arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.10765cs.GTcs.SI
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具有社会距离的公共物品有效配置市场

Markets for Efficient Public Good Allocation with Social Distancing

Devansh Jalota, Qi Qi, Marco Pavone, Yinyu Ye

摘要:

公共产品往往要么在缺乏监管机制的情况下被过度消费,要么完全未被使用,就像在新冠肺炎大流行中一样,社会距离限制被强制执行,以限制可以共享公共空间的人数。在这项工作中,我们通过旨在有效分配能力受限的公共产品的市场机制来填补这一空白。为了设计这些机制,我们利用了费雪市场理论,其中经济中的每个代理人都被赋予了一个人工货币预算,他们可以花费这些预算来获得公共产品。虽然费雪市场为资源分配问题的建模提供了一个强大的方法论支柱,但其适用性仅限于涉及两种类型约束的设置-单个购买者的预算和商品的能力。因此,我们引入了一个修改后的Fisher市场,其中每个人可能有额外的物理约束,描述其解决方案的性质,并建立市场均衡的存在。此外,考虑到额外的约束,我们引入了一个社会凸优化问题,我们扰动代理的预算,使扰动的社会问题的KKT条件建立均衡价格。最后,为了计算预算扰动,我们提出了一个不动点方案,并通过数值实验说明收敛保证。因此,我们的机制,在理论上和计算上,克服了一个基本的限制,经典的Fisher市场,只考虑能力和预算的限制。

英文摘要:

Public goods are often either over-consumed in the absence of regulatory mechanisms, or remain completely unused, as in the Covid-19 pandemic, where social distance constraints are enforced to limit the number of people who can share public spaces. In this work, we plug this gap through market based mechanisms designed to efficiently allocate capacity constrained public goods. To design these mechanisms, we leverage the theory of Fisher markets, wherein each agent in the economy is endowed with an artificial currency budget that they can spend to avail public goods. While Fisher markets provide a strong methodological backbone to model resource allocation problems, their applicability is limited to settings involving two types of constraints - budgets of individual buyers and capacities of goods. Thus, we introduce a modified Fisher market, where each individual may have additional physical constraints, characterize its solution properties and establish the existence of a market equilibrium. Furthermore, to account for additional constraints we introduce a social convex optimization problem where we perturb the budgets of agents such that the KKT conditions of the perturbed social problem establishes equilibrium prices. Finally, to compute the budget perturbations we present a fixed point scheme and illustrate convergence guarantees through numerical experiments. Thus, our mechanism, both theoretically and computationally, overcomes a fundamental limitation of classical Fisher markets, which only consider capacity and budget constraints.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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