Nicolas Bédaride, Arnaud Hilion, Martin Lustig
In this note we show that for any subshift $X$ of finite $S$-rank every invariant measure $μ$ is determined by its values on finitely many cylinders. Under mild conditions these cylinders are given by the letters of the alphabet in question.
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We study topological factors of rank-one subshifts and prove that those factors that are themselves subshifts are either finite or isomorphic to the original rank-one subshifts. Thus, we completely characterize the subshift factors of rank-one subshifts.
Subshifts of finite symbolic rank
本文受遍历理论启发研究有限符号秩子移位，证明其与有限拓扑秩极小Cantor系统的关系，刻画秩1子移位共轭类的稠密性与非通有性，还探讨了其拓扑因子性质。
We study topological mixing properties and the maximal equicontinuous factor of rank-one subshifts as topological dynamical systems. We show that the maximal equicontinuous factor of a rank-one subshift is finite. We also determine all the finite factors of a rank-one shift with a condition involving the cutting and spacer parameters. For rank-one subshifts with bounded spacer parameter we completely characterize weak mixing and mixing. For rank-one subshifts with unbounded spacer parameter we prove some sufficient conditions for weak mixing and mixing. We also construct some examples showing …
This paper studies several aspects of symbolic factors of $\mathcal{S}$-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. First, we address a problem raised in [DDPM20] about the topological rank of symbolic factors of $\mathcal{S}$-adic subshifts and prove that this rank is at most the one of the extension system, improving results from [E20] and [GH2020]. As a consequence of our methods, we prove that finite topological rank systems are coalescent. Second, we investigate the structure of fibers $π^{-1}(y)$ of factor maps $π\colon(X,T)\to(Y,T)$ between minimal $\mathcal{S}$-adic subshifts of finite alp…
This paper studies several aspects of symbolic ({\em i.e.}\ subshift) factors of $\mathcal{S}$-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. First, we address a problem raised in [DDPM20] about the topological rank of symbolic factors of $\mathcal{S}$-adic subshifts and prove that this rank is at most the one of the extension system, improving results from [E20] and [GH2020]. As a consequence of our methods, we prove that finite topological rank systems are coalescent. Second, we investigate the structure of fibers $π^{-1}(y)$ of factor maps $π\colon(X,T)\to(Y,S)$ between minimal $\mathcal{S}$-adic …
Minimal Cantor systems of finite topological rank (that can be represented by a Bratteli-Vershik diagram with a uniformly bounded number of vertices per level) are known to have dynamical rigidity properties. We establish that such systems, when they are expansive, define the same class of systems, up to topological conjugacy, as primitive and recognizable ${\mathcal S}$-adic subshifts. This is done establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for a minimal subshift to be of finite topological rank. As an application, we show that minimal subshifts with non-superlinear complexity (like all…
It has been recently proved that the automorphism group of a minimal subshift with non-superlinear word complexity is virtually $\mathbb{Z}$ [DDPM15, CK15]. In this article we extend this result to a broader class proving that the automorphism group of a minimal S-adic subshift of finite alphabet rank is virtually $\mathbb{Z}$. The proof is based on a fine combinatorial analysis of the asymptotic classes in this type of subshifts, which we prove are a finite number.
On finite spacer rank for words and subshifts
本文扩展了Gao和Hill的秩一符号移位概念，提出了字词与子移位的“间隔符秩”，构造了不同秩的无穷字词，给出了代换不动点至多间隔符秩二的条件，并证明了有限间隔符秩子移位拓扑熵为零及相关性质。
Word Complexity of (Measure-Theoretically) Weakly Mixing Rank-One Subshifts
本文研究一阶子位移的词复杂度，构造了容许弱混合测度且复杂度渐近接近1.5q的子位移，并证明非里程表一阶变换对应的子位移满足limsup p(q)-1.5q=∞，且该结果最优。
Explicit formulas for complexity and unique invariant measure of the period-doubling subshift can be derived from those for the Thue-Morse subshift, obtained by Brlek, De Luca and Varricchio, and Dekking. In this note we give direct proofs based on combinatorial properties of the period-doubling sequence. We also derive explicit formulas for correlation integral and other recurrence characteristics of the period-doubling subshift. As a corollary we obtain that the determinism of this subshift converges to 1 as the distance threshold approaches 0.
