Fernando Argentieri
Let $γ\in(0;\frac{1}{2}),τ\geq 1$ and define the "$γ,τ$ Diophantine set" as: $$D_{γ, τ}:=\{α\in (0;1): ||qα||\geq\fracγ{q^τ}\quad\forall q\in\Bbb{N}\},\qquad ||x||:=\inf_{p\in\Bbb{Z}}|x-p|.$$ We analyze the topology of these sets and we show that generally they have isolated points.
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Isolated Diophantine numbers
该研究探讨丢番图数的拓扑结构，构造出同丢番图常数下的孤立丢番图数显式例子，证明丢番图集未必是康托集，并简述了这类孤立数的一般性质。
Let $γ\in(0;\frac{1}{2}),τ\geq 1$ and define the "$γ,τ$ Diophantine set" as: $$D_{γ,τ}:=\{α\in (0;1): ||qα||\geq\fracγ{q^τ}\quad\forall q\in\Bbb{N}\},\qquad||x||:=\inf_{p\in\Bbb{Z}}|x-p|. $$ In this paper we study the topology of these sets and we show that, for large $τ$ and for almost all $γ>0$, $D_{γ,τ}$ is a Cantor set.
We prove that these Cantor sets are made up of transcendental numbers, apart from their endpoints $0$ and $1$, under some arithmetical assumptions on the data. To that purpose, we establish a criterion of linear independence over the field of algebraic numbers for the three numbers $1$, a characteristic Sturmian number, and an arbitrary Sturmian number with the same slope.
A dimensional mass transference principle from balls to open sets and applications to dynamical Diophantine approximation
本文提出了一种从球体到开集的维度质量转移原理，用于解决动力学迪奥菲尼逼近中的缩小目标问题，并揭示了热力学正式主义与该领域的新联系。
In this paper we study a family of limsup sets that are defined using iterated function systems. Our main result is an analogue of Khintchine's theorem for these sets. We then apply this result to the topic of intrinsic Diophantine Approximation on self-similar sets. In particular, we define a new height function for an element of $\mathbb{Q}^d$ contained in a self-similar set in terms of its eventually periodic representations. For limsup sets defined with respect to this height function, we obtain a detailed description of their metric properties. The results of this paper hold in arbitrary …
Let (X,d) be a metric space and (Ω, d) a compact subspace of X which supports a non-atomic finite measure m. We consider `natural' classes of badly approximable subsets of Ω. Loosely speaking, these consist of points in Ωwhich `stay clear' of some given set of points in X. The classical set \Bad of `badly approximable' numbers in the theory of Diophantine approximation falls within our framework as do the sets \Bad(i,j) of simultaneously badly approximable numbers. Under various natural conditions we prove that the badly approximable subsets of Ωhave full Hausdorff dimension. Applications of o…
Slow polynomial mixing, dynamical Borel-Cantelli lemma and Hausdorff dimension of dynamical diophantine sets
本文针对缓慢的多项式混合系统，建立了动力学Borel-Cantelli引理与特定动力学丢番图集Hausdorff维数的最优性结果。
Inhomogeneous Diophantine Approximation on $M_0$-sets
本文在 M_0-集上建立了带约束分母的定量 Schmidt 型逼近定理，通过分母增长与 Rajchman 测度傅里叶变换衰减之间的平衡条件，得到非齐次 Khintchine-Järnik 型结果及交集 Hausdorff 维数下界。
Using the variational principle in parametric geometry of numbers, we compute the Hausdorff and packing dimension of Diophantine sets related to exponents of Diophantine approximation, and their intersections. In particular, we extend a result of Jarník and Besicovitch to intermediate exponents.
This note pushes further the discussion about relations between Dirichlet improvable, badly approximable and singular points held in recent joint work with Beresnevich, Guan, Velani and Ramirez, by considering Diophantine sets extending the notion of badly approximability.
We show that the sets of weighted badly approximable vectors in $\Bbb R^n$ are winning sets of certain games, which are modifications of $(α,β)$-games introduced by W. Schmidt in 1966. The latter winning property is stable with respect to countable intersections, and is shown to imply full Hausdorff dimension.
Except for a limited number of cases, a complete classification of the Diophantine sets of polynomial rings and fields of rational functions seems out of reach at present. We contribute to this problem by proving that several natural sets and relations over these structures are not Diophantine.
