A family of special case of sequential warped product manifolds with semi-Riemannian Einstein metrics
Alexander Pigazzini, Cenap Ozel, Saeid Jafari, Richard Pincak, Andrew DeBenedictis
备注：
Latest version has minor changes and added references. Accepted for publication in: Journal of Geometric Mechanics (AIMS - America Institute of Mathematical Sciences)
We derive the general formulas for a special configuration of the sequential warped product semi-Riemannian manifold to be Einstein, where the base-manifold is the product of two manifolds both equipped with a conformal metrics. Subsequently we study the case in which these two manifolds are conformal to a $n_1$-dimensional and $n_2$-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, respectively. For the latter case, we prove the existence of a family of solutions that are invariant under the action of a $(n_1-1)$-dimensional group of transformations to the case of positive constant Ricci curvature ($λ>0$).
A formal treatment of Killing 1-form and 2-Killing 1-form on Riemannian Poisson manifold, Riemannian Poisson warped product space are presented. In this way, we obtain Bochner type result on compact Riemannian Poisson manifold, compact Riemannian Poisson warped product space for Killing 1-form and 2-Killing 1-form. Finally, we give the characterization of a 2-Killing 1-form on $(\mathbb{R}^2,g,Π)$.
In this paper, we study some properties of warped product pointwise bi-slant submanifolds in locally metallic Riemannian manifolds and we construct some examples in Euclidean spaces.
In this paper we study warped product Finsler metrics and show that the notion of isotropic $E$-curvature and isotropic $S$-curvature are equivalent for this class of metrics.
In this paper we consider a class of Einstein warped product semi-Riemannian manifolds $\widehat{M} = M^{n}\times_{f}N^{m}$ with $n\geq 3$ and $m\geq 2$. For $\widehat{M}$ with compact base and Ricci-flat fiber, we prove that $\widehat{M}$ is simply a Riemannian product space. Then, when the base $M$ is conformal to a pseudo-Euclidean space which is invariant under the action of a $(n-1)$-dimensional translation group, we classify all such spaces. Furthermore, we get new examples of complete Einstein warped products Riemannian manifolds.
In this short survey, we show how two (classes of) known examples of inhomogeneous, curvature homogeneous Riemannian manifolds with nontrivial $κ$-nullity can be seen as deformations of homogeneous metrics along the vertical distribution of an integrable Riemannian submersion. We also pose two open questions.
In this paper we prove two inequalities relating the warping function to various curvature terms, for warped products isometrically immersed in Riemannian manifolds. This extends work of B. Y. Chen for the case of immersions into space forms. Finally we give an application where the target manifold is the Clifford torus.
In this paper, we study gradient Einstein-type structure immersed into a Riemannian warped product manifold. We obtain some triviality results for the potential function and smooth map $u$. We investigate conditions for a gradient Einstein-type structure to be minimal, totally umbilical, or totally geodesic immersed into a warped product $I\times_f M^n$. Furthermore, we characterize rotational hypersurface into $\mathbb{R}\times_f\mathbb{R}^n$ has a gradient Einstein-type structure.
We introduce warped product skew semi-invariant submanifolds of order $1$ of a locally product Riemannian manifold. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for skew semi-invariant submanifold of order 1 to be a locally warped product. We also prove that the invariant distribution which is involved in the definition of the submanifold is integrable under some restrictions. Moreover, we find an inequality between the warping function and the squared norm of the second fundamental form for such submanifolds. Equality case is also discussed.
In this paper, we consider doubly warped product (DWP) Finsler manifolds with some non-Riemannian curvature properties. First, we study Berwald and isotropic mean Berwald DWP-Finsler manifolds. Then we prove that every proper Douglas DWP-Finsler manifold is Riemannian. We show that a proper DWP-manifold is Landsbergian if and only it is Berwaldian. In continue, we prove that every relatively isotropic Landsberg DWP-manifold is a Landsberg manifold. We show that a relatively isotropic mean Landsberg warped product manifold is a weakly Landsberg manifold. Finally, we show that there is no any lo…
We obtain necessary conditions for the existence of complete vertical graphs of constant mean curvature in the Hyperbolic and Steady State spaces. In the two-dimensional case we prove Bernstein-type results in each of these ambient spaces.