We prove that a shift ergodic measure on a topologically mixing sub-shift is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift whenever it is quasi invariant under permutations of finite number of coordinates. We prove also that Gibbs measures on topologically mixing subshift of finite type are quasi invariant.
The class of substitutions of some primitive components is introduced. A bilateral subshift arising from a substitution of some primitive components is decomposed into pairwise disjoint, locally compact, shift-invariant sets, on each of which an invariant Radon measure is unique up to scaling. It is completely characterized in terms of eigenvalues of an incidence matrix when the unique invariant measure is finite.
Dynamical properties of minimal Ferenczi subshifts
本文研究了具有有界间隔的秩一子移位的动力学性质，通过S-adic表示方法计算了拓扑秩、轨道等价类，并分析了其诱导系统的谱性质及特征值。
We show that for every metrizable Choquet simplex $K$ and for every group $G$, which is infinite, countable, amenable and residually finite, there exists a Toeplitz $G$-subshift whose set of shift-invariant probability measures is affine homeomorphic to $K$. Furthermore, we get that for every integer $d\geq 1$ and every Toeplitz flow $(X,T)$, there exists a Toeplitz ${\mathbb Z}^d$-subshift which is topologically orbit equivalent to $(X,T)$.
We give a sufficient condition for the simplex of invariant measures for a hereditary system to be Poulsen. In particular, we show that this simplex is Poulsen in case of positive entropy $\mathscr{B}$-free systems. We also give an example of a positive entropy hereditary system whose simplex of invariant measures is not Poulsen.
In this paper, we consider which kind of invariant measure on hereditary subshifts is not Gibbs measure. For the hereditary closure of a subshift $(X,S)$, we prove that in some situation, the invariant measure $ν*B_{p,1-p}$ can not be a Gibbs measure where $ν$ is an invariant measure on $(X,S)$. As an application, we show that for some $\B$-free subshifts, the unique equilibrium state $ν_η*B_{p,1-p}$ is not Gibbs measure.
It is shown that for a non-singular conservative shift on a topologically mixing Markov subshift with Doeblin Condition the only possible absolutely continuous shift-invariant measure is a Markov measure. Moreover, if it is not equivalent to a homogeneous Markov measure then the shift is of Krieger-type $\mathrm{III}_1$. A criterion for equivalence of Markov measures is included.
Using techniques developed in \cite{KLR}, we verify Sarnak's conjecture for two classes of rank-one subshifts with unbounded cutting parameters. The first class of rank-one subshifts we consider are called {\em almost complete congruency classes} ({\em accc}), the definition of which is motivated by the main result of \cite{GS}, which implies that, when a rank-one subshift carries a unique non-atomic invariant probability measure, it is accc if it is measure-theoretically isomorphic to an odometer. The second class we consider consists of Katok's map and its generalizations.
Toeplitz subshifts of finite rank
本文研究有限拓扑秩 Toeplitz 子移位，通过构造反例否定刻画问题并证明强 Toeplitz 子移位集合的通有性，同时确定拓扑秩 2 情形下共轭等分类问题的复杂度，并刻画其自同构群结构。
We show the existence of a bounded Borel measurable saturated compensation function for a factor map between subshifts. As an application, we find the Hausdorff dimension and measures of full Hausdorff dimension for a compact invariant set of an expanding nonconformal map on the torus given by an integer-valued diagonal matrix. These problems were studied in [19] for a compact invariant set whose symbolic representation is a shift of finite type under the condition of the existence of a saturated compensation function. We extend the results by presenting a formula for the Hausdorff dimension f…
We will study a certain synchronizing property of subshifts called $λ$-synchronization. The $λ$-synchronizing subshifts form a large class of irreducible subshifts containing irreducible sofic shifts. We prove that the $λ$-synchronization is invariant under flow equivalence of subshifts. The $λ$-synchronizing K-groups and the $λ$-synchronizing Bowen-Franks groups are studied and proved to be invariant under flow equivalence of $λ$-synchronizing subshifts. They are new flow equivalence invariants for $λ$-synchronizing subshifts.