The nature and origin of exceptional sets associated with the rotation number of circle maps, Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser theory on the existence of invariant tori and the linearisation of complex diffeomorphisms are explained. The metrical properties of these exceptional sets are closely related to fundamental results in the metrical theory of Diophantine approximation. The counterpart of Diophantine approximation in hyperbolic space and a dynamical interpretation which led to the very general notion of `shrinking targets' are sketched and the recent use of flows in homogeneous spaces of lattice…
This text is a slightly expanded version of a survey article on certain aspects of low dimensional dynamics and number theory written after a kind invitation by the editors of the Notices of the American Mathematical Society.
Hausdorff measures of sets in Exact Diophantine approximation
本文研究了精确迪ophantine逼近中集合的豪斯多夫测度，提出了新的数学框架并给出了相关条件。
Let R be a recursive subring of a number field. We show that recursively enumerable sets are diophantine for the polynomial ring R[Z].
Hausdorff dimension of intersections between the Jarník sets and Diophantine fractals
研究了Jarník集与迪奥菲内分数集合交集的Hausdorff维度，证明其为满维，并指出无理数指数大于2且部分商有界的集合维度为1。
Twisted Diophantine approximation on manifolds
本文研究了在流形上旋转变换的丢番图逼近问题，提出了非退化解析流形的充分条件，并探讨了badly approximable与well approximable向量与流形的交集性质。
Let $F\in\mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ and $m\ge2$ be an integer. A set $A\subset \mathbb{Z}$ is called an $(F,m)$-Diophantine set if $F(a,b)$ is a perfect $m$-power for any $a,b\in A$ where $a\ne b$. If $F$ is a bivariate polynomial for which there exist infinite $(F,m)$-Diophantine sets, then there is a complete qualitative characterization of all such polynomials $F$. Otherwise, various finiteness results are known. We prove that given a finite set of distinct integers $ S$ of size $n$, there are infinitely many bivariate polynomials $F$ such that $ S$ is an $(F,2)$-Diophantine set. In addition, we show…
Existential rank and essential dimension of diophantine sets
本文研究域上定义丢番图集合所需的最小存在量词数量，将其与对应点函子的本质维数关联，为丢番图集合的量化复杂度与函子本质维数的关系提供研究基础。
A famous problem posed by Diophantus was to find sets of distinct positive rational numbers such that the product of any two is one less than a rational square. Such Diophantine sets have been used to construct high rank elliptic curves. Here I demonstrate a link with Cayley's hyperdeterminants which provides a fruitful generalisation of Diophantine quadruples.
We show that Mazur's conjecture on the real topology of rational points on varieties implies that there is no diophantine model of the rational integers in the rational numbers. We also prove that there is a diophantine model of the polynomial ring over a finite field in the ring of rational functions over that finite field. Both proofs depend upon Matijasevich's theorem.
We apply Freeman's variant of the Davenport-Heilbronn method to investigate the exceptional set of real numbers not close to some value of a given real diagonal form at an integral argument. Under appropriate conditions, we show that the exceptional set in the interval [-N,N] has measure O(N^{1-c}), for a positive number c.
Gallagher's theorem is a sharpening and extension of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all tuples of real numbers. We provide a fibre refinement, solving a problem posed by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani in 2015. Hitherto, this was only known on the plane, as previous approaches relied heavily on the theory of continued fractions. Using reduced successive minima in lieu of continued fractions, we develop the structural theory of Bohr sets of arbitrary rank, in the context of diophantine approximation. In addition, we generalise the theory and result to the inhomogeneous setting. …
For $λ\in (1/2, 1)$ and $α$, we consider sets of numbers $x$ such that for infinitely many $n$, $x$ is $2^{-αn}$-close to some $\sum_{i=1}^n ω_i λ^i$, where $ω_i \in \{0,1\}$. These sets are in Falconer's intersection classes for Hausdorff dimension $s$ for some $s$ such that $- \frac{1}α \frac{\log λ}{\log 2} \leq s \leq \frac{1}α$. We show that for almost all $λ\in (1/2, 2/3)$, the upper bound of $s$ is optimal, but for a countable infinity of values of $λ$ the lower bound is the best possible result.
