Amenable dynamical systems over locally compact groups
Alex Bearden, Jason Crann
备注：
v2: Substantial changes. Corrected an error in the proof of (the old) Theorem 4.2. Added new results concerning Herz-Schur multipliers and the weak approximation property. New length is 36 pages
We establish several new characterizations of amenable $W^*$- and $C^*$-dynamical systems over arbitrary locally compact groups. In the $W^*$-setting we show that amenability is equivalent to (1) a Reiter property and (2) the existence of a certain net of completely positive Herz-Schur multipliers of $(M,G,α)$ converging point weak* to the identity of $G\bar{\ltimes}M$. In the $C^*$-setting, we prove that amenability of $(A,G,α)$ is equivalent to an analogous Herz-Schur multiplier approximation of the identity of the reduced crossed product $G\ltimes A$, as well as a particular case of the positive weak approximation property of Bédos and Conti (generalized the locally compact setting). When $Z(A^{**})=Z(A)^{**}$, it follows that amenability is equivalent to the 1-positive approximation property of Exel and Ng. In particular, when $A=C_0(X)$ is commutative, amenability of $(C_0(X),G,α)$ coincides with topological amenability the $G$-space $(G,X)$. Our results answer 2 open questions from the literature; one of Anantharaman--Delaroche, and one from recent work of Buss--Echterhoff--Willett.
Amenable actions of locally compact groups on von Neumann algebras are investigated by exploiting the natural module structure of the crossed product over the Fourier algebra of the acting group. The resulting characterisation of injectivity for crossed products generalises a result of Anantharaman-Delaroche on discrete groups. Amenable actions of locally compact groups on $C^*$-algebras are investigated in the same way, and amenability of the action is related to nuclearity of the corresponding crossed product. A survey is given to show that this notion of amenable action for $C^*$-algebras s…
We generalize the notion of an approximate indicator for a closed subgroup $H$ of a locally compact group $G$ introduced by Aristov, Runde, and Spronk and extend their characterization of the existence of such nets in terms of the approximability of $χ_{H}$ in an appropriate ${weak}^{*}$ topology. We find that this equivalent condition is satisfied whenever $H$ is weakly amenable and $χ_{H}$, considered as acting on $\ell^{1}(G)$ by multiplication, extends to a bounded map on $VN(G)$. This occurs in particular when a natural projection $VN(G)arrow I(A(G),H)^{\perp}$ exists. Applications are ob…
We conduct a systematic study of traces on locally compact groups, in particular traces on their universal and reduced C*-algebras. We introduce the trace kernel, and examine its relation to the von Neumann kernel and to small-invariant neighbourhood (SIN) quotients. In doing so, we introduce the class of residually-$SIN$ groups, which contains both $SIN$ and maximally almost periodic groups. We examine in detail the trace kernel for connected groups. We study traces on reduced C*-algebras, giving a simple proof for compactly generated groups that existence of such a trace is equivalent to hav…
In this short note, further to Ng's study, we extend Bekka amenability and weak Bekka amenability to general locally compact quantum groups. We generalize some Ng's results to the general case. In particular, we show that, a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ is co-amenable if and only if the contra-corepresentation of its fundamental multiplicative unitary $W_{\mathbb{G}}$ is Bekka amenable, and $\mathbb{G}$ is amenable if and only if its dual quantum group's fundamental multiplicative unitary $W_{\widehat{\mathbb{G}}}$ is weakly Bekka amenable.
We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between compact quantum subgroups of a co-amenable locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ and certain left invariant C*-subalgebras of $C_0(\mathbb{G})$. We also prove that every compact quantum subgroup of a co-amenable quantum group is co-amenable. Moreover, there is a one-to-one correspondence between open subgroups of an amenable locally compact group $G$ and non-zero, invariant C*-subalgebras of the group C*-algebra $C^*(G)$.
