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arXiv 1104.2964cs.GT
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无货币单边匹配市场中的社会福利

Social Welfare in One-sided Matching Markets without Money

Anand Bhalgat, Deeparnab Chakrabarty, Sanjeev Khanna

摘要:

我们研究社会福利在单边匹配市场的目标是有效地分配n个项目的n个代理,每个有一个完整的,私人的偏好列表和单位需求的项目。我们的重点是不涉及任何货币支付的分配机制。我们考虑两个自然措施的社会福利:有序的福利因素,措施的数量,至少是快乐的,在一些未知的,任意的基准分配,和线性福利因素,它假设代理的效用线性下降,他的偏好列表,并衡量总效用的最优分配。我们分析了两个匹配机制,已被经济学家广泛研究。第一种机制是随机序列独裁(RSD),其中代理根据随机选择的排列顺序,并连续分配未分配的项目中的最佳选择。第二种机制是Bogomolnaia和Moulin [8]的概率序列(PS)机制,它计算可以表示为整数分配的凸组合的分数分配。机制的福利因子是所有实例的下确界。对于RSD,我们证明了有序福利因子是渐近的1/2,而线性福利因子位于区间[.526,2/3]。对于PS,我们表明,顺序福利因子也是1/2,而线性福利因子大致为2/3。据我们所知,这些结果是这些自然机制的第一个非平凡的性能保证。

英文摘要:

We study social welfare in one-sided matching markets where the goal is to efficiently allocate n items to n agents that each have a complete, private preference list and a unit demand over the items. Our focus is on allocation mechanisms that do not involve any monetary payments. We consider two natural measures of social welfare: the ordinal welfare factor which measures the number of agents that are at least as happy as in some unknown, arbitrary benchmark allocation, and the linear welfare factor which assumes an agent's utility linearly decreases down his preference lists, and measures the total utility to that achieved by an optimal allocation. We analyze two matching mechanisms which have been extensively studied by economists. The first mechanism is the random serial dictatorship (RSD) where agents are ordered in accordance with a randomly chosen permutation, and are successively allocated their best choice among the unallocated items. The second mechanism is the probabilistic serial (PS) mechanism of Bogomolnaia and Moulin [8], which computes a fractional allocation that can be expressed as a convex combination of integral allocations. The welfare factor of a mechanism is the infimum over all instances. For RSD, we show that the ordinal welfare factor is asymptotically 1/2, while the linear welfare factor lies in the interval [.526, 2/3]. For PS, we show that the ordinal welfare factor is also 1/2 while the linear welfare factor is roughly 2/3. To our knowledge, these results are the first non-trivial performance guarantees for these natural mechanisms.

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