Let Q be an infinite set of positive integers. Denote by W(Q) the set of n-tuples of real numbers simultaneously tau-well approximable by infinitely many rationals with denominators in Q but only by finitely many rationals with denominators in the complement of Q. The Hausdorff dimension of the liminf set W(Q) is computed when tau > 2 + 1/n. A p-adic analogue of the problem is also studied.
Diophantine tuples and product sets in shifted powers
本文研究了具有D_k(n)性质的丢番图元组，改进了多个已有结果，并探讨了其在非平凡移位幂集中的应用，结合筛法、丢番图逼近和极值图论思想。
Iterated differences sets, diophantine approximations and applications
本文利用迭代差集研究奇实多项式丢番图逼近集合，并以此在遍历理论和组合学中获得应用，特别是给出了弱混合系统的新刻画及 Furstenberg-Sárközy 定理的新变体。
In 1995, Hill and Velani introduced the shrinking targets theory. Given a dynamical system $([0,1],T)$, they investigated the Hausdorff dimension of sets of points whose orbits are close to some fixed point. In this paper, we study the sets of points well-approximated by orbits $\{T^n x\}_{n\geq 0}$, where $T$ is an expanding Markov map with a finite partition supported by $[0,1]$. The dimensions of these sets are described using the multifractal properties of invariant Gibbs measures.
Counting rationals and diophantine approximation in missing-digit Cantor sets
本文通过傅里叶ℓ^1维度方法，研究了缺失数字康托集中的有理数计数和丢番图逼近问题，并对多个猜想做出了进展。
We prove that Hilbert's Tenth Problem for a ring of integers in a number field K has a negative answer if K satisfies two arithmetical conditions (existence of a so-called division-ample set of integers and of an elliptic curve of rank one over K). We relate division-ample sets to arithmetic of abelian varieties.
$f$-Diophantine sets over finite fields via quasi-random hypergraphs from multivariate polynomials
本文通过多元多项式构建准随机超图，系统研究有限域上的$f$-丢番图集，提出统一框架，推导了$k$-丢番图$m$-元组的渐进行为，改进了Chung和Graham的经典估计。
Diophantine sets
本文研究了丢番图集在交换环中的推广，并证明了关于有限呈现方案的覆盖性质。
A famous problem posed by Diophantus was to find sets of distinct positive rational numbers such that the product of any two is one less than a rational square. Some sets of six such numbers are presented and the computational algorithm used to find them is described. A classification of quadruples and quintuples with examples and statistics is also given.
We prove that infinite p-adically discrete sets have Diophantine definitions in large subrings of some number fields. First, if K is a totally real number field or a totally complex degree-2 extension of a totally real number field, then there exists a prime p of K and a set of K-primes S of density arbitrarily close to 1 such that there is an infinite p-adically discrete set that is Diophantine over the ring O_{K,S} of S-integers in K. Second, if K is a number field over which there exists an elliptic curve of rank 1, then there exists a set of K-primes S of density 1 and an infinite Diophant…
For a nonzero integer $n$, a set of distinct nonzero integers $\{a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m\}$ such that $a_ia_j+n$ is a perfect square for all $1\leq i<j\leq m$, is called a Diophantine $m$-tuple with the property $D(n)$ or simply $D(n)$-set. $D(1)$-sets are known as simply Diophantine $m$-tuples. Such sets were first studied by Diophantus of Alexandria, and since then by many authors. It is natural to ask if there exists a Diophantine $m$-tuple ($D(1)$-set) which is also a $D(n)$-set for some $n\neq 1$. This question was raised by Kihel and Kihel in 2001. They conjectured that there are no Diophanti…
Diophantine approximations for translation surfaces and planar resonant sets
本文利用平移曲面产生的平面共振集，研究 Teichmüller 测地线有界性、规定速率偏移及有理台球快速回复方向的 Hausdorff 维数，建立了良好逼近与不良逼近方向的二分法及维数估计。
Consider the vanishing locus of a real analytic function on $\mathbb{R}^n$ restricted to $[0,1]^n$. We bound the number of rational points of bounded height that approximate this set very well. Our result is formulated and proved in the context of o-minimal structure which give a general framework to work with sets mentioned above. It complements the theorem of Pila-Wilkie that yields a bound of the same quality for the number of rational points of bounded height that lie on a definable set. We focus our attention on polynomially bounded o-minimal structures, allow algebraic points of bounded …
Let Q be an infinite set of positive integers. Denote by W_{τ, n}(Q) (resp. W_{τ, n}) the set of points in dimension n simultaneously τ--approximable by infinitely many rationals with denominators in Q (resp. in N*). A non--trivial lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the liminf set W_{τ, n}\W_{τ, n}(Q) is established when n>1 and τ>1+1/(n-1) in the case where the set Q satisfies some divisibility properties. The computation of the actual value of this Hausdorff dimension as well as the one--dimensional analogue of the problem are also discussed.
