In a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{\mathbf{N}}$ we consider a selfadjoint operator $\mathbf{T}=\mathfrak{A}^*P\mathfrak{A} ,$ where $\mathfrak{A}$ is a pseudodifferential operator of order $-l=-\mathbf{N}/2$ and $P=Vμ_Σ$ is a singular signed measure in $Ω$ concentrated on a Lipschitz surface $Σ$ of dimension $d<\mathbf{N}$, absolutely continuous with respect to the surface measure $μ_Σ$ on $Σ$. We establish eigenvalue estimates and asymptotics for this operator. It turns out that the order of these estimates and asymptotics is independent of the dimension $d$ of the surface. If there are several surfaces, possibly, of different dimensions, as well as an absolute continuous measure on $Ω$ the corresponding asymptotic coefficients add up.
We study the dynamics of resonances of analytic perturbations of 0th order pseudodifferential operators $P(s)$. In particular, we prove a Fermi golden rule for resonances of $P(s)$ at embedded eigenvalues of $P=P(0)$. We also study the dynamics of eigenvalues of $P(t)=P+itΔ$ as the eigenvalues converge to simple eigenvalues of $P$. The 0th order pseudodifferential operators we consider satisfy natural dynamical assumptions and are used as microlocal models of internal waves.
For a class of zero order pseudodifferential operators we find the asymptotics of eigenvalues converging to a non-isolated tip of the essential spectrum.
We prove the spectral invariance of the algebra of classical pseudodifferential boundary value problems on manifolds with conical singularities in the Lp-setting. As a consequence we also obtain the spectral invariance of the classical Boutet de Monvel algebra of zero order operators with parameters. In order to establish these results, we show the equivalence of Fredholm property and ellipticity for both cases.
Starting out from a new description of a class of parameter-dependent pseudodifferential operators with finite regularity number due to G. Grubb, we introduce a calculus of parameter-dependent, poly-homogeneous symbols whose homogeneous components have a particular type of point-singularity in the covariable-parameter space. Such symbols admit intrinsically a second kind of expansion which is closely related to the expansion in the Grubb-Seeley calculus and permits to recover the resolvent-trace expansion for elliptic pseudodifferential oerators originally proved by Grubb-Seeley. Another appli…
We prove rapid decay (even exponential decay under some stronger assumptions) of the eigenfunctions associated to discrete eigenvalues, for a class of self-adjoint operators in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ defined by ``magnetic'' pseudodifferential operators (studied in \cite{IMP1}). This class contains the relativistic Schrödinger operator with magnetic field.
Let $H$ be a self-adjoint isotropic elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order $2$. Denote by $u(t)$ the solution of the Schrödinger equation $(i\partial_t - H)u = 0$ with initial data $u(0) = u_0$. If $u_0$ is compactly supported the solution $u(t)$ is smooth for small $t > 0$, but not for all $t$. We determine the wavefront set of $u(t)$ in terms of the wavefront set of $u_0$ and the principal and subprincipal symbol of $H$.