A locally compact group $G$ is called Hermitian if the spectrum $\text{Sp}_{L^1(G)}(f)\subseteq\mathbb R$ for every $f\in L^1(G)$ satisfying $f=f^*$, and called quasi-Hermitian if $\text{Sp}_{L^1(G)}(f)\subseteq\mathbb R$ for every $f\in C_c(G)$ satisfying $f=f^*$. We show that every quasi-Hermitian locally compact group is amenable. This, in particular, confirms the long-standing conjecture that every Hermitian locally compact group is amenable, a problem that has remained open since the 1960s. Our approach involves introducing the theory of "spectral interpolation of triple Banach $*$-algebr…
A locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if it has Reiter's property $(P_p)$ for $p=1$ or, equivalently, all $p \in [1,\infty)$, i.e., there is a net $(m_α)_α$ of non-negative norm one functions in $L^p(G)$ such that $\lim_α\sup_{x \in K} \| L_{x^{-1}} m_α- m_α\|_p = 0$ for each compact subset $K \subset G$ ($L_{x^{-1}} m_α$ stands for the left translate of $m_α$ by $x^{-1}$). We extend the definitions of properties $(P_1)$ and $(P_2)$ from locally compact groups to locally compact quantum groups in the sense of J. Kustermans and S. Vaes. We show that a locally compact quantum group…
We examine rigidity phenomena for representations of amenable operator algebras which have an ideal of compact operators. We establish that a generalized version of Kadison's conjecture on completely bounded homomorphisms holds for the algebra if the associated quotient is abelian. We also prove that injective completely bounded representations of the algebra are similar to complete isometries. The main motivating example for these investigations is the recent construction of Choi, Farah and Ozawa of an amenable operator algebra that is not similar to a $C^*$-algebra, and we show how it fits i…
Building on our previous work, we study the non-relative homology of quantum group convolution algebras. Our main result establishes the equivalence of amenability of a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ and 1-injectivity of $L^{\infty}(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$ as an operator $L^1(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$-module. In particular, a locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if its group von Neumann algebra $VN(G)$ is 1-injective as an operator module over the Fourier algebra $A(G)$. As an application, we provide a decomposability result for completely bounded $L^1(\widehat{\mathbb{G}}…
We prove that the $L^1$-algebra of any non-Kac type compact quantum group does not satisfy operator biflatness. Since operator amenability implies operator biflatness, this result shows that any co-amenable, non-Kac type compact quantum group gives a counter example to the conjecture that $L^1(\Gb)$ is operator amenable if and only if $\Gb$ is amenable and co-amenable for any locally compact quantum group $\Gb$. The result also implies that the $L^1$-algebra of a locally compact quantum group is operator biprojective if and only if $\Gb$ is compact and of Kac type.
Let $G$ be a locally compact group, and let $WAP(G)$ denote the space of weakly almost periodic functions on $G$. We show that, if $G$ is a $[SIN]$-group, but not compact, then the dual Banach algebra $WAP(G)^\ast$ does not have a normal, virtual diagonal. Consequently, whenever $G$ is an amenable, non-compact $[SIN]$-group, $WAP(G)^\ast$ is an example of a Connes-amenable, dual Banach algebra without a normal,virtual diagonal.
We define, for a locally compact quantum group $G$ in the sense of Kustermans--Vaes, the space of $LUC(G)$ of left uniformly continuous elements in $L^\infty(G)$. This definition covers both the usual left uniformly continuous functions on a locally compact group and Granirer's uniformly continuous functionals on the Fourier algebra. We show that $LUC(G)$ is an operator system containing the $C^*$-algebra $C_0(G)$ and contained in its multiplier algebra $M(C_0(G))$. We use this to partially answer an open problem by Bedos--Tuset: if $G$ is co-amenable, then the existence of a left invariant me…
We prove that weak amenability of a locally compact group imposes a strong condition on its amenable closed normal subgroups. This extends non weak amenability results of Haagerup (1988) and Ozawa--Popa (2010). A von Neumann algebra analogue is also obtained.
We address the problem to characterise closed type I subgroups of the automorphism group of a tree. Even in the well-studied case of Burger-Mozes' universal groups, non-type I criteria were unknown. We prove that a huge class of groups acting properly on trees are not of type I. In the case of Burger-Mozes groups, this yields a complete classification of type I groups among them. Our key novelty is the use of von Neumann algebraic techniques to prove the stronger statement that the group von Neumann algebra of the groups under consideration is non-amenable.
We classify a certain class of minimal actions of a compact Kac algebra with amenable dual on injective factors of type III. Our main technical tools are the structural analysis of type III factors and the theory of canonical extension of endomorphisms introduced by Izumi.
We show the uniqueness of minimal actions of a compact Kac algebra with amenable dual on the AFD factor of type II$_1$. This particularly implies the uniqueness of minimal actions of a compact group. Our main tools are a Rohlin type theorem, the 2-cohomology vanishing theorem, and the Evans-Kishimoto type intertwining argument.
The notion of Fréchet locally $C^*$-algebra generalizes the notion of $C^*$-algebra. In this paper, we first present some definitions and basic facts about locally $C^*$-algebra, and then we introduce and study the notion of ideal and weak amenability for these algebras. Also, we show that every Fréchet locally $C^*$-algebra is ideally amenable.
