优化股票系统：效率，崩溃，囤积者和利他主义者
Optimizing Scrip Systems: Efficiency, Crashes, Hoarders, and Altruists
摘要：
我们讨论了有效的临时凭证系统的设计，并开发了实证分析工具。对于那些有兴趣在临时凭证系统的实证研究，我们演示了如何在一个系统中的代理人的特征可以从货币的均衡分布推断。从一个系统设计者的角度来看，我们研究了货币供应量对社会福利的影响，并表明，通过增加货币供应量直到系统经历"货币崩溃“的程度，社会福利最大化，在这种情况下，货币贬值到没有代理人愿意提供服务。我们还研究了利他主义者和囤积者的存在对系统性能的影响。虽然一小部分利他主义者可能会改善社会福利，但过多的利他主义者也会导致系统经历货币崩溃，这可能对社会福利不利。囤积者通常会减少社会福利，但令人惊讶的是，他们也通过帮助防止货币崩溃来促进系统稳定。此外，我们提供了新的技术工具来分析和计算均衡，表明我们的模型具有战略互补性，这意味着存在的纯策略，可以有效地计算均衡。
英文摘要：
We discuss the design of efficient scrip systems and develop tools for empirically analyzing them. For those interested in the empirical study of scrip systems, we demonstrate how characteristics of agents in a system can be inferred from the equilibrium distribution of money. From the perspective of a system designer, we examine the effect of the money supply on social welfare and show that social welfare is maximized by increasing the money supply up to the point that the system experiences a ``monetary crash,'' where money is sufficiently devalued that no agent is willing to perform a service. We also examine the implications of the presence of altruists and hoarders on the performance of the system. While a small number of altruists may improve social welfare, too many can also cause the system to experience a monetary crash, which may be bad for social welfare. Hoarders generally decrease social welfare but, surprisingly, they also promote system stability by helping prevent monetary crashes. In addition, we provide new technical tools for analyzing and computing equilibria by showing that our model exhibits strategic complementarities, which implies that there exist equilibria in pure strategies that can be computed efficiently.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
