Given a three dimensional pseudo-Einstein CR manifold $(M,T^{1,0}M,θ)$, we establish an expression for the difference of determinants of the Paneitz type operators $A_θ$, related to the problem of prescribing the $Q'$-curvature, under the conformal change $θ\mapsto e^{w}θ$ with $w\in ¶$ the space of pluriharmonic functions. This generalizes the expression of the functional determinant in four dimensional Riemannian manifolds established in \cite{BO2}. We also provide an existence result of maximizers for the scaling invariant functional determinant as in \cite{CY}.
We prove that simply connected Einstein four-manifolds of positive scalar curvature are conformally Kähler if and only if the determinant of the self-dual Weyl curvature is positive.
In this paper we consider the problem of prescribing the $\bar{Q}'$-curvature on three dimensional Pseudo-Einstein CR manifolds. We study the gradient flow generated by the related functional and we will prove its convergence to a limit function under suitable assumptions.
For a class of even dimensional conformally compact manifolds (X,g), we define a generalized Krein spectral function by applying a renormalized trace functional to the spectral measure of the Laplacian. We then show that this is the phase of the Kontsevich-Vishik determinant det S(s) of the scattering operator S(s) of (the Laplacian of) g and we analyze the divisors of det(S(s)). As an application for convex co-compact hyperbolic quotients, we obtain a functional equation for Selberg's Zeta function Z(s), we express the determinant of the GJMS conformal Laplacians of the conformal infinity of …
The purpose of this paper is to present the construction of a canonical determinant functional on elliptic pseudodifferential operators associated to the Guillemin-Wodzicki residue trace. The resulting functional is multiplicative, a local invariant, and not defined by a regularization procedure. The residue determinant is consequently a quite different object to the zeta function (quasi-) determinant, which is non-local and non-multiplicative.
In this paper we study the problem of prescribing the $\bar Q^{\prime}$-curvature on pseudo-Einstein CR 3-manifolds. In the first stage we study the problem in the compact setting and we show that under natural assumptions, one can prescribe any positive CR pluriharmonic function. In the second stage we study the problem in the non-compact setting of the Heisenberg group. Under mild assumptions on the prescribed function, we prove the existence of a one parameter family of solutions. In fact, we show that one can find two kinds of solutions: normal ones that satisfy an isoperimetric inequality…
We describe and construct here pseudo-Hermitian structures $θ$ without torsion (i.e. with transversal symmetry) whose Webster-Ricci curvature tensor is a constant multiple of the exterior differential $dθ$. We call these structures pseudo-Hermitian Einstein and our result states that they all can be derived locally from K{ä}hler-Einstein metrics. Moreover, we discuss the corresponding Fefferman metrics of the pseudo-Hermitian Einstein structures. These Fefferman metrics are never Einstein, but they are locally always conformally Einstein.
Given a three dimensional pseudo-Einstein CR manifold $(M,T^{1,0}M,θ)$, we study the existence of a contact structure conformal to $θ$ for which the logarithmic Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev (LHLS) inequality holds. Our approach closely follows \cite{Ok1} in the Riemannian setting. For this purpose, we introduce the notion of Robin mass as the constant term appearing in the expansion of the Green's function of the $P'$-operator. We show that the LHLS inequality appears when we study the variation of the total mass under conformal change. Then we exhibit an Aubin type result guaranteeing the existen…
We ask a general question: what are locally homogeneous compact pseudo-Riemannian Einstein manifolds? We show that any standard compact Clifford-Klein form of a simple non-compact Lie group admits at least one Einstein metric. We conjecture that these are basically the only possible locally homogeneous Einstein pseudo-Riemannian compact manifolds using T. Kobayashi's conjecture as a guiding principle.
We consider local geometry of sub-pseudo-Riemannian structures on contact manifolds. We construct fundamental invariants of the structures and show that the structures give rise to Einstein-Weyl geometries in dimension 3, provided that certain additional conditions are satisfied.
We show that on a certain class of bounded, complete Reinhardt domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ that enjoy a lot of symmetries, the Carathéodory pseudo-distance and the geodesic distance of the complete Kähler-Einstein metric with Ricci curvature $-1$ are different.
The holonomy algebras of Einstein not Ricci-flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary signature are classified. As illustrating examples, the cases of Lorentzian manifolds, pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of signature $(2,n)$ and the para-quaternionic-Kählerian manifolds with non-zero scalar curvature are considered. Einstein not Ricci-flat metrics of signature $(2,n)$ with all possible holonomy algebras are given.
Let $M$ be a real hypersurface of a complex space form $M^n(c)$, $c\neq0$, $n\geq 3$. We show that the Ricci tensor $S$ of $M$ satisfies $S(X,Y)=ag(X,Y)$ for any vector fields $X$ and $Y$ on the holomorphic distribution, $a$ being a constant, if and only if $M$ is a pseudo-Einstein real hypersurface.