Topo-isomorphisms of irregular Toeplitz subshifts for residually finite groups
针对每个可数剩余有限群，构造了不规则Toeplitz子移位作为极大等连续因子的拓扑同构扩展，并证明了相关充分条件及非空性，为顺从群提供了非正则平均拟连续扩展。
We introduce a class of rank-one transformations, which we call extremely elevated staircase transformations. We prove that they are measure-theoretically mixing and, for any $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ with $f(n)/n$ increasing and $\sum 1/f(n) < \infty$, that there exists an extremely elevated staircase with word complexity $p(n) = o(f(n))$. This improves the previously lowest known complexity for mixing subshifts, resolving a conjecture of Ferenczi.
Given a $k$-graph $Λ$ we construct a Markov space $M_Λ$, and a collection of $k$ pairwise commuting cellular automata on $M_Λ$, providing for a factorization of Markov's shift. Iterating these maps we obtain an action of ${\mathbb N}^k$ on $M_Λ$ which is then used to form a semidirect product groupoid $M_Λ\rtimes {\mathbb N}^k$. This groupoid turns out to be identical to the path groupoid constructed by Kumjian and Pask, and hence its C*-algebra is isomorphic to the higher rank graph C*-algebra of $Λ$.
We introduce subshifts of quasi-finite type as a generalization of the well-known subshifts of finite type. This generalization is much less rigid and therefore contains the symbolic dynamics of many non-uniform systems, e.g., piecewise monotonic maps of the interval with positive entropy. Yet many properties remain: existence of finitely many ergodic invariant probabilities of maximum entropy; lots of periodic points; meromorphic extension of the Artin-Mazur zeta function.
We define the finite extension property for $d$-dimensional subshifts, which generalizes the topological strong spatial mixing condition defined by Briceño (2016), and we prove that this property is invariant under topological conjugacy. Moreover, we prove that for every $d$, every $d$-dimensional block gluing subshift factors onto every $d$-dimensional subshift which has strictly lower entropy, a fixed point, and the finite extension property. This result extends a theorem from Boyle, Pavlov, and Schraudner (2010), which requires that the factor contain a safe symbol.
We discuss some numerical invariants of multidimensional shifts of finite type (SFTs) which are associated with the growth rates of the number of admissible finite configurations. Extending an unpublished example of Tsirelson, we show that growth complexities of the form $\exp(n^α)$ are possible for non-integer $α$'s. In terminology of Carvalho, such subshifts have entropy dimension $α$. The class of possible $α$'s are identified in terms of arithmetical classes of real numbers of Weihrauch and Zheng.
Stable covers of subshifts
本文研究子移位的稳定性覆盖，通过熵衰减和周期点两种方式证明其稳定化，并展示产生特征测度的机制。
On the structure of the Birkhoff-irregular set for subshifts of finite type
针对拓扑混合有限型子移位，本文证明 Birkhoff 不规则集包含不可数个两两不交、稠密且具有全拓扑熵与全 Hausdorff 维数的不变子集。
In this paper we study the quenched distributions of hitting times for a class of random dynamical systems. We prove that hitting times to dynamically defined cylinders converge to a Poisson point process under the law of random equivariant measures with super-polynomial decay of correlations. In particular, we apply our results to uniformly aperiodic random subshifts of finite type equipped with random invariant Gibbs measures. We emphasize that we make no assumptions about the mixing property of the marginal measure.