Let $β>1$ be a real number and define the $β$-transformation on $[0,1]$ by $T_β:x\mapsto βx\bmod 1$. Further, define $$W_y(T_β,Ψ):=\{x\in [0, 1]:|T_β^nx-y|<Ψ(n) \mbox{ for infinitely many $n$}\}$$ and $$W(T_β,Ψ):=\{(x, y)\in [0, 1]^2:|T_β^nx-y|<Ψ(n) \mbox{ for infinitely many $n$}\},$$ where $Ψ:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}_{>0}$ is a positive function such that $Ψ(n)\to 0$ as $n\to \infty$. In this paper, we show that each of the above sets obeys a Jarník-type dichotomy, that is, the generalised Hausdorff measure is either zero or full depending upon the convergence or divergence of a certain serie…
We investigate the large intersection properties of the set of points that are approximated at a certain rate by a family of affine subspaces. We then apply our results to various sets arising in the metric theory of Diophantine approximation, in the study of the homeomorphisms of the circle and in the perturbation theory for Hamiltonian systems.
A minimalist version of the circle method and Diophantine problems over thin sets
本文提出圆法的极简版本，证明均值估计、Weyl 型估计及容许剩余类上的分布性质即可建立华林问题等加性问题的渐近公式，并将其推广到椭圆薄集等薄集上。
We generalise M. M. Skriganov's notion of weak admissibility for lattices to include standard lattices occurring in Diophantine approximation and algebraic number theory, and we prove estimates for the number of lattice points in sets such as aligned boxes. Our result improves on Skriganov's celebrated counting result if the box is sufficiently distorted, the lattice is not admissible, and, e.g., symplectic or orthogonal. We establish a criterion under which our error term is sharp, and we provide examples in dimensions $2$ and $3$ using continued fractions. We also establish a similar countin…
In two dimensions, Gallagher's theorem is a strengthening of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all pairs of real numbers. We prove an inhomogeneous fibre version of Gallagher's theorem, sharpening and making unconditional a result recently obtained conditionally by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani. The idea is to find large generalised arithmetic progressions within inhomogeneous Bohr sets, extending a construction given by Tao. This precise structure enables us to verify the hypotheses of the Duffin--Schaeffer theorem for the problem at hand, via the geometry of numbers.
We consider Diophantine quintuples $\{a, b, c, d, e\}$. These are sets of distinct positive integers, the product of any two elements of which is one less than a perfect square. It is conjectured that there are no Diophantine quintuples; we improve on current estimates to show that there are at most $1.18\cdot 10^{27}$ Diophantine quintuples.
We consider Diophantine quintuples $\{a, b, c, d, e\}$. These are sets of distinct positive integers, the product of any two elements of which is one less than a perfect square. It is conjectured that there are no Diophantine quintuples; we improve on current estimates to show that there are at most $1.9\cdot 10^{29}$ Diophantine quintuples.
We consider classes $\mathscr{G}^s ([0,1])$ of subsets of $[0,1]$, originally introduced by Falconer, that are closed under countable intersections, and such that every set in the class has Hausdorff dimension at least $s$. We provide a Frostman type lemma to determine if a limsup-set is in such a class. Suppose $E = \limsup E_n \subset [0,1]$, and that $μ_n$ are probability measures with support in $E_n$. If there is a constant $C$ such that \[\iint|x-y|^{-s}\, \mathrm{d}μ_n(x)\mathrm{d}μ_n(y)<C\] for all $n$, then under suitable conditions on the limit measure of the sequence $(μ_n)$, we pro…
A classical result of Kaufman states that, for each $τ>1,$ the set of well approximable numbers \[ E(τ)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}: \|qx\| < |q|^{-τ} \text{ for infinitely many integers q}\} \] is a Salem set with Hausdorff dimension $2/(1+τ)$. A natural question to ask is whether the same phenomena holds for well approximable vectors in $\mathbb{R}^n.$ We prove that this is in general not the case. In addition, we also show that in $\mathbb{R}^n, n\geq 2,$ the set of badly approximable vectors is not Salem.