We answer in the affirmative the question posed by Conti and Rossi on the existence of nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 7 with an Einstein pseudo-metric of nonzero scalar curvature. Indeed, we construct a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric $g$ of signature $(3, 4)$ on a nilpotent Lie group of dimension 7, such that $g$ is Einstein and not Ricci-flat. We show that the pseudo-metric $g$ cannot be induced by any left-invariant closed $G_2^*$-structure on the Lie group. Moreover, some results on closed and harmonic $G_2^*$-structures on an arbitrary 7-manifold $M$ are given. In particular,…
In this note, we mainly focus on the existence of pseudo-Einstein contact forms, an upper bound eigenvalue estimate for the CR Paneitz operator and its applications to the uniformization theorem for Sasakian space form in an embeddable closed strictly pseudoconvex CR 3-manifold. Firstly, the existence of pseudo-Einstein contact form is confirmed if the CR 3-manifold is Sasakian. Secondly, we derive an eigenvalue upper bound estimate for the CR Paneitz operator and obtain the CR uniformization theorem for a class of CR 3-manifolds. At the end, under the positivity assumption of the pseudohermit…
\begin{abstract} By following the paradigm of the global quantisation, instead of the analysis under changes of coordinates, in this work we establish a global analysis for the explicit computation of the Dixmier trace and the Wodzicki residue of (elliptic and subelliptic) pseudo-differential operators on compact Lie groups. The regularised determinant for the Dixmier trace is also computed. We obtain these formulae in terms of the global symbol of the corresponding operators. In particular, our approach links the Dixmier trace and Wodzicki residue to the representation theory of the group. Al…
We classify the effective and transitive actions of a Lie group $G$ on an n-dimensional non-degenerate hyperboloid (also called real pseudo-hyperbolic space), under the assumption that $G$ is a closed, connected Lie subgroup of $SO_0(n-r,r+1)$, the connected component of the indefinite special orthogonal group. Assuming additionally that $G$ acts completely reducible on $\mathbb R^{n+1}$, we also obtain that any $G$-homogeneous Einstein pseudo-Riemannian metric on a real, complex or quaternionic pseudo-hyperbolic space, or on a para-complex or para-quaternionic projective space is homothetic t…
A pseudo-Einstein contact form plays a crucial role in defining some global invariants of closed strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds. In this paper, we prove that the existence of a pseudo-Einstein contact form is preserved under deformations as a real hypersurface in a fixed complex manifold of complex dimension at least three.
Let (M,g) be a 2-quasi-Einstein non-conformally flat semi-Riemannian manifold of dimension > 3. We prove that if its Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor R is a linear combination of some Kulkarni-Nomizu tensors formed by the metric tensor g, the Ricci tensor S and its square S^2, then some pseudosymmetry type curvature conditions are satisfied. Certain non-conformally flat warped product manifolds with 2-dimensional base, and in particular some spacetimes, are such 2-quasi Einstein manifolds.
We prove the following statement: Let g be a light-line-complete pseudo-Riemannian Einstein metric of indefinite signature on a connected (n>2)-dimensional manifold M. Assume that a conformally equivalent metric is also Einstein. Then, the metrics are proportional with a constant coefficient. If in addition the manifold is closed, the assumption that the manifold is light-line-complete could be omitted.
Let (M, g, omega) be a compact, almost-Kaehler Einstein 4-manifold of negative star-scalar curvature. Then (M, omega) is a MINIMAL symplectic 4-manifold of general type. In particular, M cannot be differentiably decomposed as a connected sum N # (-CP_2).
We give a normal form for pseudo-Einstein contact forms and apply it to construct intrinsic CR normal coordinates parametrized by the structure group of CR geometry. The proof is based on the construction of parabolic normal coordinates by Jerison and Lee.
We develop variation formulas on almost-product (e.g. foliated) pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, and we consider variations of metric preserving orthogonality of the distributions. These formulae are applied to Einstein-Hilbert type actions: the total mixed scalar curvature and the total extrinsic scalar curvature of a distribution. The obtained Euler-Lagrange equations admit a number of solutions, e.g., twisted products, conformal submersions and isoparametric foliations. The paper generalizes recent results about the actions on codimension-one foliations for the case of arbitrary (co)dimension.