Consider an elliptic self-adjoint pseudodifferential operator $A$ acting on $m$-columns of half-densities on a closed manifold $M$, whose principal symbol is assumed to have simple eigenvalues. Relying on a basis of pseudodifferential projections commuting with $A$, we construct an almost-unitary pseudodifferential operator that diagonalizes $A$ modulo an infinitely smoothing operator. We provide an invariant algorithm for the computation of its full symbol, as well as an explicit closed formula for its subprincipal symbol. Finally, we give a quantitative description of the relation between th…
The paper studies the solvability for square systems of pseudodifferential operators. We assume that the system is of principal type, i.e., the principal symbol vanishes of first order on the kernel. We shall also assume that the eigenvalues of the principal symbol close to zero have constant multiplicity. We prove that local solvability for the system is equivalent to condition (PSI) on the eigenvalues of the principal symbol. This condition rules out any sign changes from - to + of the imaginary part of the eigenvalue when going in the positive direction on the bicharacteristics of the real …
We develop a singular pseudodifferential calculus. The symbols that we consider do not satisfy the standard decay with respect to the frequency variables. We thus adopt a strategy based on the Calderon-Vaillancourt Theorem. The remainders in the symbolic calculus are bounded operators on $L^2$, whose norm is measured with respect to some small parameter. Our main improvement with respect to an earlier work by Williams consists in showing a regularization effect for the remainders. Due to a nonstandard decay in the frequency variables, the regularization takes place in a scale of anisotropic, a…
We consider a specific class of manifolds with singularities, namely, stratified manifolds, and describe a class of pseudodifferential operators (PsiDO) related to differential operators with degeneration of first-order with respect to the distance to the strata on such manifolds. (For manifolds with isolated singularities, this is a Fuchs type degeneration.) We restrict ourselves to the case of zero-order operators in L^2 spaces. The definition of PsiDO adopted in our approach uses induction over the number of strata in the manifold. The induction process naturally involves PsiDO with paramet…
In a domain $Ω\subseteq \mathbb{R}^\mathbf{N}$ we consider compact, Birman-Schwinger type, operators of the form $\mathbf{T}_{P,\mathfrak{A}}=\mathfrak{A}^*P\mathfrak{A}$; here $P$ is a singular Borel measure in $Ω$ and $\mathfrak{A}$ is a noncritical order $-l\ne -\mathbf{N}/2$ pseudodifferential operator. For a class of such operators, we obtain estimates and a proper version of H.Weyl's asymptotic law for eigenvalues, with order depending on dimensional characteristics of the measure. A version of the CLR estimate for singular measures is proved. For non-selfadjoint operators of the form $P…
Consider an elliptic self-adjoint pseudodifferential operator $A$ acting on $m$-columns of half-densities on a closed manifold $M$, whose principal symbol is assumed to have simple eigenvalues. We show existence and uniqueness of $m$ orthonormal pseudodifferential projections commuting with the operator $A$ and provide an algorithm for the computation of their full symbols, as well as explicit closed formulae for their subprincipal symbols. Pseudodifferential projections yield a decomposition of $L^2(M)$ into invariant subspaces under the action of $A$ modulo $C^\infty(M)$. Furthermore, they a…
Motivated by the work of Colin de Verdière and Saint-Raymond on spectral theory 0th order pseudodifferential operators on tori we consider viscosity limits in which 0th order operators $ P $ are replaced by $ P + i νΔ$, $ ν> 0 $. By adapting the Helffer--Sjöstrand theory of scattering resonances we show that in a complex neighbourhood of the continuous spectrum eigenvalues of $ P + i νΔ$ have limits as viscosity $ ν$ goes to 0. In the simplified setting of tori this justifies claims made in the physics literature.
Let $G\subset Ø(n)$ be a compact group of isometries acting on $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\R^n$, and ${\bf{X}}$ a bounded domain in $\R^n$ which is transformed into itself under the action of $G$. Consider a symmetric, classical pseudodifferential operator $A_0$ in $Ł^2(\R^n)$ that commutes with the regular representation of $G$, and assume that it is elliptic on $\bf{X}$. We show that the spectrum of the Friedrichs extension $A$ of the operator $\mathrm{res} \circ A_0 \circ \mathrm{ext}: \CT({\bf{X}}) \to Ł^2({\bf{X}})$ is discrete, and using the method of the stationary phase, we deriv…
In the first part of the paper the authors study the minimal and maximal extension of a class of weighted pseudodifferential operators in the Fréchet space $L^p_{\rm loc}(Ω)$. In the second one non homogeneous microlocal properties are introduced and propagation of Sobolev singularities for solutions to (pseudo)differential equations is given. For both the arguments actual examples are provided.
Motivated by the theory of bi-singular pseudodifferential operators, we introduce a two dimensional version of the Adler-Manin trace. Our construction is rather general in the sense that it involves a twist afforded by an algebra automorphism. That is, starting from an algebra equipped with an automorphism, two twisted derivations, and a twisted invariant trace, we construct an algebra of formal twisted pseudodifferential symbols and define a noncommutative residue. Also, we provide related examples.
