In this paper, we study the doubly warped product manifolds with semisymmetric metric connection. We derive the curvatures formulas for doubly warped product manifold with semi-symmetric metric connection in terms of curvatures of components of doubly warped product manifolds. We also prove the necessary and sufficient condition for a doubly warped product manifold to be a warped product manifold. We obtain some results for Einstein doubly warped product manifold and Einstein-like doubly warped product manifold of class A with respect to a semi-symmetric metric connection.
In this paper we study fundamental geometric properties of doubly warped product immersion which is an extension of warped product immersion. Moreover, we study geometric inequality for doubly warped products isometrically immersed in arbitrary Riemannian manifolds.
In this article, we present a complete study of two disjoint classes of conformal vector fields on doubly warped product manifolds as well as on doubly warped space-times. Then we study Ricci solitons on doubly warped product manifollds admitting these types of conformal vector fields.
In this paper, we introduce horizontal and vertical warped product Finsler manifold. We prove that every C-reducible or proper Berwaldian doubly warped product Finsler manifold is Riemannian. Then, we find the relation between Riemmanian curvatures of doubly warped product Finsler manifold and its components, and consider the cases that this manifold is flat or has scalar flag curvature. We define the doubly warped Sasaki-Matsumoto metric for warped product manifolds and find a condition under which the horizontal and vertical tangent bundles are totally geodesic. Also, we obtain some conditio…
In this paper we establish a general inequality involving the Laplacian of the warping functions and the squared mean curvature of any doubly warped product isometrically immersed in a Riemannian manifold. Moreover, we obtain some geometric inequalities for C-totally real doubly warped product submanifolds of generalized $(κ,μ)$-space forms.
In this paper biharmonic maps between doubly warped product manifolds are studied. We show that the inclusion maps of Riemannian manifolds $B$ and $F$ into the doubly warped product $_{f}B\times_{b}F$ can not be proper biharmonic maps. Also we analyze the conditions for the biharmonicity of projections $_{f}B\times_{b}F\to B$ and $_{f}B\times_{b}F\to F$, respectively. Some characterizations for non-harmonic biharmonic maps are given by using product of harmonic maps and warping metric. Specially, in the case of $f=1$, the results for warped product in \cite{Balmus-mont} are obtained.
Warped product CR-submanifolds in Kaehlerian manifolds were intensively studied only since 2001 after the impulse given by B.Y. Chen. Immediately after, another line of research, similar to that concerning Sasakian geometry as the odd dimensional version of Kaehlerian geometry, was developed, namely warped product contact CR-submanifolds in Sasakian manifolds. In this note we proved that there exists no proper doubly warped product contact CR-submanifolds in trans-Sasakian manifolds.
We investigate manifolds obtained as a quotient of a doubly warped product. We show that they are always covered by the product of two suitable leaves. This allows us to prove, under regularity hypothesis, that these manifolds are a doubly warped product up to a zero measure subset formed by an union of leaves. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition which ensures the decomposition of the whole manifold and use it to give sufficient conditions of geometrical nature. Finally, we study the uniqueness of direct product decomposition in the non simply connected case.
In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to Gromov's conjecture ([3, Conjecture E]) by establishing an optimal Lipschitz lower bound for a class of smooth functions on orientable open $3$-manifolds with uniformly positive sectional curvatures. For rigidity we show that the universal covering of the given manifold must be $\mathbf R^2\times (-c,c)$ with some doubly warped product metric if the optimal bound is attained. This gives a characterization for doubly warped product metrics with positive constant curvature. As a corollary, we also obtain a focal radius estimate for immersed toruses…
In this paper, we consider doubly warped product (DWP) Finsler manifolds with some non-Riemannian curvature properties. First, we study Berwald and isotropic mean Berwald DWP-Finsler manifolds. Then we prove that every proper Douglas DWP-Finsler manifold is Riemannian. We show that a proper DWP-manifold is Landsbergian if and only it is Berwaldian. In continue, we prove that every relatively isotropic Landsberg DWP-manifold is a Landsberg manifold. We show that a relatively isotropic mean Landsberg warped product manifold is a weakly Landsberg manifold. Finally, we show that there is no any lo…
For any manifold $N^p$ admitting an Einstein metric with positive Einstein constant, we study the behavior of the Ricci flow on high-dimensional products $M = N^p \times S^{q+1}$ with doubly-warped product metrics. In particular, we provide a rigorous construction of local, type II, conical singularity formation on such spaces. It is shown that for any $k > 1$ there exists a solution with curvature blow-up rate $\| Rm \|_{\infty} (t) \gtrsim (T-t)^{-k}$ with singularity modeled on a Ricci-flat cone at parabolic scales.