In this paper, we generalize the geometry of the product pseudo-Riemannian manifold equipped with the product Poisson structure (\cite{Nas2}) to the geometry of a warped product of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds equipped with a warped Poisson structure. We construct three bivector fields on a product manifold and show that each of them lead under certain conditions to a Poisson structure. One of these bivector fields will be called the warped bivector field. For a warped product of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds equipped with a warped bivector field, we compute the corresponding contravariant Levi-C…
The main objective of this paper is to study pseudo-projective tensor on sequential warped products and then to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequential warped product to be pseudo-projectively flat. Moreover, we also provide characterization of pseudo-projectively flat sequential generalized Robertson-Walker and pseudo-projectively flat sequential standard static spacetimes.S
We study warped products semi-Riemannian Einstein manifolds. We consider the case in that the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo Euclidean space and invariant under the action of an translation group. We provide all such solutions in the case Ricci flat when the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, invariant under the action of an translation group and the fiber F is Ricci flat. In particular, we obtain explicit solutions, in the case vacuum, for the Einstein field equation.
In this note, we introduce a new type of warped products called as sequential warped products to cover a wider variety of exact solutions to Einstein's equation. First, we study the geometry of sequential warped products and obtain covariant derivatives, curvature tensor, Ricci curvature and scalar curvature formulas. Then some important consequences of these formulas are also stated. We provide characterizations of geodesics and two different types of conformal vector fields, namely, Killing vector fields and concircular vector fields on sequential warped product manifolds. Finally, we consid…
We investigate manifolds obtained as a quotient of a doubly warped product. We show that they are always covered by the product of two suitable leaves. This allows us to prove, under regularity hypothesis, that these manifolds are a doubly warped product up to a zero measure subset formed by an union of leaves. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition which ensures the decomposition of the whole manifold and use it to give sufficient conditions of geometrical nature. Finally, we study the uniqueness of direct product decomposition in the non simply connected case.
In this paper, the first Chen inequality is proved for general warped product submanifolds in Riemannian space forms, this inequality involves intrinsic invariants ($δ$-invariant and sectional curvature) controlled by an extrinsic one (the mean curvature vector), which provides an answer for Problem 1. As a geometric application, this inequality is applied to derive a necessary condition for the immersed submanifold to be minimal in Riemannian space forms, which presents a partial answer for the well-known problem proposed by S.S. Chern, Problem 2. For further research directions, we address a…
We find the necessary conditions for a sequential warped product manifold to be a quasi-Einstein manifold. We also investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequential standard static space-time and a sequential generalized Robertson-Walker space-time to be a manifold of quasi-constant curvature.
We characterize Ricci almost solitons on semi-Riemannian warped products, considering the potential function to depend on the fiber or not. We show that the fiber is necessarily an Einstein manifold. As a consequence of our characterization we prove that when the potential function depends on the fiber, if the gradient of the warping function does not act by translations then the base and the warped product are also Einstein manifolds. Moreover, we show the existence of conformal vector fields on the base, the fiber and on the warped product. Assuming completeness of the warped product we prov…
We introduce sequential warped product submanifolds of Kaehler manifolds, provide examples and establish Chen's inequality for such submanifolds. The equality case is also studied. Moreover, by inspiring Lawson and Simons's integral currrent's theorem on a submanifold, we find a similar pinching inequality for a sequential warped product submanifold and obtain geometric results when the equality case is satisfied.
Let $(M_1,g_1)$ and $(M_2,g_2)$ be two $C^\infty$--differentiable connected, complete Riemannian manifolds, $k:M_1\to\mathbb R$ a $C^\infty$--differentiable function, having $0<k_0<k(x)\leq K_0$, for any $x\in M_1$ and $g:=g_1-kg_2$ the semi Riemannian metric on the product manifold $M:=M_1\times M_2$. We associate to $g$ a suitable family of Riemannian metrics $G_r+g_2$, with $r>-K_0^{-1}$, on $M$ and we call Riemannian geodesics of $g$ the geodesics of $g$ which are geodesics of a metric of the previous family, via a suitable reparametrization. Among the properties of these geodesics, we quo…
We prove conformal versions of the local decomposition theorems of de Rham and Hiepko of a Riemannian manifold as a Riemannian or a warped product of Riemannian manifolds. Namely, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Riemannian manifold to be locally conformal to either a Riemannian or a warped product. We also obtain other related de Rham-type decomposition theorems. As an application, we study Riemannian manifolds that admit a Codazzi tensor with two distinct eigenvalues everywhere.
In this paper we study fundamental geometric properties of doubly warped product immersion which is an extension of warped product immersion. Moreover, we study geometric inequality for doubly warped products isometrically immersed in arbitrary Riemannian manifolds.
In this paper, we introduce semi-symmetric metric Koszul forms and semi-symmetric non-metric Koszul forms on singular semi-Riemannian manifolds. Semi-symmetric metric Koszul forms and semi-symmetric non-metric Koszul forms and their curvature of semi-regular warped products are expressed in terms of those of the factor manifolds. We also introduce Koszul forms associated to the almost product structure on singular almost product semi-Riemannian manifolds. Koszul forms associated to the almost product structure and their curvature of semi-regular almost product warped products are expressed in …
In the present paper we prove Liouville-type theorems: non-existence theorems for complete twisted and warped products of Riemannian manifolds which generalize and complement similar results for compact manifolds.
