In this paper, two related types of dualities are investigated. The first is the duality between left-invertible operators and the second is the duality between Banach spaces of vector-valued analytic functions. We will examine a pair ($\mathcal{B},Ψ)$ consisting of a reflexive Banach spaces $\mathcal{B}$ of vector-valued analytic functions on which a left-invertible multiplication operator acts and an operator-valued holomorphic function $Ψ$. We prove that there exist a dual pair ($\mathcal{B}^\prime,Ψ^\prime)$ such that the space $\mathcal{B}^\prime$ is unitarily equivalent to the space $\mathcal{B}^*$ and the following intertwining relations hold
\begin{equation*}
\mathscr{L} \mathcal{U} = \mathcal{U}\mathscr{M}_z^* \quad\text{and}\quad
\mathscr{M}_z\mathcal{U} = \mathcal{U} \mathscr{L}^*,
\end{equation*} where $\mathcal{U}$ is the unitary operator between $\mathcal{B}^\prime$ and $\mathcal{B}^*$. In addition we show that $Ψ$ and $Ψ^\prime$ are connected through the relation\begin{equation*}
\langle(Ψ^\prime( \bar{z}) e_1) (λ),e_2\rangle= \langle e_1,(Ψ( \bar{ λ}) e_2)(z)\rangle \end{equation*} for every $e_1,e_2\in E$, $z\in \varOmega$, $λ\in \varOmega^\prime$.
If a left-invertible operator $T$ satisfies certain conditions, then both $T$ and the Cauchy dual operator $T^\prime$ can be modelled as a multiplication operator on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vector-valued analytic functions $\mathscr{H}$ and $\mathscr{H}^\prime$, respectively. We prove that Hilbert space of the dual pair of $(\mathscr{H},Ψ)$ coincide with $\mathscr{H}^\prime$, where $Ψ$ is a certain operator-valued holomorphic function. Moreover, we characterize when the duality between spaces $\mathscr{H}$ and $\mathscr{H}^\prime$ obtained by identifying them with $\mathcal{H}$ is the same as the duality obtained from the Cauchy pairing.
We present a unified approach to the processes of inversion and duality for quasilinear and $1$-quasilinear maps; in particular, for centralizers and differentials generated by interpolation methods.
Spaces of homogeneous polynomials on a Banach space are frequently equipped with quasinorms instead of norms. In this paper we develop a technique to replace the original quasi-norm by a norm in a dual preserving way, in the sense that the dual of the space with the new norm coincides with the dual of the space with the original quasi-norm. Applications to problems on the existence and approximation of solutions of convolution equations and on hypercyclic convolution operators on spaces of entire functions are provided.
A net $(x_α)_{α\in Γ}$ in a vector lattice $X$ is unbounded order convergent (uo-convergent) to $x$ if $|x_α-x| \wedge y \xrightarrow{o} 0$ for each $y \in X_+$, and is unbounded order Cauchy (uo-Cauchy) if the net $(x_α-x_{α'})_{Γ\times Γ}$ is uo-convergent to 0. In the first part of this article, we study uo-convergent and uo-Cauchy nets in Banach lattices and use them to characterize Banach lattices with the positive Schur property and KB-spaces. In the second part, we use the concept of uo-Cauchy sequences to extend Doob's submartingale convergence theorems to a measure-free setting. Our r…
Given a set $B$ of operators between subspaces of $L_p$ spaces, we characterize the operators between subspaces of $L_p$ spaces that remain bounded on the $X$-valued $L_p$ space for every Banach space on which elements of the original class $B$ are bounded. This is a form of the bipolar theorem for a duality between the class of Banach spaces and the class of operators between subspaces of $L_p$ spaces, essentially introduced by Pisier. The methods we introduce allow us to recover also the other direction --characterizing the bipolar of a set of Banach spaces--, which had been obtained by Hern…
Motivated by the equivalent definition of a continuous operator between Banach spaces in terms of weakly null nets, we introduce unbounded continuous operators by replacing weak convergence with the unbounded absolutely weak convergence ( $uaw$-convergence) in the definition of a continuous operator between Banach lattices. We characterize order continuous Banach lattices and reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these spaces of operators. Moreover, motivated by characterizing of a reflexive Banach lattice in terms of unbounded absolutely weakly Cauchy sequences, we consider pre-unbounded oper…
In this work we study the vector-valued Hardy spaces H p (D; F) (1 \leq p \leq \infty) and their relationship with RNP, ARNP and the UMDP properties. By following the approach of Taylor in the scalar-valued case, we prove that, when F and F have the ARNP property, then H p (D; F) and H q (D; F) are canonically topologically isomorphic (for p, q \in (1, \infty) conjugate indices) if and only if F has the UMDP.