We give a characterization {\sl à la Obata} for certain families of K\''ahler manifolds. These results are in the same line as other extensions of the well-known Obata's rigidity theorem from \cite{Obata62}, like for instance the generalizations in \cite{RanjSant97} and \cite{Santhanam07}. Moreover, we give a complete description of the so-called K\''ahler doubly-warped product structures whose underlying metric is Einstein.
In this paper, we study the quasi-Einstein and generalized quasi-Einstein warped products with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection. We give the expressions of the Ricci tensors and scalar curvatures for the bases and fibres. In some cases we give some obstructions to the existence of the quasi-Einstein and generalized quasi-Einstein warped products with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection.
In this paper we show that a compact warped product Einstein manifold with vanishing Bach tensor of dimension $n \geq 4$ is a finite quotient of a warped product with $(n-1)$-dimensional Einstein fiber. The fiber has constant curvature if $n=4$.
We introduce a notion of doubly warped product of weighted graphs that is consistent with the doubly warped product in the Riemannian setting. We establish various discrete Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature-dimension bounds for such warped products in terms of the curvature of the constituent graphs. This requires deliberate analysis of the quadratic forms involved, prompting the introduction of some crucial notions such as curvature saturation at a vertex. In the spirit of being thorough and to provide a frame of reference, we also introduce the $\left(R_1,R_2\right)$-doubly warped products of smoo…
In this paper we prove a number of triviality results for Einstein warped products and quasi-Einstein manifolds using different techniques and under assumptions of various nature. In particular we obtain and exploit gradient estimates for solutions of weighted Poisson-type equations and adaptations to the weighted setting of some Liouville-type theorems.
In this article we study homogeneous warped product Einstein metrics and its connections with homogeneous Ricci solitons. We show that homogeneous $(λ,n+m)$-Einstein manifolds (which are the bases of homogeneous warped product Einstein metrics) are one-dimensional extensions of algebraic solitons. This answers a question from a paper of C. He, P. Petersen and W. Wylie, where they prove the converse statement. Our proof is strongly based on their results, but it also makes use of sharp tools from the theory of homogeneous Ricci solitons. As an application, we obtain that any homogeneous warped …
We find the necessary conditions for a sequential warped product manifold to be a quasi-Einstein manifold. We also investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequential standard static space-time and a sequential generalized Robertson-Walker space-time to be a manifold of quasi-constant curvature.
The purpose of this note is to provide some volume estimates for Einstein warped products similar to a classical result due to Calabi and Yau for complete Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. To do so, we make use of the approach of quasi-Einstein manifolds which is directly related to Einstein warped product. In particular, we present an obstruction for the existence of such a class of manifolds.
In this paper, we study gradient Einstein-type structure immersed into a Riemannian warped product manifold. We obtain some triviality results for the potential function and smooth map $u$. We investigate conditions for a gradient Einstein-type structure to be minimal, totally umbilical, or totally geodesic immersed into a warped product $I\times_f M^n$. Furthermore, we characterize rotational hypersurface into $\mathbb{R}\times_f\mathbb{R}^n$ has a gradient Einstein-type structure.
In this article, we study the problem of the existence and nonexistence of warping function associated with constant scalar curvature on pseudo-Riemannian Poisson warped product space under the assumption that fiber space has constant scalar curvature. We characterize the warping function on Einstein Poisson warped space by taking the various dimensions of base space $B$ (i.e; (1). $dim B=1,$ (2). $dim B=2,$ (3). $dim B\geq3$).