On the solvability of the mixed problem for a fractional-order equation with a time-delay argument and pseudodifferential operators with non-local boundary conditions in Sobolev classes
We prove equivariant spectral asymptotics for $ h$-pseudodifferential operators for compact orthogonal group actions generalizing results of El-Houakmi and Helffer (1991) and Cassanas (2006). Using recent results for certain oscillatory integrals with singular critical sets (Ramacher 2010) we can deduce a weak equivariant Weyl law. Furthermore, we can prove a complete asymptotic expansion for the Gutzwiller trace formula without any additional condition on the group action by a suitable generalization of the dynamical assumptions on the Hamilton flow.
In this paper we consider 0-th order pseudodifferential operators on the circle. We show that inside any interval disjoint from critical values of the principal symbol, the spectrum is absolutely continuous with possibly finitely many embedded eigenvalues. We also give an example of embedded eigenvalues.
Let $G\subset Ø(n)$ be a group of isometries acting on $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\R^n$, and ${\bf{X}}$ a bounded domain in $\R^n$ which is transformed into itself under the action of G. Consider a symmetric, classical pseudodifferential operator A_0 in $Ł^2(\R^n)$ with G-invariant Weyl symbol, and assume that it is semi-bounded from below. We show that the spectrum of the Friedrichs extension A of the operator $\mathrm{res} \circ A_0 \circ \mathrm{ext}: \CT({\bf{X}}) \to Ł^2({\bf{X}})$ is discrete, and derive asymptotics for the number $N_χ(λ)$ of eigenvalues of A less or equal $λ$ and …
We consider quite general $h$-pseudodifferential operators on $R^n$ with small random perturbations and show that in the limit of small $h$ the eigenvalues are distributed according to a Weyl law with a probabality that tends to 1. The first author has previously obtained a similar result in dimension 1. Our class of perturbations is different.
In this note we compare two recent results about the distribution of eigenvalues for semi-classical pseudodifferential operators in two dimensions. For classes of analytic operators A. Melin and the author obtained a complex Bohr-Sommerfeld rule, showing that the eigenvalues are situated on a distorted lattice. On the other hand, with M. Hager we showed in any dimension that Weyl asymptotics holds with probability close to 1 for small random perturbations of the operator. In both cases the eigenvalues distribute to leading order according two smooth densities and we show here that the two dens…
We establish sharp $L^2$-Sobolev estimates for classes of pseudodifferential operators with singular symbols whose non-pseudodifferential (Fourier integral operator) parts exhibit two-sided fold singularities. The operators considered include both singular integral operators along curves in $R^2$ with simple inflection points and normal operators arising in linearized seismic imaging in the presence of fold caustics.
We are consider domains in cotangent bundles with the property that the null foliation of their boundary is fibrating and the leaves satisfy a Bohr-Sommerfeld condition (for example, the unit disk bundle of a Zoll metric). Given such a domain, we construct an algebra of associated semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with singular symbols. The Schwartz kernels of the operators have frequency set contained in the union of the diagonal and the flow-out of the null foliation of the boundary of the domain. We develop a symbolic calculus, prove the existence of projectors (under a mild additi…
We introduce and study a "desingularization" of a Lie groupoid $G$ along an "$A(G)$-tame" submanifold $L$ of the space of units $M$. An $A(G)$-tame submanifold $L \subset M$ is one that has, by definition, a tubular neighborhood on which $A(G)$ becomes a thick pull-back Lie algebroid. The construction of the desingularization $[[G:L]]$ of $G$ along $L$ is based on a canonical fibered pull-back groupoid structure result for $G$ in a neighborhood of the tame $A(G)$-submanifold $L \subset M$. This local structure result is obtained by integrating a certain groupoid morphism, using results of Moer…
In a recent paper O. Gannot and M. Wrochna considered the Klein-Gordon equation on an asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime subject to Robin boundary conditions, proving in particular a propagation of singularity theorem. In this work we generalize their result considering a more general class of boundary conditions implemented on the conformal boundary via pseudodifferential operators of suitable order. Using techniques proper of $b$-calculus and of twisted Sobolev spaces, we prove also for the case in hand a propagation of singularity theorem along generalized broken bicharacteristics, hig…
Let L^\star be a filtered algebra of abstract pseudodifferential operators equipped with a notion of ellipticity, and T^\star be a subalgebra of operators of the form P_1AP_0, where P_0 and P_1 are two projections. The elements of L^\star act as linear continuous operators in certain scales of abstract Sobolev spaces, the elements of the subalgebra in the corresponding subspaces determined by the projections. We study how the ellipticity in L^\star descends to T^\star, focusing on parametrix construction, Fredholm property, and homogeneous principal symbols. Applications concern SG-pseudodiffe…
In this paper, by explicitly calculating the principal symbols of pseudodifferential operators and by applying Hömander's spectral function theorem, we obtain the Weyl-type asymptotic formulas with sharp remainder estimates for the counting functions of the two classes of biharmonic Steklov eigenvalues $λ_k$ and $μ_k$ in a smooth bounded domain of a Riemannian manifold. This solves a longstanding challenging problem.