This paper will generalize what may be termed the "geometric duality theory" of real pre-ordered Banach spaces which relates geometric properties of a closed cone in a real Banach space, to geometric properties of the dual cone in the dual Banach space. We show that geometric duality theory is not restricted to real pre-ordered Banach spaces, as is done classically, but can be extended to real Banach spaces endowed with arbitrary collections of closed cones. We define geometric notions of normality, conormality, additivity and coadditivity for members of dual pairs of real vector spaces as cer…
We study conditions on a Banach frame that ensures the validity of a reconstruction formula. In particular, we show that any Banach frames for (a subspace of) $L_p$ or $L_{p,q}$ ($1\le p < \infty$) with respect to a solid sequence space always satisfies an unconditional reconstruction formula. The existence of reconstruction formulae allows us to prove some James-type results for atomic decompositions: an unconditional atomic decomposition (or unconditional Schauder frame) for $X$ is shrinking (respectively, boundedly complete) if and only if $X$ does not contain an isomorphic copy of $\ell_1$…
Let SB be the standard coding for separable Banach spaces as subspaces of $C(Δ)$. In these notes, we show that if $\mathbb{B} \subset \text{SB}$ is a Borel subset of spaces with separable dual, then the assignment $X \mapsto X^*$ can be realized by a Borel function $\mathbb{B}\to \text{SB}$. Moreover, this assignment can be done in such a way that the functional evaluation is still well defined (Theorem $1$). Also, we prove a Borel parametrized version of Zippin's theorem, i.e., we prove that there exists $Z \in \text{SB}$ and a Borel function that assigns for each $X \in \mathbb{B}$ an isomor…
In the present paper we advocate the Howland-Evans approach to solution of the abstract non-autonomous Cauchy problem (non-ACP) in a separable Banach space X. The main idea is to reformulate this problem as an autonomous Cauchy problem (ACP) in a new Banach space L^p(I,X), consisting of X-valued functions on the time-interval I. The fundamental observation is a one-to-one correspondence between solution operators (propagators) for a non-ACP and the corresponding evolution semigroups for ACP in L^p(I,X). We show that the latter also allows to apply a full power of the operator-theoretical metho…
We give a characterization of the existence of copies of $c_{0}$ in Banach spaces in terms of indexes. As an application, we deduce new proofs of James Distortion theorem and Bessaga-Pełczynski theorem about weakly unconditionally Cauchy series.
In this paper we establish some new results concerning the Cauchy-Peano problem in Banach spaces. Firstly, we prove that if a Banach space $E$ admits a fundamental biorthogonal system, then there exists a continuous vector field $f\colon E\to E$ such that the autonomous differential equation $u'=f(u)$ has no solutions at any time. The proof relies on a key result asserting that every infinite-dimensional Fréchet space with a fundamental biorthogonal system possesses a nontrivial separable quotient. The later, is the byproduct of a mixture of known results on barrelledness and two fundamental r…
In this note various geometric properties of a Banach space $X$ are characterized by means of weaker corresponding geometric properties involving an ultrapower $X^\mathcal{U}$. The characterizations do not depend on the particular choice of the free ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$. For example, a point $x\in S_X$ is an MLUR point if and only if $j(x)$ (given by the canonical inclusion $j\colon X \to X^\mathcal{U}$) in $B_{X^\mathcal{U}}$ is an extreme point; a point $x\in S_X$ is LUR if and only if $j(x)$ is not contained in any non-degenerate line segment of $S_{X^\mathcal{U}}$; a Banach space $X$ …
Unbounded order convergence has lately been systematically studied as a generalization of almost everywhere convergence to the abstract setting of vector and Banach lattices. This paper presents a duality theory for unbounded order convergence. We define the unbounded order dual (or uo-dual) $X_{uo}^\sim$ of a Banach lattice $X$ and identify it as the order continuous part of the order continuous dual $X_n^\sim$. The result allows us to characterize the Banach lattices that have order continuous preduals and to show that an order continuous predual is unique when it exists. Applications to the…
Let $k$ be a local field with valuation ring $O_k$ and residue field $\overline{k}$. We extend Hahn--Banach theorem for the class of seminormed $k$-vector spaces to several classes of locally convex spaces and subspaces over $k$, $O_k$, and $\overline{k}$. We establish analogues of Iwasawa-type duality for several classes of locally convex spaces over $k$, $O_k$, and $\overline{k}$.