We consider the problem of when a symbolic dynamical system supports a Borel probability measure that is invariant under every element of its automorphism group. It follows readily from a classical result of Parry that the full shift on finitely many symbols, and more generally any mixing subshift of finite type, supports such a measure. Frisch and Tamuz recently dubbed such measures characteristic, and further showed that every zero entropy subshift has a characteristic measure. While it remains open if every subshift over a finite alphabet has a characteristic measure, we define a new class …
Invariant measures of Toeplitz subshifts on non-amenable groups
本文针对可数剩余有限群构造具有任意给定数目遍历测度的Toeplitz子移，使其测度论动力系统同构于群紧化上的Haar测度系统，并讨论了非顺从群情形下的差异与障碍。
A subshift with linear block complexity has at most countably many ergodic measures, and we continue of the study of the relation between such complexity and the invariant measures. By constructing minimal subshifts whose block complexity is arbitrarily close to linear but has uncountably many ergodic measures, we show that this behavior fails as soon as the block complexity is superlinear. With a different construction, we show that there exists a minimal subshift with an ergodic measure whose slow entropy grows slower than any given rate tending to infinitely but faster than any other rate m…
We discuss a method of calculating the zeta function of subshifts which have a presentation by a finite directed graph labeled by elements of the associated inverse semigroup. This class of subshifts is introduced as a class of property A subshifts(T.Hamachi, K.Inoue and W.Krieger/Subsystems of finite type and semigroup invariants of subshifts, preprint), and the Dyck shift and the Motzkin shift are representative subshifts in this class. The exact number of the periodic points and entropies are also given by this method, and these values are used in the embedding condition for an irreducible …
For a mixing shift of finite type, the associated automorphism group has a rich algebraic structure, and yet we have few criteria to distinguish when two such groups are isomorphic. We introduce a stabilization of the automorphism group, study its algebraic properties, and use them to distinguish many of the stabilized automorphism groups. We also show that for a full shift, the subgroup of the stabilized automorphism group generated by elements of finite order is simple, and that the stabilized automorphism group is an extension of a free abelian group of finite rank by this simple group.
Gao, Jackson, and Seward (see arXiv:1201.0513) proved that every countably infinite group $Γ$ admits a nonempty free subshift $X \subseteq \{0,1\}^Γ$. Furthermore, a theorem of Seward and Tucker-Drob (see arXiv:1402.4184) implies that every countably infinite group $Γ$ admits a free subshift $X \subseteq \{0,1\}^Γ$ that supports an invariant probability measure. Aubrun, Barbieri, and Thomassé (see arXiv:1507.03369) used the Lovász Local Lemma to give a short alternative proof of the Gao--Jackson--Seward theorem. Recently, Elek (see arXiv:1702.01631) followed another approach involving the Lová…
Existence of Gibbs measures for sequences of continuous functions
本文给出了单边子移位上连续函数序列存在不变吉布斯测度的等价条件，并推广到一般吉布斯测度，特别刻画了次可加序列的不变吉布斯测度存在性。
If $\mathcal{A}$ is a finite set (alphabet), the shift dynamical system consists of the space $\mathcal{A}^{\mathbb{N}}$ of sequences with entries in $\mathcal{A}$, along with the left shift operator $S$. Closed $S$-invariant subsets are called subshifts and arise naturally as encodings of other systems. In this paper, we study the number of ergodic measures for transitive subshifts under a condition ("regular bispecial condition") on the possible extensions of words in the associated language. Our main result shows that under this condition, the subshift can support at most $\frac{K+1}{2}$ er…
In this paper we show that for every congruent monotileable amenable group $G$ and for every metrizable Choquet simplex $K$, there exists a minimal $G$-subshift, which is free on a full measure set, whose set of invariant probability measures is affine homeomorphic to $K$. If the group is virtually abelian, the subshift is free. Congruent monotileable amenable groups are a generalization of amenable residually finite groups. In particular, we show that this class contains all the infinite countable virtually nilpotent groups. This article is a generalization to congruent monotileable amenable …