The paper studies the local solvability and subellipticity for square systems of principal type. These are the systems for which the principal symbol vanishes of first order on its kernel. For systems of principal type having constant characteristics, local solvability is equivalent to condition (PSI) on the eigenvalues, see arXiv:0801.4043. This is a condition on the sign changes of the imaginary part of the eigenvalue along the oriented bicharacteristics of the real part. In the generic case when the principal symbol does not have constant characteristics, condition (PSI) is not sufficient, …
Some results of microlocal continuity for pseudodifferential operators whose non regular symbols belong to weighted Fourier Lebesgue spaces are given. Inhomogeneous local and microlocal propagation of singularities of Fourier Lebesgue type are then studied, with applications to some classes of semilinear equations.
A classical pseudodifferential operator $P$ on $R^n$ satisfies the $μ$-transmission condition relative to a smooth open subset $Ω$, when the symbol terms have a certain twisted parity on the normal to $\partialΩ$. As shown recently by the author, the condition assures solvability of Dirichlet-type boundary problems for elliptic $P$ in full scales of Sobolev spaces with a singularity $d^{μ-k}$, $d(x)=\operatorname{dist}(x,\partialΩ)$. Examples include fractional Laplacians $(-Δ)^a$ and complex powers of strongly elliptic PDE. We now introduce new boundary conditions, of Neumann type or more gen…
Consider an elliptic self-adjoint pseudodifferential operator $A$ acting on $m$-columns of half-densities on a closed manifold $M$, whose principal symbol is assumed to have simple eigenvalues. We show that the spectrum of $A$ decomposes, up to an error with superpolynomial decay, into $m$ distinct series, each associated with one of the eigenvalues of the principal symbol of $A$. These spectral results are then applied to the study of propagation of singularities in hyperbolic systems. The key technical ingredient is the use of the carefully devised pseudodifferential projections introduced i…
Let $P$ be a classical pseudodifferential operator of complex order $m$ on an $n$-dimensional smooth manifold $Ω_1$. For the truncation $P_Ω$ to a smooth subset $Ω$ there is a well-known theory of boundary value problems when $P_Ω$ has the transmission property (preserves $C^\infty (\barΩ)$) and is of integer order; the calculus of Boutet de Monvel. Many interesting operators, such as for example complex powers of the Laplacian $(-Δ)^μ$ with noninteger mu, are not covered. They have instead the mu-transmission property defined in Hörmander's books, mapping $x_n^μC^\infty (\barΩ)$ into $C^\inft…
One way to geometrically encode the singularities of a stratified pseudomanifold is to endow its interior with an iterated fibred cusp metric. For such a metric, we develop and study a pseudodifferential calculus generalizing the Φ-calculus of Mazzeo and Melrose. Our starting point is the observation, going back to Melrose, that a stratified pseudomanifold can be `resolved' into a manifold with fibred corners. This allows us to define pseudodifferential operators as conormal distributions on a suitably blown-up double space. Various symbol maps are introduced, leading to the notion of full ell…
We construct a Boutet de Monvel calculus for general pseudodifferential boundary value problems defined on a broad class of non-compact manifolds, the class of so-called Lie manifolds with boundary. It is known that this class of non-compact manifolds can be used to model many classes of singular manifolds.
We introduce a calculus for parameter-dependent singular Green operators on the half-space $\mathbb{R}^n_+$ that combines both elements of Grubb's calculus for boundary value problems of finite regularity and techniques of Schulze's calculus for pseudodifferential operators on manifolds with edges.