We calculate the measure and Hausdorff dimension of sets of matrices over fields of formal power series with good approximation properties for a restricted set of denominators.
Cardinalities of Jordan Diophantine sets of upper triangular integer matrices
该研究确定了上三角整数矩阵环中Jordan D(N)-集存在无限集的N的条件，明确了有限集的最大基数，还给出了两类特殊无限集存在的充要条件。
We consider Diophantine quintuples $\{a, b, c, d, e\}$, sets of distinct positive integers the product of any two elements of which is one less than a perfect square. Triples of the first kind are the subsets $\{a, b, d\}$ with $d> b^{5}$. We show that there are no Diophantine quintuples containing triples of the first kind.
Hausdorff measure and Fourier dimensions of limsup sets arising in weighted and multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文研究了加权和乘法Diophantine逼近中出现的limsup集的Lebesgue测度、Hausdorff测度和Fourier维度，提供了零-全律判定准则，并确定了这些集的精确Fourier维度。
Anisotropy of quadratic forms over global fields of characteristic $\neq$ 2 is diophantine
本文证明了特征不等于2的全局域上各向异性二次型的集合是一个丢番图集，扩展了Koenigsmann的方法并结合类域论和局部-全局原理。
A set of m distinct positive integers {a_{1},...a_{m}} is called a Diophantine m-tuple if a_{i}a_{j}+n is a square for each 1\leqi<j\leqm . The aim of this study is to show that some P_{k} sets can not be extendible to a Diophantine quadruple when k=2 and k=-3 and also to give some properties about P_{k} sets.
Twisted Diophantine Approximation II: Uniform Theory
本文提出一种统一方法，利用对角格轨迹的逐次极小值精确计算扭曲一致丢番图逼近的Hausdorff维数，涵盖端点集、水平集及零满定律，并推广了多个已知结果。
Let $K$ denote the middle third Cantor set and ${\cal A}:= \{3^n : n = 0,1,2, >... \} $. Given a real, positive function $ψ$ let $ W_{\cal A}(ψ)$ denote the set of real numbers $x$ in the unit interval for which there exist infinitely many $(p,q) \in \Z \times {\cal A} $ such that $ |x - p/q| < ψ(q) $. The analogue of the Hausdorff measure version of the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture is established for $ W_{\cal A}(ψ) \cap K $. One of the consequences of this is that there exist very well approximable numbers, other than Liouville numbers, in $K$ -- an assertion attributed to K. Mahler.
Let $A\subset \N_{+}$ and by $P_{A}(n)$ denotes the number of partitions of an integer $n$ into parts from the set $A$. The aim of this paper is to prove several result concerning the existence of integer solutions of Diophantine equations of the form $P_{A}(x)=P_{B}(y)$, where $A, B$ are certain finite sets.
Diophantine quadruples are sets of four distinct positive integers such that the product of any two is one less than a square. All known examples belong to an infinite set which can be constructed recursively. Some observations on these regular solutions are presented. In particular we see how factors of the four numbers satisfy relations which generalise the Stern-Brocot Tree. There is also an update on the search for rational Diophantine sextuples with five new examples.
We begin with a brief treatment of Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff dimension. We then explain some of the principal results in Diophantine approximation and the Hausdorff dimension of related sets, originating in the pioneering work of Vojtech Jarnik. We conclude with some applications of these results to the metrical structure of exceptional sets associated with some famous problems. It is not intended that all the recent developments be covered but they can be found in the references cited.
We prove general sufficient and necessary conditions for the partition regularity of Diophantine equations, which extend the classic Rado's Theorem by covering large classes of nonlinear equations. Sufficient conditions are obtained by exploiting algebraic properties in the space of ultrafilters betaN, grounding on combinatorial properties of positive density sets and IP sets. Necessary conditions are proved by a new technique in nonstandard analysis, based on the use of the relation of u-equivalence for the hypernatural numbers *N.
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