Supramenability of groups is characterised in terms of invariant measures on locally compact spaces. This opens the door to constructing interesting crossed product C*-algebras for non-supramenable groups. In particular, stable Kirchberg algebras in the UCT class are constructed using crossed products for both amenable and non-amenable groups.
We define a Banach algebra A to be dual if $A = (A_\ast)^\ast$ for a closed submodule $A_\ast$ of $A^\ast$. The class of dual Banach algebras includes all $W^\ast$-algebras, but also all algebras M(G) for locally compact groups G, all algebras L(E) for reflexive Banach spaces E, as well as all biduals of Arens regular Banach algebras. The general impression is that amenable, dual Banach algebras are rather the exception than the rule. We confirm this impression. We first show that under certain conditions an amenable dual Banach algebra is already super-amenable and thus finite-dimensional. We…
We prove that the following are equivalent for a locally compact group $G$: (i) $G$ is amenable; (ii) $M(G)$ is Connes-amenable; (iii) $M(G)$ has a normal, virtual diagonal.
It is proved that a discrete group G is exact if and only if its left translation action on the Stone-Cech compactification is amenable. Combining this with an unpublished result of Gromov, we have the existence of non exact discrete groups.
We give an example of a non-compact, locally compact group $G$ such that its Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B(G)$ is operator amenable. Furthermore, we characterize those $G$ for which $A^*(G)$ - the spine of $B(G)$ as introduced by M. Ilie and the second named author - is operator amenable and show that $A^*(G)$ is operator weakly amenable for each $G$.
As is well known, the equivalence between amenability of a locally compact group $G$ and injectivity of its von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{L}(G)$ does not hold in general beyond inner amenable groups. In this paper, we show that the equivalence persists for all locally compact groups if $\mathcal{L}(G)$ is considered as a $\mathcal{T}(L_2(G))$-module with respect to a natural action. In fact, we prove an appropriate version of this result for every locally compact quantum group.
In this paper, we introduce actions of fusion algebras on unital $C^*$-algebras, and define amenability for fusion algebraic actions. Motivated by S.\ Neshveyev et al.'s work, considering the co-representation ring of a compact quantum group as a fusion algebra, we define the canonical fusion algebraic (for short, CFA) form of a discrete quantum group action on a compact quantum space. Furthermore, through the CFA form, we define FA-amenability of discrete quantum group actions, and present some basic connections between FA-amenable actions and amenable discrete quantum groups. As an applicati…
We prove a mean ergodic theorem for amenable discrete quantum groups. As an application, we prove a Wiener type theorem for continuous measures on compact metrizable groups.
Let $G$ be a locally compact group. We show that its Fourier algebra $A(G)$ is amenable if and only if $G$ has an abelian subgroup of finite index, and that its Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B(G)$ is amenable if and only if $G$ has a compact, abelian subgroup of finite index. We then show that $A(G)$ is weakly amenable if the component of the identity of $G$ is abelian, and we prove some partial results towards the converse.
A well-known theorem of Day and Dixmier states that any uniformly bounded representation of an amenable locally compact group $G$ on a Hilbert space is similar to a unitary representation. Within the category of locally compact quantum groups, the conjectural analogue of the Day-Dixmier theorem is that every completely bounded Hilbert space representation of the convolution algebra of an amenable locally compact quantum group should be similar to a $\ast$-representation. We prove that this conjecture is false for a large class of non-Kac type compact quantum groups, including all $q$-deformati…
Let $G$ be a locally compact group, and let $A_\cb(G)$ denote the closure of $A(G)$, the Fourier algebra of $G$, in the space of completely bounded multipliers of $A(G)$. If $G$ is a weakly amenable, discrete group such that $\cstar(G)$ is residually finite-dimensional, we show that $A_\cb(G)$ is operator amenable. In particular, $A_\cb(F_2)$ is operator amenable even though $F_2$, the free group in two generators, is not an amenable group. Moreover, we show that, if $G$ is a discrete group such that $A_\cb(G)$ is operator amenable, a closed ideal of $A(G)$ is weakly completely complemented in…
In his study of amenable unitary representations, M. E. B. Bekka asked if there is an analogue for such representations of the remarkable fixed-point property for amenable groups. In this paper, we prove such a fixed-point theorem in the more general context of a $G$-amenable von Neumann algebra $M$, where $G$ is a locally compact group acting on $M$. The Følner conditions of Connes and Bekka are extended to the case where $M$ is semifinite and admits a faithful, semifinite, normal trace which is invariant under the action of $G$.