In this article, we shall construct the resolvent of Laplacian at high energies near the spectrum on non-product conic manifolds with a single cone tip. Microlocally, the resolvent kernel is the sum of b-pseudodifferential operators, scattering pseudodifferential operators and intersecting Legendrian distributions. As an application, we shall establish Strichartz estimates for Schrödinger equations on non-compact manifolds with multiple non-product conic singularities.
For a class of non-selfadjoint $h$--pseudodifferential operators with double characteristics, we give a precise description of the spectrum and establish accurate semiclassical resolvent estimates in a neighborhood of the origin. Specifically, assuming that the quadratic approximations of the principal symbol of the operator along the double characteristics enjoy a partial ellipticity property along a suitable subspace of the phase space, namely their singular space, we give a precise description of the spectrum of the operator in an ${\cal O}(h)$--neighborhood of the origin. Moreover, when al…
We study the distribution of eigenvalues for selfadjoint $h$--pseudodifferential operators in dimension two, arising as perturbations of selfadjoint operators with a periodic classical flow. When the strength $\varepsilon$ of the perturbation is $\ll h$, the spectrum displays a cluster structure, and assuming that $\varepsilon \gg h^2$ (or sometimes $\gg h^{N_0}$, for $N_0 >1$ large), we obtain a complete asymptotic description of the individual eigenvalues inside subclusters, corresponding to the regular values of the leading symbol of the perturbation, averaged along the flow.
We study the distribution of eigenvalues for non-selfadjoint perturbations of selfadjoint semiclassical analytic pseudodifferential operators in dimension two, assuming that the classical flow of the unperturbed part is completely integrable. An asymptotic formula of Weyl type for the number of eigenvalues in a spectral band, bounded from above and from below by levels corresponding to Diophantine invariant Lagrangian tori, is established. The Weyl law is given in terms of the long time averages of the leading non-selfadjoint perturbation along the classical flow of the unperturbed part.
We study the microlocal kernel of h-pseudodifferential operators P(x,hD)-z, where z belongs to some neighborhood of size O(h) of a critical value of its principal symbol. We suppose that this critical value corresponds to a hyperbolic fixed point of the associated Hamiltonian flow. First we describe propagation of singularities at such a hyperbolic fixed point, both in the analytic and in the smooth category. In both cases, we show that the null solution is the only element of this microlocal kernel which vanishes on the stable incoming manifold, but for energies z in some discrete set. For en…
This is a introductory course focusing some basic notions in pseudodifferential operators ($Ψ$DOs) and microlocal analysis. We start this lecture notes with some notations and necessary preliminaries. Then the notion of symbols and $Ψ$DOs are introduced. In Chapter 3 we define the oscillatory integrals of different types. Chapter 4 is devoted to the stationary phase lemmas. One of the features of the lecture is that the stationary phase lemmas are proved for not only compactly supported functions but also for more general functions with certain order of smoothness and certain order of growth a…
We study semiclassical asymptotics for spectra of non-selfadjoint perturbations of selfadjoint analytic $h$-pseudodifferential operators in dimension 2, assuming that the classical flow of the unperturbed part is completely integrable. Complete asymptotic expansions are established for all individual eigenvalues in suitable regions of the complex spectral plane, near the edges of the spectral band, coming from rational flow-invariant Lagrangian tori.
We study a semiclassical random walk with respect to a probability measure with a finite number n_0 of wells. We show that the associated operator has exactly n_0 exponentially close to 1 eigenvalues (in the semiclassical sense), and that the other are O(h) away from 1. We also give an asymptotic of these small eigenvalues. The key ingredient in our approach is a general factorization result of pseudodifferential operators, which allows us to use recent results on the Witten Laplacian.
Let $Γ$ be a compact group acting on a smooth, compact manifold $M$, let $P \in ψ^m(M; E_0, E_1)$ be a $Γ$-invariant, classical pseudodifferential operator acting between sections of two equivariant vector bundles $E_i \to M$, $i = 0,1$, and let $α$ be an irreducible representation of the group $Γ$. Then $P$ induces a map $π_α(P) : H^s(M; E_0)_α\to H^{s-m}(M; E_1)_α$ between the $α$-isotypical components of the corresponding Sobolev spaces of sections. When $Γ$ is finite, we explicitly characterize the operators $P$ for which the map $π_α(P)$ is Fredholm in terms of the principal symbol of $P$…
An approach to the construction of index formulas for elliptic operators on singular manifolds is suggested on the basis of K-theory of algebras and cyclic cohomology. The equivalence of Toeplitz and pseudodifferential quantizations, well known in the case of smooth closed manifolds, is extended to the case of manifolds with conical singularities. We describe a general construction that permits one, for a given Toeplitz quantization of a C^*-algebra, to obtain a new equivalent Toeplitz quantization provided that a resolution of the projection determining the original quantization is given.