We classify Riemannian surfaces admitting associated families in three dimensional homogeneous spaces with four-dimensional isometry groups and in a wide family of (semi-Riemannian) warped products, with an extra natural condition (namely, rotating structure vector field). We prove that, provided the surface is not totally umbilical, such families exist in both cases if, and only if, the ambient manifold is a product and the surface is minimal. In particular, there exists no associated families of surfaces with rotating structure vector field in the Heisenberg group.
We consider the warped product manifold, $\mathbb{R}_+ \times_{\bf{Id}} M^n$, with Riemannian metric $γ\equiv \mathrm{d} r^2 \oplus r^2 σ$, where $(M^n, σ)$ is a smooth closed Riemannian $n$-manifold. We investigate what sufficient curvature condition is required of $σ$ to ensure that a solution to the inverse mean curvature flow - commencing with a star-shaped surface - exists for all times $t>0$.
In this paper we study gradient Ricci-Harmonic soliton with structure of warped product manifold. We obtain some triviality results for the potential function, warping function and the harmonic map which reaches maximum or minimum. In order to obtain nontrivial examples of warped product gradient Ricci-harmonic soliton, we consider the base and fiber conformal to a semi-Euclidean space which is invariant under the action of a translation group of co-dimension one. This approach provide infinitely many geodesically complete examples in the semi-Riemannian context, which is not contemplated in t…
The special nature of gradient Yamabe soliton equation which was first observed by Cao-Sun-Zhang\cite{CaoSunZhang} shows that a complete gradient Yamabe soliton with non-constant potential function is either defined on the Euclidean space with rotational symmetry, or on the warped product of the real line with a manifold of constant scalar curvature. In this paper we consider the classification in the latter case. We show that a complete gradient steady Yamabe soliton on warped product is necessarily isometric to the Riemannian product. In the shrinking case, we show that there is a continuous…
The long-time existence and umbilicity estimates for compact, graphical solutions to expanding curvature flows are deduced in Riemannian warped products of a real interval with a compact fibre. Notably we do not assume the ambient manifold to be rotationally symmetric, nor the radial curvature to converge, nor a lower bound on the ambient sectional curvature. The inverse speeds are given by powers $p\leq 1$ of a curvature function satisfying few common properties.
We prove that there exist solutions for a non-parametric capillary problem in a wide class of Riemannian manifolds endowed with a Killing vector field. In other terms, we prove the existence of Killing graphs with prescribed mean curvature and prescribed contact angle along its boundary. These results may be useful for modelling stationary hypersurfaces under the influence of a non-homogeneous gravitational field defined over an arbitrary Riemannian manifold.
In this paper we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a nondegenerate arbitrary signature manifold $M^n$ to be realized as a submanifold in the large class of warped product manifolds $\varepsilon I\times_a\mathbb{M}^{N}_λ(c)$, where $\varepsilon=\pm 1,\ a:I\subset\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}^+$ is the scale factor and $\mathbb{M}^{N}_λ(c)$ is the $N$-dimensional semi-Riemannian space form of index $λ$ and constant curvature $c\in\{-1,1\}.$ We prove that if $M^n$ satisfies Gauss, Codazzi and Ricci equations for a submanifold in $\varepsilon I\times_a\mathbb{M}^{N}_λ(c)$, along with some add…
The warped product $N_1\times_f N_2$ of two Riemannian manifolds $(N_1,g_1)$ and $(N_2,g_2)$ is the product manifold $N_1\times N_2$ equipped with the warped product metric $g=g_1+f^2 g_2$, where $f$ is a positive function on $N_1$. The notion of warped product manifolds is one of the most fruitful generalizations of Riemannian products. Such notion plays very important roles in differential geometry as well as in physics, especially in general relativity. Warped product manifolds have been studied for a long period of time. In contrast, the study of warped product submanifolds was only initia…
We present the necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing gradient Ricci almost solitons that are realized as warped products. This will be done by means of Bishop-O'Neill's formulas and a particular study of Riemannian manifolds satisfying a Ricci-Hessian type equation. We prove existence results and give an example of particular solutions of the PDEs that arise from our construction. We also prove a rigidity result for a gradient Ricci soliton Riemannian product in the class of gradient Ricci almost soliton warped products under some natural geometric assumptions on the warping fun…
In this paper we establish a general inequality involving the Laplacian of the warping functions and the squared mean curvature of any doubly warped product isometrically immersed in a Riemannian manifold. Moreover, we obtain some geometric inequalities for C-totally real doubly warped product submanifolds of generalized $(κ,μ)$-space forms.