Motivated by recent applications of weighted norm inequalities to maximal regularity of first and second order Cauchy problems, we study real interpolation spaces on the basis of general Banach function spaces and, in particular, weighted rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces. We show equivalence of the trace method and the $K$-method, identify real interpolation spaces between a Banach space and the domain of a sectorial operator, and reprove an extension of Dore's theorem on the boundedness of $H^\infty$-functional calculus to this general setting.
We show that if the conclusion of the well known Stampacchia Theorem, on variational inequalities, holds on a Banach space X, then X is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. Motivated by this we obtain a relevant result concerning self-dual Banach spaces and investigate some connections between existing notions of orthogonality and self-duality. Moreover, we revisit the notion of the cosine of a linear operator and show that it can be used to characterize Hilbert space structure. Finally, we present some consequences of our results to quadratic forms and to evolution triples.
We study random unconditional convergence for a basis in a Banach space. The connections between this notion and classical unconditionality are explored. In particular, we analyze duality relations, reflexivity, uniqueness of these bases and existence of unconditional subsequences.
We study maximal regularity in interpolation spaces for the sum of three closed linear operators on a Banach space, and we apply the abstract results to obtain Besov and Hölder maximal regularity for complete second order Cauchy problems under natural parabolicity assumptions. We discuss applications to partial differential equations.
In this paper, using the fixed point and direct methods, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of a Cauchy-Jensen additive functional equation in various normed spaces. The concept of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability originated from Th. M. Rassias stability theorem that appeared in his paper: On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1978), 297-300.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) have been a very successful tool in various areas of machine learning. Recently, Barron spaces have been used to prove bounds on the generalisation error for neural networks. Unfortunately, Barron spaces cannot be understood in terms of RKHS due to the strong nonlinear coupling of the weights. This can be solved by using the more general Reproducing Kernel Banach spaces (RKBS). We show that these Barron spaces belong to a class of integral RKBS. This class can also be understood as an infinite union of RKHS spaces. Furthermore, we show that the dual spa…
We develop a systematic approach to the study of duality for ideals of Lipschitz maps from a metric space to a Banach space, inspired by the classical theory that relates ideals of operators and tensor norms for Banach spaces, by using the Lipschitz tensor products previously introduced by the same authors. We first study spaces of Lipschitz maps, from a metric space to a dual Banach space, that can be represented canonically as the dual of a Lipschitz tensor product endowed with a Lipschitz cross-norm. We show that several known examples of ideals of Lipschitz maps (Lipschitz maps, Lipschitz …
We generalize the results for Banach algebras of pseudodifferential operators obtained by Gröchenig and Rzeszotnik in [24] to quasi-algebras of Fourier integral operators. Namely, we introduce quasi-Banach algebras of symbol classes for Fourier integral operators that we call generalized metaplectic operators, including pseudodifferential operators. This terminology stems from the pioneering work on Wiener algebras of Fourier integral operators [11], which we generalize to our framework. This theory finds applications in the study of evolution equations such as the Cauchy problem for the Schrö…
In this paper we study the variational problem associated to support vector regression in Banach function spaces. Using the Fenchel-Rockafellar duality theory, we give explicit formulation of the dual problem as well as of the related optimality conditions. Moreover, we provide a new computational framework for solving the problem which relies on a tensor-kernel representation. This analysis overcomes the typical difficulties connected to learning in Banach spaces. We finally present a large class of tensor-kernels to which our theory fully applies: power series tensor kernels. This type of ke…
This work is devoted to the study of a class of linear time-inhomogeneous evolution equations in a scale of Banach spaces. Existence, uniquenss and stability for classical solutions is provided. We study also the associated dual Cauchy problem for which we prove uniqueness in the dual scale of Banach spaces. The results are applied to an infinite system of ordinary differential equations but also to the Fokker-Planck equation associated with the spatial logistic model in the continuum.
