮助我们建立一个新的方案来分类显式例子中的分裂子流形，作为例子，我们给出了在超二次曲面中具有维数≥2 的紧分裂子流形的分类的微分几何证明，该结果之前使用代数几何方法证明。
英文摘要：
Let $M$ be a complex manifold. We prove that a compact submanifold $S\subset M$ with splitting tangent sequence (called a splitting submanifold) is rational homogeneous when $M$ is in a large class of rational homogeneous spaces of Picard number one. Moreover, when $M$ is irreducible Hermitian symmetric, we prove that $S$ must be also Hermitian symmetric. The basic tool we use is the restriction and projection map $π$ of the global holomorphic vector fields on the ambient space which is induced from the splitting condition. The usage of global holomorphic vector fields may help us set up a new scheme to classify the splitting submanifolds in explicit examples, as an example we give a differential geometric proof for the classification of compact splitting submanifolds with $\dim\geq 2$ in a hyperquadric, which has been previously proven using algebraic geometry.
Smooth Schubert varieties in rational homogeneous manifolds of Picard number 1 are horospherical varieties. We characterize standard embeddings of smooth Schubert varieties in rational homogeneous manifolds of Picard number 1 by means of varieties of minimal rational tangents. In particular, we mainly consider nonhomogeneous smooth Schubert varieties in symplectic Grassmannians and in the 20-dimensional $F_4$-homogeneous manifold associated to a short simple root.
We prove rationality criteria over algebraically non-closed fields of characteristic $0$ for five out of six types of geometrically rational Fano threefolds of Picard number $1$ and geometric Picard number bigger than $1$. For the last type of such threefolds we provide a unirationality criterion and prove stable non-rationality under additional assumptions.
We speculate about an algebro-geometric proof of Harer's theorem on the rational Picard group of the moduli space of smooth complex curves. In particular, we refine the approach of Diaz and Edidin involving the Hurwitz space which parameterizes smooth covers of the projective line.
Geometric structures modeled on rational homogeneous manifolds are studied to characterize rational homogeneous manifolds and to prove their deformation rigidity. To generalize these characterizations and deformation rigidity results to quasihomogeneous varieties, we first study horospherical varieties and geometric structures modeled on horospherical varieties. Using Cartan geometry, we prove that a geometric structure modeled on a smooth projective horospherical variety of Picard number one is locally equivalent to the standard geometric structure when the geometric structure is defined on a…
We refine the notion of higher spin curves defined in terms of line bundles by Caporaso, Cornalba and Casagrande by adding the data of coherent nets of roots introduced by Jarvis in terms of torsion-free sheaves and we describe the boundary part of their moduli space. We provide then a presentation of the rational Picard group of this moduli space.
In this paper, we investigate the minimal length of chains of minimal rational curves needed to join two general points on a Fano manifold of Picard number 1. In particular, we give a sharp bound of the length by a fundamental argument. As an application, we compute the length for Fano manifolds of dimension < 8.
Kollár gave a series of examples of rational surfaces of Picard number $1$ with ample canonical divisor having cyclic singularities. In this paper, we construct several series of new examples in a geometric way, i.e., by blowing up several times inside a configuration of curves on the projective plane and then by contracting chains of rational curves. One series of our examples have the same singularities as Kollár's examples.
We determine the rational divisor class group of the moduli spaces of smooth pointed hyperelliptic curves and of their Deligne-Mumford compactification, over the field of complex numbers.
We prove that the rational Picard group of the simple Hurwitz space ${\mathcal H}_{d,g}$ is trivial for $d$ up to five. We also relate the rational Picard groups of the Hurwitz spaces to the rational Picard groups of the Severi varieties of nodal curves on Hirzebruch surfaces.
In this article, we prove that any complex smooth rational surface $X$ which has no automorphism of positive entropy has a finite number of real forms (this is especially the case if $X$ cannot be obtained by blowing up $\mathbb P^2_{\mathbb C}$ at $r\geq 10$ points). In particular, we prove that the group $\mathrm{Aut}^{\#}X$ of complex automorphisms of $X$ which act trivially on the Picard group of $X$ is a linear algebraic group defined over $\mathbb R$.
We prove that Generalized Mukai Conjecture holds for Fano manifolds $X$ of pseudoindex $i_X \ge (\dim X +3)/3$. We also give different proofs of the conjecture for Fano fourfolds and fivefolds.