Given a warped product of the real line with a Riemannian manifold of arbitrary dimension, we classify the hypersurfaces whose tangent spaces make a constant angle with the vector field tangent to the real direction. We show that this is a natural setting in which to extend previous results in this direction made by several authors. Moreover, when the constant angle hypersurface is a graph over the Riemannian manifold, we show that the function involved satisfies a generalized eikonal equation, which we solve via a geometric method. In the final part of this paper we prove that minimal constan…
In this paper we review $G_2$ and $Spin(7)$ geometries in relation with a special type of metric structure which we call warped-like product metric. We present a general ansatz of warped-like product metric as a definition of warped-like product. Considering fiber-base decomposition, the definition of warped-like product is regarded as a generalization of multiply-warped product manifolds, by allowing the fiber metric to be non block diagonal. For some special cases, we present explicit example of $(3+3+2)$ warped-like product manifolds with $Spin(7)$ holonomy of the form $M=F\times B$, where …
We give estimates on the intrinsic and the extrinsic curvature of manifolds that are isometrically immersed as cylindrically bounded submanifolds of warped products. We also address extensions of the results in the case of submanifolds of the total space of a Riemannian submersion.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a semi-Riemannian manifold of arbitrary signature to be locally isometrically immersed into certain warped products. Then, we describe a way to use the structure equations of such immersions to construct foliations of marginally trapped surfaces in a four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes. We point out that, sometimes, Gauss and Codazzi equations are not sufficient to ensure the existence of a local isometric immersion of a semi-Riemannian manifold as a hypersurface of another manifold. We finally give two low-dimensional examples to illustrate o…
We study Ricci-Bourguignon solitons on sequential warped products. The necessary conditions are obtained for a Ricci-Bourguignon soliton with the structure of a sequential warped product to be an Einstein manifold when we consider the potential field as a Killing or a conformal vector field.
We characterize Osserman and conformally Osserman Riemannian manifolds with the local structure of a warped product. By means of this approach we analyze the twisted product structure and obtain, as a consequence, that the only Osserman manifolds which can be written as a twisted product are those of constant curvature.
In this article, we study the problem of the existence and nonexistence of warping function associated with constant scalar curvature on pseudo-Riemannian Poisson warped product space under the assumption that fiber space has constant scalar curvature. We characterize the warping function on Einstein Poisson warped space by taking the various dimensions of base space $B$ (i.e; (1). $dim B=1,$ (2). $dim B=2,$ (3). $dim B\geq3$).
In this paper, we define the semi-symmetric metric connection on super Riemannian manifolds. We compute the semi-symmetric metric connection and its curvature tensor and its Ricci tensor on super warped product spaces. We introduce two kind of super warped product spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection and give the conditions under which these two super warped product spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection are the Einstein super spaces with the semi-symmetric metric connection.
In this paper, We construct the symmetric tensor field $G_{f_1f_2}$ and $h_{f_1f_2}$ on a product manifold and we give conditions under which $G_{f_1f_2}$ becomes a metric tensor, theses tensors fields will be called the generalized warped product, and then we develop an expression of curvature for the connection of the generalized warped product in relation to those corresponding analogues of its base and fiber and warping functions. By constructing a frame field in $M_1\times_{f_1f_2}M_2$ with respect to the Riemannian metric $G_{f_1f_2}$ and $h_{f_1f_2}$, then we calculate the Laplacian$-$B…
In this article the degenerate warped products of singular semi-Riemannian manifolds are studied. They were used recently by the author to handle singularities occurring in General Relativity, in black holes and at the big-bang. One main result presented here is that a degenerate warped product of semi-regular semi-Riemannian manifolds with the warping function satisfying a certain condition is a semi-regular semi-Riemannian manifold. The connection and the Riemann curvature of the warped product are expressed in terms of those of the factor manifolds. Examples of singular semi-Riemannian mani…
We study curve shortening flows in two types of warped product manifolds. These manifolds are $S^1\times N$ with two types of warped metrics where $S^1$ is the unit circle in $R^2$ and $N$ is a closed Riemannian manifold. If the initial curve is a graph over $S^1$, then its curve shortening flow exists for all times and finally converges to a geodesic closed curve.
The purpose of this note is to provide some volume estimates for Einstein warped products similar to a classical result due to Calabi and Yau for complete Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. To do so, we make use of the approach of quasi-Einstein manifolds which is directly related to Einstein warped product. In particular, we present an obstruction for the existence of such a class of manifolds.