Generalizing classical results of the theory of absolutely summing operators, in this paper we characterize the duals of a quite large class of Banach operator ideals defined or characterized by the transformation of vector-valued sequences.
In this paper we provide some extension results for n-cyclically monotone operators in reflexive Banach spaces by making use of the Fenchel duality. In this way we give a positive answer to a question posed by Bauschke and Wang in [4].
The duality of uniform approximation property for Banach spaces is well known. In this note, we establish, under the assumption of local reflexivity, the duality of uniform approximation property in the category of operator spaces.
Given a fully symmetric Banach function space $E$ and a decreasing positive weight $w$ on $I = (0, a)$, $0 < a \le \infty $, the generalized Lorentz space $Λ_{E,w}$ is defined as the symmetrization of the canonical copy $E_w$ of $E$ on the measure space associated with the weight. If $E$ is an Orlicz space then $Λ_{E,w}$ is an Orlicz-Lorentz space. An investigation of the Köthe duality of these classes is developed that is parallel to preceding works on Orlicz-Lorentz spaces. First a class of functions $M_{E,w}$, which does not need to be even a linear space, is similarly defined as the symme…
For a given Beurling-Carleson subset $E$ of the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$ which has positive Lebesgue measure, we give explicit formulas for measurable functions supported on $E$ such that their Cauchy transforms have smooth extensions from $\mathbb{D}$ to $\mathbb{T}$. The existence of such functions has been previously established by Khrushchev in 1978, in non-constructive ways by the use of duality arguments. We construct several particular families of such Cauchy transforms with a few applications in operator and function theory in mind. In one application, we give a new proof of irreducibi…
We extend and generalize the result of Kalton and Swanson ($Z_2$ is a symplectic Banach space with no Lagrangian subspace) by showing that all higher order Rochgberg spaces $\mathfrak R^{(n)}$ are symplectic Banach spaces with no Lagrangian subspaces. The nontrivial symplectic structure on even spaces is the one induced by the natural duality; while the nontrivial symplectic structure on odd spaces requires perturbation with a complex structure. We will also study symplectic structures on general Banach spaces and, motivated by the unexpected appearance of complex structures, we introduce and …
This paper studies Schauder frames in Banach spaces, a concept which is a natural generalization of frames in Hilbert spaces and Schauder bases in Banach spaces. The associated minimal and maximal spaces are introduced, as are shrinking and boundedly complete Schauder frames. Our main results extend the classical duality theorems on bases to the situation of Schauder frames. In particular, we will generalize James' results on shrinking and boundedly complete bases to frames. Secondly we will extend his characterization of the reflexivity of spaces with unconditional bases to spaces with uncond…
In this paper, we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in $(θ,1)$-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal $L^1$-regularity, using a duality argument combined with the result of maximal continuous regularity. As an application, we consider maximal $L^1$-regularity of the Dirichlet-Laplacian and the Stokes operator in inhomogeneous $B^s_{q,1}$-type Besov spaces on domains of $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq 2$.
We analyze a definition of product of Banach spaces that is naturally associated by duality with an abstract notion of space of multiplication operators. This dual relation allows to understand several constructions coming from different fields of the functional analysis, that can be seen as instances of the abstract one when a particular product is considered. Some relevant examples and applications are shown.
We provide sufficient conditions for a mapping between two Banach spaces to be a diffeomorphism using the approach of an auxiliary functional and also by the aid of a duality mapping corresponding to a normalization function. We simplify and generalize our previous results. Applications to algebraic equations and to integro-differential systems are also given.
A strong inspiration for studying perturbation theory for fractional evolution equations comes from the fact that they have proven to be useful tools in modeling many physical processes. In this paper, we study fractional evolution equations of order $α\in (1,2]$ associated with the infinitesimal generator of an operator fractional cosine function generated by bounded time-dependent perturbations in a Banach space. We show that the abstract fractional Cauchy problem associated with the infinitesimal generator $A$ of a strongly continuous fractional cosine function remains uniformly well-posed …