We study the thermodynamic formalism for particular types of sub-additive sequences on a class of subshifts over countable alphabets. The subshifts we consider include factors of irreducible countable Markov shifts under certain conditions. We show the variational principle for topological pressure. We also study conditions for the existence and uniqueness of invariant ergodic Gibbs measures and the uniqueness of equilibrium states. As an application, we extend the theory of factors of (generalized) Gibbs measures on subshifts on finite alphabets to that on certain subshifts over countable alp…
Higher-rank graphs (or $k$-graphs) were introduced by Kumjian and Pask to provide combinatorial models for the higher-rank Cuntz-Krieger $C^*$-algebras of Robertson and Steger. Here we consider a family of finite 2-graphs whose path spaces are dynamical systems of algebraic origin, as studied by Schmidt and others. We analyse the $C^*$-algebras of these 2-graphs, find criteria under which they are simple and purely infinite, and compute their $K$-theory. We find examples whose $C^*$-algebras satisfy the hypotheses of the classification theorem of Kirchberg and Phillips, but are not isomorphic …
Let $π:X\to Y$ be a factor map, where $(X,σ_X)$ and $(Y,σ_Y)$ are subshifts over finite alphabets. Assume that $X$ satisfies weak specification. Let $\ba=(a_1,a_2)\in \R^2$ with $a_1>0$ and $a_2\geq 0$. Let $f$ be a continuous function on $X$ with sufficient regularity (Hölder continuity, for instance). We show that there is a unique shift invariant measure $μ$ on $X$ that maximizes $μ(f)+a_1h_μ(σ_X)+ a_2h_{μ\circ π^{-1}}(σ_Y)$. In particular, taking $f\equiv 0$ we see that there is a unique invariant measure $μ$ on $X$ that maximizes the weighted entropy $a_1h_μ(σ_X)+ a_2h_{μ\circ π^{-1}}(σ_Y…
C*-Algebras of one-sided subshifts over arbitrary alphabets
本文为任意（可能无限）字母表上的子移构造C*-代数，证明其为拓扑共轭的完全不变量，并研究等距共轭与连续轨道等价下的不变性，同时给出K-理论计算方法。
Multiple partial rigidity rates in low complexity subshifts
该研究通过显式构造证明，对任意整数d≥1，存在具有d个不同部分刚性率遍历测度的极小子转移，这类低复杂度$\mathcal{S}$-adic子转移具有非超线性字复杂度与零熵，丰富了部分刚性的动力系统实例。
Entropy and complexity in a strong orbit equivalence class via pseudo-Toeplitz subshifts
本文通过构造伪Toeplitz子移位，在任意强轨道等价类中实现了对拓扑熵和因子复杂性的精确控制，从而推广了Sugisaki的结果，并证明了任何Choquet单纯形可作为具有可控复杂性的Toeplitz子移位的测度集。
We present constructions of countable two-dimensional subshifts of finite type (SFTs) with interesting properties. Our main focus is on properties of the topological derivatives and subpattern posets of these objects. We present a countable SFT whose iterated derivatives are maximally complex from the computational point of view, constructions of countable SFTs with high Cantor-Bendixson ranks, a countable SFT whose subpattern poset contains an infinite descending chain and a countable SFT whose subpattern poset contains all finite posets. When possible, we make these constructions determinist…
Universality of G-subshifts with specification
该研究针对无限可数顺从群$G$，证明含自由元且具规格化性质的$G$-子转移系统是普遍的，可通过转移不变测度与满足熵条件的自由遍历$G$-作用同构，含自由元的$K$-转移亦有此性质。
Medvedev degrees of subshifts on groups
研究子移位在群上的梅德维埃德度数，通过代数和几何关系转移度数，对有限生成群的有限类型子移位进行分类，证明超几何平面准等距群具有非零度数。
Negative $β$-transformations: invariant measures, matching properties and associated subshifts
本文研究负β变换的不变测度，证明不同非整数β下不变测度相同当且仅当β是二次方程根，且证明负β变换对所有广义多尼卡数具有匹配性质。
We show that within any strong orbit equivalent class, there exist minimal subshifts with arbitrarily low superlinear complexity. This is done by proving that for any simple dimension group with unit $(G,G^+,u)$ and any sequence of positive numbers $(p_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ such that $\lim n/p_n=0$, there exist a minimal subshift whose dimension group is order isomorphic to $(G,G^+,u)$ and whose complexity function grows slower than $p_n$. As a consequence, we get that any Choquet simplex can be realized as the set of invariant measures of a minimal Toeplitz subshift whose complexity grows slow…
In this paper we study the distribution of hitting times for a class of random dynamical systems. We prove that for invariant measures with super-polynomial decay of correlations hitting times to dynamically defined cylinders satisfy exponential distribution. Similar results are obtained for random expanding maps. We emphasize that what we establish is a quenched exponential law for hitting times.
