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arXiv 2007.05418physics.ins-dethep-ex
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硅探测器在极端中子注量下的测量

Measurements with silicon detectors at extreme neutron fluences

I. Mandić, V. Cindro, A. Gorišek, B. Hiti, G. Kramberger, M. Mikuž, M. Zavrtanik, P. Skomina, S. Hidalgo, G. Pellegrini

摘要:

用反应堆中子辐照由75 μ m厚的低电阻率衬底上的外延硅制成的薄垫探测器,辐照剂量从2.5 $\times 10^{16}$ n/cm $^2$到1 $\times 10^{17}$ n/cm $^2$。边缘TCT测量表明,有源探测器的厚度仅限于外延层,即使在最高注量后也不会延伸到低电阻率衬底中。在反向和正向偏压下测量检测器电流。在相同电压下,正向电流大于反向电流,但随着注量的增加,两者的差别逐渐减小。在反向偏压下,观察到电流(击穿)在~ 700 V以上快速增加。在60 $^\circ$ ℃下进行退火研究,累积退火时间为1200分钟。结果表明,反向电流退火的时间常数与在较低注量下测得的时间常数相似。由于退火,可以看到正向电流的小幅增加。在正向和反向偏置配置下,用来自$^{90}$ Sr源的电子测量收集的电荷。在反向偏压下,收集的电荷随偏压线性增加,在2.5 $\times 10^{16}$ n/cm $^2$下高达6000个电子,在1 $\times 10^{17}$ n/cm $^2$下高达3000个电子。在$\sim$ 700 V反向偏压以上,由于击穿导致信噪比变差,测量到噪声快速增加。在低偏置电压下,与反向偏置相比,在正向偏压下测量到稍微更多的电荷。然而,在反向偏置下实现更好的S/N。根据正向偏压下的电荷收集测量估计有效捕获时间,表明在高通量下,它们比从低通量测量外推的值长得多-在1 $\times 10^{17}$ n/cm $^2$下,测量到的值大6倍。

英文摘要:

Thin pad detectors made from 75 $μ$m thick epitaxial silicon on low resistivity substrate were irradiated with reactor neutrons to fluences from 2.5$\times 10^{16}$ n/cm$^2$ to 1$\times 10^{17}$ n/cm$^2$. Edge-TCT measurements showed that the active detector thickness is limited to the epitaxial layer and does not extend into the low resistivity substrate even after the highest fluence. Detector current was measured under reverse and forward bias. The forward current was higher than the reverse at the same voltage but the difference gets smaller with increasing fluence. Rapid increase of current (breakdown) above ~ 700 V under reverse bias was observed. An annealing study at 60$^\circ$C was made to 1200 minutes of accumulated annealing time. It showed that the reverse current anneals with similar time constants as measured at lower fluences. A small increase of forward current due to annealing was seen. Collected charge was measured with electrons from $^{90}$Sr source in forward and reverse bias configurations. Under reverse bias the collected charge increased linearly with bias voltage up to 6000 electrons at 2.5$\times 10^{16}$ n/cm$^2$ and 3000 electrons at 1$\times 10^{17}$ n/cm$^2$. Rapid increase of noise was measured above $\sim$ 700 V reverse bias due to breakdown resulting in worse S/N ratio. At low bias voltages slightly more charge is measured under forward bias compared to reverse. However better S/N is achieved under reverse bias. Effective trapping times were estimated from charge collection measurements under forward bias showing that at high fluences they are much longer than values extrapolated from low fluence measurements - at 1$\times 10^{17}$ n/cm$^2$ a factor of 6 larger value was measured.

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