Let $M \subset X$ be a submanifold of a rational homogeneous space $X$ such that the normal sequence splits. We prove that $M$ is also rational homogeneous.
Pasquier and Perrin discovered that the ${\rm G}_2$-horospherical manifold ${\bf X}$ of Picard number 1 can be realized as a smooth specialization of the rational homogeneous space parameterizing the lines on the 5-dimensional hyperquadric, in other words, it can be deformed nontrivially to the rational homogeneous space. We show that ${\bf X}$ is the only smooth projective variety with this property. This is obtained as a consequence of our main result that ${\bf X}$ can be recognized by its VMRT, namely, a Fano manifold of Picard number 1 is biregular to ${\bf X}$ if and only if its VMRT at …
We show that deformations of a surjective morphism onto a Fano manifold of Picard number 1 are unobstructed and rigid modulo the automorphisms of the target, if the variety of minimal rational tangents of the Fano manifold is non-linear or finite. The condition on the variety of minimal rational tangents holds for practically all known examples of Fano manifolds of Picard number 1, except the projective space. When the variety of minimal rational tangents is non-linear, the proof is based on an earlier result of N. Mok and the author on the birationality of the tangent map. When the varieties …
Let $X$ be an $n$-dimensional complex Fano manifolds $(n\geq 3)$. Assume that $X$ contains a divisor $A$, which is isomorphic to a rational homogeneous space with Picard number one, such that the conormal bundle $\mathscr{N}^*_{A/X}$ is ample over $A$. Building on the works of Tsukioka, Watanabe and Casagrande-Druel, we give a complete classification of such pairs $(X,A)$.
In general, not much is known about the arithmetic of K3 surfaces. Once the geometric Picard number, which is the rank of the Neron-Severi group over an algebraic closure of the base field, is high enough, more structure is known and more can be said. However, until recently not a single K3 surface was known to have geometric Picard number one. We give explicit examples of such surfaces over the rational numbers. This solves an old problem that has been attributed to Mumford. The examples we give also contain infinitely many rational points, thereby answering a question of Swinnerton-Dyer and …
We study the question whether rational homogeneous spaces are rigid under Fano deformation. In other words, given any smooth connected family f:X -> Zof Fano manifolds, if one fiber is biholomorphic to a rational homogeneous space S, whether is f an S-fibration? The cases of Picard number one were studied in a series of papers by J.-M. Hwang and N. Mok. For higher Picard number cases, we notice that the Picard number of a rational homogeneous space G/P is less or equal to the rank of G. Recently A. Weber and J. A. Wisniewski proved that rational homogeneous spaces G/P with Picard numbers equal…
Given a rational homogeneous manifold $S=G/P$ of Picard number one and a Schubert variety $S_0 $ of $S$, the pair $(S,S_0)$ is said to be homologically rigid if any subvariety of $S$ having the same homology class as $S_0$ must be a translate of $S_0$ by the automorphism group of $S$. The pair $(S,S_0)$ is said to be Schur rigid if any subvariety of $ S$ with homology class equal to a multiple of the homology class of $S_0$ must be a sum of translates of $S_0$. Earlier we completely determined homologically rigid pairs $(S,S_0)$ in case $S_0 $ is homogeneous and answered the same question in s…
Answering a problem raised by Lazarsfeld, Hwang and Mok proved that a surjective holomorphic map from a rational homogeneous space of Picard number 1 onto projective manifold different from projective space must be a biholomorphism. THe aim of this paper is to generalized this result to irreducible rational homogeneous space of higher Picard number.
We consider a rational surface with a relatively minimal fibration. Picard number of a such fibred surface is bounded in terms of the genus of a general fibre. When Picard number is the maximum for any given genus, we characterize a such fibred surface whose Mordell-Weil group is trivial by singular fibres. Furthermore, we describe the defining equation explicitly.
It is a well-known fact that families of minimal rational curves on rational homogeneous manifolds of Picard number one are uniform, in the sense that the tangent bundle to the manifold has the same splitting type on each curve of the family. In this note we prove that certain --stronger-- uniformity conditions on a family of minimal rational curves on a Fano manifold of Picard number one allow to prove that the manifold is homogeneous.