Almost automorphic systems have invariant measures
本文证明非amenable可数群在紧致空间上的几乎自同构作用（具有Cantor集极大等度连续因子）承认不变概率测度，从而Toeplitz子移位不能检验amenability，并给出相关扩展与稠密性结果。
Let L:= Z^D be the D-dimensional lattice and let A^L be the Cantor space of L-indexed configurations in some finite alphabet A, with the natural L-action by shifts. A `cellular automaton' is a continuous, shift-commuting self-map F of A^L, and an `F-invariant subshift' is a closed, F-invariant and shift-invariant subset X of A^L. Suppose x is a configuration in A^L that is X-admissible everywhere except for some small region we call a `defect'. It has been empirically observed that such defects persist under iteration of F, and often propagate like `particles' which coalesce or annihilate on c…
By using C*-correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we associate to every subshift (also called a shift space) $X$ a C*-algebra $O_X$, which is a generalization of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We show that $O_X$ is the universal C*-algebra generated by partial isometries satisfying relations given by $X$. We also show that $O_X$ is a one-sided conjugacy invariant of $X$.
We define canonical subshift of finite type cover for Williams' 1-dimensional generalized solenoids, and use resulting invariants to distinguish some closely related solenoids.
Basic thermodynamical formalism for sandwich subshifts
本文研究了夹层子移位的基本热力学形式化，引入并分析了遗传与从属子移位及其双侧类比的测度论性质，受 $\mathscr{B}$-free 系统理论启发。
For SFTs, any equilibrium measure is Gibbs, as long a $f$ has $d$-summable variation. This is a theorem of Lanford and Ruelle. Conversely, a theorem of Dobru{š}in states that for strongly-irreducible subshifts, shift-invariant Gibbs-measures are equilibrium measures. Here we prove a generalization of the Lanford-Ruelle theorem: for all subshifts, any equilibrium measure for a function with $d$-summable variation is "topologically Gibbs". This is a relaxed notion which coincides with the usual notion of a Gibbs measure for SFTs. In the second part of the paper, we study Gibbs and equilibrium me…
We prove that any divisible dynamical simplex is the set of invariant measures of some Toeplitz subshift. We apply our construction to prove that orbit equivalence of Toeplitz subshifts is Borel bireducible to the universal equivalence relation induced by a Borel action of a nonarchimedean Polish group.
We show that the $\mathscr{B}$-free subshift $(S,X_{\mathscr{B}})$ associated to a $\mathscr{B}$-free system is intrinsically ergodic, i.e.\ it has exactly one measure of maximal entropy. Moreover, we study invariant measures for such systems. It is proved that each ergodic invariant measure is of joining type, determined by a joining of the Mirsky measure of a $\mathscr{B}'$-free subshift contained in $(S,X_{\mathscr{B}})$ and an ergodic invariant measure of the full shift on $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{Z}}$. Moreover, each ergodic joining type measure yields a measure-theoretic dynamical system with i…
Let $\Om$ be a Borel subset of $S^\Bbb N$ where $S$ is countable. A measure is called exchangeable on $\Om$, if it is supported on $\Om$ and is invariant under every Borel automorphism of $\Om$ which permutes at most finitely many coordinates. De-Finetti's theorem characterizes these measures when $\Om=S^\Bbb N$. We apply the ergodic theory of equivalence relations to study the case $\Om\neq S^\Bbb N$, and obtain versions of this theorem when $\Om$ is a countable state Markov shift, and when $\Om$ is the collection of beta expansions of real numbers in $[0,1]$ (a non-Markovian constraint).
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