The basic notions and results of equivariant KK-theory concerning crossed products can be extended to the case of locally compact quantum groups. We recall these constructions and prove some usefull properties of subgroups and amalgamated free products of discrete quantum groups. Using these properties and a quantum analogue of the Bass-Serre tree, we establish the K-amenability of amalgamated free products of amenable discrete quantum groups.
Consider a completely bounded Fourier multiplier phi of a locally compact group G, and take 1 <= p <= infinity. One can associate to phi a Schur multiplier on the Schatten classes S_p(L^2 G), as well as a Fourier multiplier on Lp(LG), the non-commutative Lp-space of the group von Neumann algebra of G. We prove that the completely bounded norm of the Schur multiplier is not greater than the completely bounded norm of the Lp-Fourier multiplier. When G is amenable we show that equality holds, extending a result by Neuwirth and Ricard to non-discrete groups. For a discrete group G and in the speci…
The notion of operator amenability was introduced by Z.-J. Ruan in 1995. He showed that a locally compact group G is amenable if and only if its Fourier algebra A(G) is operator amenable. In this paper, we investigate the operator amenability of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra B(G) and of the reduced Fourier-Stieltjes algebra B_r(G). The natural conjecture is that any of these algebras is operator amenable if and only if G is compact. We partially prove this conjecture with mere operator amenability replaced by operator C-amenability for some constant C < 5. In the process, we obtain a new decom…
We say that an action of a countable discrete inverse semigroup on a locally compact Hausdorff space is amenable if its groupoid of germs is amenable in the sense of Anantharaman-Delaroche and Renault. We then show that for a given inverse semigroup $S$, the action of $S$ on its spectrum is amenable if and only if every action of $S$ is amenable.
We introduce an appropriate notion of inner amenability for locally compact quantum groups, study its basic properties, related notions, and examples arising from the bicrossed product construction. We relate these notions to homological properties of the dual quantum group, which allow us to generalize a well-known result of Lau--Paterson, resolve a recent conjecture of Ng--Viselter, and prove that, for inner amenable quantum groups $\mathbb{G}$, approximation properties of the dual operator algebras can be averaged to approximation properties $\mathbb{G}$. Similar homological techniques are …
We construct a locally compact groupoid with the properties in the title. Our example is based closely on constructions used by Higson, Lafforgue, and Skandalis in their work on counterexamples to the Baum-Connes conjecture. It is a bundle of countable groups over the one point compactification of the natural numbers, and is Hausdorff, second countable and étale.
We show that the topological rank of an orbit full group generated by an ergodic, probability measure-preserving free action of a non-discrete unimodular locally compact Polish group is two. For this, we use the existence of a cross section and show that for a locally compact Polish group, the full group generated by any dense subgroup is dense in the orbit full group of the action of the group. We prove that the orbit full group of a free action of a locally compact Polish group is extremely amenable if and only if the acting group is amenable, using the fact that the full group generates the…
We show that if $H \leq G$ is a closed amenable and cocompact subgroup of a unimodular locally compact group, then the reduced group C*-algebra of $G$ is not simple. Equivalently, there are unitary representations of $G$ that are weakly contained in the left-regular representation, but not weakly equivalent to it. We discuss applications of this result and pose the problem to construct non-discrete topologically simple groups with a cocompact amenable closed subgroup but without a Gelfand pair.
We study stability properties of amenable locally compact quantum groups under the bicrossed product construction. We obtain as our main result an equivalence between amenability of the bicrossed product and amenability of the matched quantum groups used as building ingredients of the bicrossed product. Finally, we give examples of non-amenable locally compact quantum groups obtained by a bicrossed product construction.
We give some new characterizations of exactness for locally compact second countable groups. In particular, we prove that a locally compact second countable group is exact if and only if it admits a topologically amenable action on a compact Hausdorff space. This answers an open question by Anantharaman-Delaroche.