In this paper we prove that under certain conditions in a quasi Einstein semi Riemannian warped product the fiber is necessarily a Einstein manifold. We provide all the quasi Einstein manifolds when r Bakry Emery tensor is null, the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space invariant under the action of an n - 1 dimensional translation group and the fiber is Ricci flat. As an application, we have built a family of Ricci flat Einstein warped product whose base is not locally conformally flat.
We prove triviality results for Einstein warped products with non-compact bases. These extend previous work by D.-S. Kim and Y.-H. Kim. The proof, from the viewpoint of "quasi-Einstein manifolds" introduced by J. Case, Y.-S. Shu and G. Wei, rely on maximum principles at infinity and Liouville-type theorems.
In this article, we systematically investigate the stability properties of certain warped product Einstein manifolds. We characterize stability of these metrics in terms of an eigenvalue condition of the Einstein operator on the base manifold. In particular, we prove that all complete manifolds carrying imaginary Killing spinors are strictly stable. Moreover, we show that Ricci-flat and hyperbolic cones over Kähler-Einstein Fano manifolds and over nonnegatively curved Einstein manifolds are stable if the cone has dimension $n\geq10$.
A. Gray presented an interesting $O\left( n\right) $ invariant decomposition of the covariant derivative of the Ricci tensor. Manifolds whose Ricci tensor satisfies the defining property of each orthogonal class are called Einstein-like manifolds. In the present paper, we answered the following question: Under what condition(s), does a factor manifold $M_{i},i=1,2$ of a doubly warped product manifold $M=_{f_{2}}M_{1}\times _{f_{1}}M_{2}$ lie in the same Einstein-like class of $M$? By imposing sufficient and necessary conditions on the warping functions, an inheritance property of each class is…
In this paper, we mainly study gradient $ρ$-Einstein solitons on doubly warped product manifolds. More explicitly, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a doubly warped product manifold to be a gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton. We also apply our main result to warped product spacetime models such as generalized Robertson-Walker and standard static spacetimes as well as 3-dimensional Walker manifolds. We finally establish that there is no 3-dimensional esentially conformally symmetric gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton.
In this paper we consider a class of Einstein warped product semi-Riemannian manifolds $\widehat{M} = M^{n}\times_{f}N^{m}$ with $n\geq 3$ and $m\geq 2$. For $\widehat{M}$ with compact base and Ricci-flat fiber, we prove that $\widehat{M}$ is simply a Riemannian product space. Then, when the base $M$ is conformal to a pseudo-Euclidean space which is invariant under the action of a $(n-1)$-dimensional translation group, we classify all such spaces. Furthermore, we get new examples of complete Einstein warped products Riemannian manifolds.
Spherically symmetric spacetimes are ambient spaces for models of stellar collapse and inhomogeneous cosmology. We obtain results for the Weyl tensor and the covariant form of the Ricci tensor on general doubly warped (DW) spacetimes. In a spherically symmetric metric, the Ricci and electric tensors become rank-2, built with a velocity vector field and its acceleration. Their structure dictates the general form of the energy-momentum tensor in the Einstein equations in DW spherical metrics. The anisotropic pressure and the heat current of an imperfect fluid descend from the gradient of the acc…
In this paper we study warped product Einstein metrics over spaces with constant scalar curvature. We call such a manifold rigid if the universal cover of the base is Einstein or is isometric to a product of Einstein manifolds. When the base is three dimensional and the dimension of the fiber is greater than one we show that the space is always rigid. We also exhibit examples of solvable four dimensional Lie groups that can be used as the base space of non-rigid warped product Einstein metrics showing that the result is not true in dimension greater than three. We also give some further natura…
In this paper we consider connections between Ricci solitons and Einstein metrics on homogeneous spaces. We show that a semi-algebraic Ricci soliton admits an Einstein one-dimensional extension if the soliton derivation can be chosen to be normal. Using our previous work on warped product Einstein metrics, we show that every normal semi-algebraic Ricci soliton also admits a $k$-dimensional Einstein extension for any $k\geq 2$. We also prove converse theorems for these constructions and some geometric and topological structure results for homogeneous warped product Einstein metrics. In the appe…