In this note we address the continuity of strongly singular Calderón-Zygmund operators on Hardy-Morrey spaces $\mathcal{HM}_{q}^λ(\mathbb{R}^n)$, assuming weaker integral conditions on the associated kernel. Important examples that falls into this scope are pseudodifferential operators on the Hörmander classes $OpS^{m}_{σ,μ}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $0<σ\leq 1$, $0 \leq μ<1$, $μ\leq σ$ and $m\leq -n(1-σ)/2$.
This paper consists of two parts. In the first part we show that in odd dimension, as well as in even dimension below the critical weight (i.e. half the dimension), the logarithmic singularities of Schwartz kernels and Green kernels of conformal invariant pseudodifferential operators are linear combinations of Weyl conformal invariants, i.e., of local conformal invariants arising from complete tensorial contractions of the covariant derivatives of the Lorentz ambient metric of Fefferman-Graham. In even dimension and above the critical weight exceptional local conformal invariants may further c…
The aim of this paper is to provide uniform estimates for the eigenvalue spacings of one-dimensional semiclassical Schrödinger operators with singular potentials on the half-line. We introduce a new development of semiclassical measures related to families of Schrödinger operators that provides a means of establishing uniform non-concentration estimates within that class of operators. This dramatically simplifies analysis that would typically require detailed WKB expansions near the turning point, near the singular point and several gluing type results to connect various regions in the domain.
We study spectral asymptotics for small non-selfadjoint perturbations of selfadjoint $h$-pseudodifferential operators in dimension 2, assuming that the classical flow of the unperturbed part possesses several invariant Lagrangian tori enjoying a Diophantine property. We get complete asymptotic expansions for all eigenvalues in certain rectangles in the complex plane in two different cases: in the first case, we assume that the strength $ε$ of the perturbation is ${\cal O}(h^δ)$ for some $δ>0$ and is bounded from below by a fixed positive power of $h$. In the second case, $ε$ is assumed to be s…
R. B. Melrose's b-calculus provides a framework for dealing with problems of partial differential equations that arise in singular or degenerate geometric situations. This article is a somewhat informal short course introducing many of the basic ideas of this world, assuming little more than a basic analysis and manifold background. As examples, classical pseudodifferential operators on manifolds and b-pseudodifferential (also known as totally characteristic) operators on manifolds with boundary are discussed.
For a class of non-selfadjoint semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with double characteristics, we study bounds for resolvents and estimates for low lying eigenvalues. Specifically, assuming that the quadratic approximations of the principal symbol of the operator along the double characteristics enjoy a partial ellipticity property along a suitable subspace of the phase space, namely their singular space, we establish semiclassical hypoelliptic a priori estimates with a loss of the full power of the semiclassical parameter, giving a localization for the low lying spectral values of the…
In some previous papers we have defined and studied a 'magnetic' pseudodifferential calculus as a gauge covariant generalization of the Weyl calculus when a magnetic field is present. In this paper we extend the standard Fourier Integral Operators Theory to the case with a magnetic field, proving composition theorems, continuity theorems in 'magnetic' Sobolev spaces and Egorov type theorems. The main application is the representation of the evolution group generated by a 1-st order 'magnetic' pseudodifferential operator (in particular the relativistic Schrödinger operator with magnetic field) …
We study a nonlinear, nonlocal eigenvalue problem driven by the fractional p-Laplacian with an indefinite, singular weight chosen in an optimal class. We prove the existence of an unbounded sequence of positive variational eigenvalues and alternative characterizations of the first and second eigenvalues. Then, by means of such characterizations, we prove strict decreasing monotonicity of such eigenvalues with respect to the weight function.