Representation stability for compact and discrete quantum groups
University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University（首尔大学数学研究所）；BKC Research Organization of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University（立命馆大学BKC社会科学研究机构）
This paper is devoted to the study of noncommutative ergodic theorems for connected amenable locally compact groups. For a dynamical system $(\mathcal{M},τ,G,σ)$, where $(\mathcal{M},τ)$ is a von Neumann algebra with a normal faithful finite trace and $(G,σ)$ is a connected amenable locally compact group with a well defined representation on $\mathcal{M}$, we try to find the largest noncommutative function spaces constructed from $\mathcal{M}$ on which the individual ergodic theorems hold. By using the Emerson-Greenleaf's structure theorem, we transfer the key question to proving the ergodic t…
We introduce a notion of entropy for automorphisms of discrete groups which admit amenable actions on a compact space. This entropy is dual to classical topological entropy in the sense that if G is discrete and abelian then our notion of entropy agrees with the topological entropy of the induced automorphism on the (compact) dual group of G. We prove a number of basic properties of this dual entropy and give a few calculations. In particular, we are able to give precise calculations for arbitrary automorphisms of crystallographic groups.
We establish new results on the weak containment of quasi-regular and Koopman representations of a second countable locally compact group $G$ associated with non-singular $G$-spaces. We deduce that any two boundary representations of a hyperbolic locally compact group are weakly equivalent. We also show that non-amenable hyperbolic locally compact groups with a cocompact amenable subgroup are characterized by the property that any two proper length functions are homothetic up to an additive constant. Combining those results with the work of Ł. Garncarek on the irreducibility of boundary repres…
We study weak amenability for locally compact quantum groups in the sense of Kustermans and Vaes. In particular, we focus on non-discrete examples. We prove that a coamenable quantum group is weakly amenable if there exists a net of positive, scaling invariant elements in the Fourier algebra A(G) whose representing multipliers form an approximate identity in C_0(G) that is bounded in the M_0A(G) norm; the bound being an upper estimate for the associated Cowling-Haagerup constant. As an application, we find the appropriate approximation properties of the extended quantum SU(1,1) group and its d…
A topological group $G$ is extremely amenable if every continuous action of $G$ on a compact space has a fixed point. Using the concentration of measure techniques developed by Gromov and Milman, we prove that the group of automorphisms of a Lebesgue space with a non-atomic measure is extremely amenable with the weak topology but not with the uniform one. Strengthening a de la Harpe's result, we show that a von Neumann algebra is approximately finite-dimensional if and only if its unitary group with the strong topology is the product of an extremely amenable group with a compact group.
We revisit Sz.-Nagy's criteria for similarity of Hilbert space bounded linear operators to isometries or unitaries and present new ones. We also discuss counterparts of the Dixmier-Day theorem concerning bounded representations of amenable groups and semigroups. We highlight the role of Folner sets in similarity problems in both settings of unimodular, $σ$-compact, amenable groups and in discrete semigroups possessing the Strong Folner condition (SFC).
For a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$, the quantum group algebra $L^1(\mathbb{G})$ is operator amenable if and only if it has an operator bounded approximate diagonal. It is known that if $L^1(\mathbb{G})$ is operator biflat and has a bounded approximate identity then it is operator amenable. In this paper, we consider nets in $L^2(\mathbb{G})$ which suffice to show these two conditions and combine them to make an approximate diagonal of the form $ω_{{W'}^*ξ\otimesη}$ where $W$ is the multiplicative unitary and $ξ\otimesη$ are simple tensors in $L^2(\mathbb{G})\otimes L^2(\mathbb{G}…
We introduce inner amenability for discrete p.m.p. groupoids and investigate its basic properties, examples, and the connection with central sequences in the full group of the groupoid or central sequences in the von Neumann algebra associated with the groupoid. Among other things, we show that every free ergodic p.m.p. compact action of an inner amenable group gives rise to an inner amenable orbit equivalence relation. We also obtain an analogous result for compact extensions of equivalence relations which either are stable or have a non-trivial central sequence in their full group.
We establish that a second countable locally compact groupoid possessing a continuous Haar system is topologically amenable if and only if it is Borel amenable. We give some examples and applications.
We prove that Wang's free orthogonal and free unitary quantum groups are weakly amenable and that their Cowling-Haagerup constant is equal to 1. This is achieved by estimating the completely bounded norm of the projections on the coefficients of irreducible representations of their compact duals. An argument of monoidal equivalence then allows us to extend this result to quantum automorphism groups of finite spaces and even yields some examples of weakly amenable non-unimodular discrete quantum groups with the Haagerup property.
For an amenable minimal topologically free dynamical system $α$ of a group on a compact metrizable space $Z$ and for a compact metrizable space $Y$ satisfying a mild condition, we construct a minimal skew product extension of $α$ on $Z\times Y$. This generalizes a result of Glasner and Weiss. We also study the pure infiniteness of the crossed products of minimal dynamical systems arising from this result. In particular, we give a generalization of a result of Rørdam and Sierakowski.