In this paper we take the perspective introduced by Case-Shu-Wei of studying warped product Einstein metrics through the equation for the Ricci curvature of the base space. They call this equation on the base the $m$-Quasi Einstein equation, but we will also call it the $(λ,n+m)$-Einstein equation. In this paper we extend the work of Case-Shu-Wei and some earlier work of Kim-Kim to allow the base to have non-empty boundary. This is a natural case to consider since a manifold without boundary often occurs as a warped product over a manifold with boundary, and in this case we get some interestin…
We prove that complete warped product Einstein metrics with isometric bases, simply connected space form fibers, and the same Ricci curvature and dimension are isometric. In the compact case we also prove that the warping functions must be the same up to scaling, while in the non-compact case there are simple examples showing that the warping function is not unique. These results follow from a structure theorem for warped product Einstein spaces which is proven by applying the results in our earlier paper "Warped product rigidity" to a vector space of virtual Einstein warping functions. We als…
We study warped products semi-Riemannian Einstein manifolds. We consider the case in that the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo Euclidean space and invariant under the action of an translation group. We provide all such solutions in the case Ricci flat when the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, invariant under the action of an translation group and the fiber F is Ricci flat. In particular, we obtain explicit solutions, in the case vacuum, for the Einstein field equation.
We study the $(2+2)$-Einstein warped product manifolds, where the scalar curvature of the Base is a multiple of the warping function, and we called this condition (inside a warped product manifold) $f$-curvature-Base ($R_{f_B}$).The aim of this paper is to check if there are Base-manifolds with non-flat metrics that satisfy this condition, and this check was done in cases where $M$ and Fiber-manifold are not both non-Ricci-flat. As a results of the our cases we find that the "$f$-curvature-Base" is equivalent to requesting a flat metric on the Base-manifold.
In this paper we study the space of solutions to an overdetermined linear system involving the Hessian of functions. We show that if the solution space has dimension greater than one, then the underlying manifold has a very rigid warped product structure. We obtain a uniqueness result for prescribing the Ricci curvature of a warped product manifold over a fixed base. As an application, this warped product structure will be used to study warped product Einstein structures in "Uniqueness of warped product Einstein metrics and applications".
We derive the general formulas for a special configuration of the sequential warped product semi-Riemannian manifold to be Einstein, where the base-manifold is the product of two manifolds both equipped with a conformal metrics. Subsequently we study the case in which these two manifolds are conformal to a $n_1$-dimensional and $n_2$-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, respectively. For the latter case, we prove the existence of a family of solutions that are invariant under the action of a $(n_1-1)$-dimensional group of transformations to the case of positive constant Ricci curvature ($λ>0$).
For the studied cases in [10], the author showed that having the {\textit {$f$-curvature-Base}} ($R_{f_B}$) is equal to requiring a flat metric on the base-manifold. In [11] the authors introduced a new kind of Einstein warped product manifold, composed by positive-dimensional manifold and negative-dimensional manifold, the so called \textit{PNDP-manifolds} The aim of this paper is to extend the work done in [10] to $m$-dimensional fiber showing if the value of $m$ can influence the result, i.e., finding base-manifolds with non-flat metric for $dimF \neq 2$, and doing some considerations of th…
The goal of this article is to investigate complete noncompact warped product gradient Ricci solitons. Nonexistence results, estimates for the warping function and for its gradient are proven. When the soliton is steady or expanding these nonexistence results generalize to a broader context certain pde estimates and rigidity obtained when studying warped product Einstein manifolds. When the soliton is shrinking, it is presented a nonexistence theorem with no counterpart in the Einstein case, which is proved using properties of the first eigenvalue of a weighted Laplacian.