We prove that the automorphism group of an odd dimensional Calabi-Yau manifold of Picard number two is always a finite group. This makes a sharp contrast to the automorphism groups of K3 surfaces and hyperkähler manifolds and birational automorphism groups, as we shall see. We also clarify the relation between finiteness of the automorphism group (resp. birational automorphism group) and the rationality of the nef cone (resp. movable cone) for a hyperkähler manifold of Picard number two. We will also discuss a similar conjectual relation together with exsistence of rational curve, expected by …
In this paper, we study rational sections of the relative Picard scheme of a linear system on a smooth projective variety. We prove that if the linear system is basepoint-free and the locus of non-integral divisors has codimension at least two, then all rational sections of the relative Picard scheme come from restrictions of line bundles on the variety. As a consequence, we describe the group of sections of the Hitchin fibration for moduli spaces of Higgs bundles on curves.
In this paper we address Fano manifolds X with a locally unsplit dominating family of rational curves of anticanonical degree equal to the dimension of X. We first observe that their Picard number is at most 3, and then we provide a classification of all cases with maximal Picard number. We also give examples of locally unsplit dominating families of rational curves whose varieties of minimal tangents at a general point is singular.
A K3-surface is a (smooth) surface which is simply connected and has trivial canonical bundle. In these notes we investigate three particular pencils of K3-surfaces with maximal Picard number. More precisely the general member in each pencil has Picard number 19 and each pencil contains four surfaces with Picard number 20. These surfaces are obtained as the minimal resolution of quotients X/G, where $G\subset SO(4,\R)$ is some finite subgroup and $X\subset ¶_3(\C)$ denotes a G-invariant surface. The singularities of X/G come from fix points of G on X or from singularities of X. In any case the…
We study invariant divisors on the total spaces of the homogeneous deformations of rational complexity-one T-varieties constructed by Ilten and Vollmert. In particular, we identify a natural subgroup of the Picard group for any general fiber of such a deformation, which is canonically isomorphic to the Picard group of the special fiber. This isomorphism preserves Euler characteristic, intersection numbers, and the canonical class.
We solve the Picard number problem for complex quintic surfaces by proving that every number between 1 and 45 occurs as Picard number of a quintic surface over the rationals. Our main technique consists in arithmetic deformations of Delsarte surfaces, but we also use K3 surfaces and wild automorphisms.
We show that three problems involving linear difference equations with rational function coefficients are essentially equivalent. The first problem is the generalization of the classical Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem to rational function coefficients. The second problem is the question whether or not for a given linear difference equation there exists a Picard-Vessiot extension inside the ring of sequences. The third problem is a certain special case of the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture. This allows us to deduce solutions to the first two problems in a particular but fairly general special ca…
We study the structure of rational Picard groups of hypersurfaces of toric varieties. By using the fan structure associated to the ambient toric variety, an explicit basis of the Picard group is described by certain combinatorial data. We shall also discuss the application to Calabi-Yau spaces.
We study the birational geometry of a Fano 4-fold X from the point of view of Mori dream spaces; more precisely, we study rational contractions of X. Here a rational contraction is a rational map f: X-->Y, where Y is normal and projective, which factors as a finite sequence of flips, followed by a surjective morphism with connected fibers. Such f is called elementary if the difference of the Picard numbers of X and Y is 1. We first give a characterization of non-movable prime divisors in X, when X has Picard number at least 6; this is related to the study of birational and divisorial elementar…
We describe properties of the Kähler cone of general Calabi-Yau-threefolds with Picard number $ρ(X)=2$ and prove the rationality of the Kähler cone, if $X$ is a Calabi-Yau-hypersurface in a ${\mathbb P}^2$-bundle over ${\mathbb P}^2$ and $c_3(X)\le -54$. Without the latter assumption we prove the positivity of $c_2(X)$.
A relation between the number of rational curves of fixed degree on Calabi Yau threefolds and the Picard Fuchs equations, which was suggested as part of the study of mirror symmetry, is verified in the case of complete intersection of two cubics and lines.
We give a classification of embedded smooth projective varieties swept out by rational homogeneous varieties whose Picard number and codimension are one.