In this paper, we study the Einstein multiply warped products with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection and the multiply warped products with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection with constant scalar curvature, we apply our results to generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection and generalized Kasner spacetimes with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection and find some new examples of Einstein affine manifolds and affine manifolds with constant scalar curvature.ß We also consider the multiply warped products with an affine connection with a zero torsi…
The linear stability of warped product Einstein metrics as fixed points of the Ricci flow is investigated. We generalise the results of Gibbons, Hartnoll and Pope and show that in sufficiently low dimensions, all warped product Einstein metrics are unstable. By exploiting the relationship between warped product Einstein metrics, quasi-Einstein metrics and Ricci solitons, we introduce a new destabilising perturbation (the Ricci variation) and show that certain infinite families of warped product Einstein metrics will be unstable in high dimensions.
In this paper most of the classes of G2-structures with Einstein induced metric of negative, null or positive scalar curvature are realized. This is carried out by means of warped G2-structures with fiber an Einstein SU(3) manifold. The torsion forms of any warped G2-structure are explicitly described in terms of the torsion forms of the SU(3)-structure and the warping function, which allows to give characterizations of the principal classes of Einstein warped G2 manifolds. Similar results are obtained for Einstein warped Spin(7) manifolds with fiber a G2 manifold.
We consider Einstein hypersurfaces of warped products $I\times_ω\mathbb Q_ε^n,$ where $I\subset\mathbb R$ is an open interval and $\mathbb Q_ε^n$ is the simply connected space form of dimension $n\ge 2$ and constant sectional curvature $ε\in\{-1,0,1\}.$ We show that, for all $c\in\mathbb R$ (resp. $c>0$), there exist rotational hypersurfaces of constant sectional curvature $c$ in $I\times_ω\mathbb H^n$ and $I\times_ω\mathbb R^n$ (resp. $I\times_ω\mathbb S^n$), provided that $ω$ is nonconstant. We also show that the gradient $T$ of the height function of any Einstein hypersurface of $I\times_ω\…
In this paper, we study the Einstein warped products and multiply warped products with a quarter-symmetric connection. We also study warped products and multiply warped products with a quarter-symmetric connection with constant scalar curvature. Then apply our results to generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes with a quarter-symmetric connection and generalized Kasner space-times with a quarter-symmetric connection.
We characterize Ricci almost solitons on semi-Riemannian warped products, considering the potential function to depend on the fiber or not. We show that the fiber is necessarily an Einstein manifold. As a consequence of our characterization we prove that when the potential function depends on the fiber, if the gradient of the warping function does not act by translations then the base and the warped product are also Einstein manifolds. Moreover, we show the existence of conformal vector fields on the base, the fiber and on the warped product. Assuming completeness of the warped product we prov…
In this paper, we define the semi-symmetric metric connection on super Riemannian manifolds. We compute the semi-symmetric metric connection and its curvature tensor and its Ricci tensor on super warped product spaces. We introduce two kind of super warped product spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection and give the conditions under which these two super warped product spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection are the Einstein super spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection.
A Riemannian metric $\wht{g}$ with Ricci curvature $\wht{\ri}$ is called nontrivial quasi-Einstein, in the sense of Case, Shu and Wei, if it satisfies $(-a/f)\wht{\nab} df+\wht{\ri}=λ\wht{g}$, for a smooth nonconstant function $f$ and constants $λ$ and $a>0$. If $a$ is a positive integer, by a result of Kim and Kim, such a metric forms a base for certain warped Einstein metrics. On a manifold $M$ of real dimension at least six, let $(g,\t)$ be a pair consisting of a Kähler metric $g$ which is locally Kähler irreducible, and a nonconstant Killing potential $\t$. Suppose the metric $\wht{g}=g/\t…
We investigate Kähler metrics conformal to gradient Ricci solitons, and base metrics of warped product gradient Ricci solitons. The latter we name quasi-solitons. A main assumption that is employed is functional dependence of the soliton potential, with the conformal factor in the first case, and with the warping function in the second. The main result in the first case is a partial classification in dimension $n\geq 4$. In the second case, Kähler quasi-soliton metrics satisfying the above main assumption are shown to be, under an additional genericity hypothesis, necessarily Riemannian produc…