Recently, Kanemitsu has discovered a counterexample to the long-standing conjecture that the tangent bundle of a Fano manifold of Picard number one is (semi)stable. His counterexample is a smooth horospherical variety. There is a weaker conjecture that the tangent bundle of a Fano manifold of Picard number one is simple. We prove that this weaker conjecture is valid for smooth horospherical varieties of Picard number one. Our proof follows from the existence of an irreducible family of unbendable rational curves whose tangent vectors span the tangent spaces of the horospherical variety at gene…
In this paper, we consider a natural question how many minimal rational curves are needed to join two general points on a Fano manifold X of Picard number 1. In particular, we study the minimal length of such chains in the cases where the dimension of X is at most 5, the coindex of X is at most 3 and X equips with a structure of a double cover. As an application, we give a better bound on the degree of Fano 5-folds of Picard number 1.
We classify Galois actions on Picard lattices of del Pezzo surfaces of degrees 1,2, and 3 giving rise to minimal surfaces with no cohomological obstructions to stable rationality.
In this paper, we study rational sections of the relative Picard variety of a linear system on a smooth projective variety. Specifically, we prove that if the linear system is basepoint-free and the locus of non-integral divisors has codimension at least two, then all rational sections of the relative Picard variety come from restrictions of line bundles on the variety.
Nirenberg and Spencer posed the question whether the germ of a compact complex submanifold in a complex manifold is determined by its infinitesimal neighborhood of finite order when the normal bundle is sufficiently positive. To study the problem for a larger class of submanifolds, including free rational curves, we reformulate the question in the setting of families of submanifolds and their infinitesimal neighborhoods. When the submanifolds have no nonzero vector fields, we prove that it is sufficient to consider only first-order neighborhoods to have an affirmative answer to the reformulate…
We continue the study of the rational Picard group of the moduli space of Hitchin's spectral covers started in P. Zograf's and D. Korotkin's work [11]. In the first part of the paper we expand the ``boundary'', ``Maxwell stratum'' and ``caustic'' divisors introduced in [11] via the set of standard generators of the rational Picard group. This generalizes the result of [11], where the expansion of the full discriminant divisor (which is a linear combination of the classes mentioned above) was obtained. In the second part of the paper we derive a formula that relates two Hodge classes in the rat…
We propose a conjectural list of Fano manifolds of Picard number $1$ with pseudoeffective normalized tangent bundles, which we prove in various situations by relating it to the complete divisibility conjecture of Russo and Zak on varieties with small codegree. Furthermore, the pseudoeffective thresholds and hence the pseudoeffective cones of the projectivized tangent bundles of rational homogeneous spaces of Picard number $1$ are explicitly determined by studying the total dual VMRT and the geometry of stratified Mukai flops. As a by-product, we obtain sharp vanishing theorems on the global tw…
We prove the rationality of the Kähler cone and the positivity of $c_2(X)$, if $X$ is a Calabi-Yau-threefold with $ρ(X)=2$ and has an embedding into a ${\bb P}^n$-bundle over ${\bb P}^m$ in the cases $(n,m)=(1,3),(3,1)$. The case $(n,m)=(2,2)$ has been done in the first part of this paper. Moreover, if $(n,m)=(3,1)$, we describe the 'other' contraction different from the projection.
In this short note we give a characterization of smooth projective varieties of Picard number one that are separably uniruled but not separably rationally connected. We also give a sufficient condition involving the torsion order and the uniruling index for a smooth Fano variety of Picard number one to be separably rationally connected. As an application, we prove some weak approximation results for Fano complete intersections in positive charactersitic. For example, we show that weak approximation holds at place of strong potentially good reduction for a Fano complete intersection in $\mathbb…
We give a complete classification of smooth, complex projective Fano 4-folds of Picard number 3 having a prime divisor of Picard number 1. They form 28 distinct families, and we compute the main numerical invariants, study the base locus of the anticanonical divisor, and give a comment on rationality. Furthermore, we give an upper bound of both the dimension of the automorphism group and the dimension of the base of the Kuranishi family of a general member.
We show that projective K3 surfaces with odd Picard rank contain infinitely many rational curves. Our proof extends the Bogomolov-Hassett-Tschinkel approach, i.e., uses moduli spaces of stable maps and reduction to positive characteristic.
We have recently proved a homological stability theorem for moduli spaces of r-Spin Riemann surfaces, which in particular implies a Madsen--Weiss theorem for these moduli spaces. This allows us to effectively study their stable cohomology, and to compute their stable rational cohomology and their integral Picard groups. Using these methods we give a complete description of their integral Picard groups for genus at least 9 in terms of geometrically defined generators, and determine the relations between them.