The orthogonal decomposition of the Webster curvature provides us a way to characterize some canonical metrics on a pseudo-Hermitian manifold. We derive some subelliptic differential inequalities from the Weitzenböck formulas for the traceless pseudo-Hermitian Ricci tensor and the Chern-Moser tensor of Sasakian manifolds with constant pseudo-Hermitian scalar curvature and Sasakian pseudo-Einstein manifolds respectively. By means of either subelliptic estimates or maximum principle, some rigidity theorems are established to characterize Sasakian pseudo-Einstein manifolds among Sasakian manifold…
We prove sharp inequalities for determinants of Toeplitz operators and twisted Laplace operators on the two-sphere, generalizing the Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality. In particular a sharp version of conjectures of Gillet-Soule and Fang motivated by Arakelov geometry is obtained; applications to SU(2)-invariant determinantal random point processes on the two-sphere are also discussed. The inequalities are obtained as corollaries of a general theorem about the maximizers of a certain non-local functional defined on the space of all positively curved Hermitian metrics on an ample line bundle ov…
Let $M^{2n-1}$ be the smooth boundary of a bounded strongly pseudo-convex domain $Ω$ in a complete Stein manifold $V^{2n}$. Then (1) For $n \ge 3$, $M^{2n-1}$ admits a pseudo-Eistein metric; (2) For $n \ge 2$, $M^{2n-1}$ admits a Fefferman metric of zero CR Q-curvature; and (3) for a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR embeddable 3-manifold $M^3$, its CR Paneitz operator $P$ is a closed operator.
The metrics of S. Y. Cheng and S.-T. Yau are considered on a strictly pseudoconvex domains in a complex manifold. Such a manifold carries a complete Kähler-Einstein metric if and only if its canonical bundle is positive. We consider the restricted case in which the CR structure on $\partial M$ is normal. In this case M must be a domain in a resolution of the Sasaki cone over $\partial M$. We give a condition on a normal CR manifold which it cannot satisfy if it is a CR infinity of a Kähler-Einstein manifold. We are able to mostly determine those normal CR 3-manifolds which can be CR infinities…
We clarify the relationship between the null geodesic completeness of an Einstein Lorentz manifold and its conformal Kobayashi pseudodistance. We show that an Einstein manifold has at least one incomplete null geodesic if its pseudodistancfe is nontrivial. If its pseudodistance is nondegenerate, all of its null geodesics must be incomplete. Thus an Einstein manifold (M,g) has no complete null geodesic if there is a "physical metric" in the conformal class of g satisfying the null convergence and null generic conditions.
In this paper we prove that geodesic mappings of (pseudo-) Riemannian manifolds preserve the class of differentiability \hbox{$(C^r, r\geq1)$}. Also, if the Einstein space $V_n$ admits a non trivial geodesic mapping onto a \hbox{(pseudo-)} Riemannian manifold $\bar V_n\in C^1$, then $\bar V_n$ is an Einstein space. If a four-dimensional Einstein space with non constant curvature globally admits a geodesic mapping onto a (pseudo-) Riemannian manifold $\bar V_4\in C^1$, then the mapping is affine and, moreover, if the scalar curvature is non vanishing, then the mapping is homothetic, i.e. $\bar …
Let $M$ be pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous Einstein manifold of finite volume, and suppose a connected Lie group $G$ acts transitively and isometrically on $M$. In this situation, the metric on $M$ induces a bilinear form $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ on the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of $G$ which is nil-invariant, a property closely related to invariance. We study such spaces $M$ in three important cases. First, we assume $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ is invariant, in which case the Einstein property requires that $G$ is either solvable or semisimple. Next, we investigate the case where $G$ is solv…
As a generalization of Einstein manifolds, the nearly quasi-Einstein manifolds and pseudo quasi-Einstein manifolds are both interesting and useful in studying the general relativity. In this paper, we study the extended quasi-Einstein manifolds which derive from pseudo quasi-Einstein manifolds. After showing the existence theorem of extended quasi-Einstein manifold, we give some special geometric properties of such manifolds. At the same time, we also discuss the extended quasi-Einstein manifolds with certain soliton like generalised Ricci soliton or Riemann soliton. Furthermore, we construct …
A method, due to Élie Cartan, is used to give an algebraic classification of the non-reductive homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of dimension four. Only one case with Lorentz signature can be Einstein without having constant curvature, and two cases with (2,2) signature are Einstein of which one is Ricci-flat. If a four-dimensional non-reductive homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifold is simply connected, then it is shown to be diffeomorphic to $\real^4$. All metrics for the simply connected non-reductive Einstein spaces are given explicitly. There are no non-reductive pseudo-Riemannian h…
The $Q$-prime curvature is a local invariant of pseudo-Einstein contact forms on integrable strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds. The transformation law of the $Q$-prime curvature under scaling is given in terms of a differential operator, called the $P$-prime operator, acting on the space of CR pluriharmonic functions. In this paper, we generalize these objects to the boundaries of asymptotically complex hyperbolic Einstein (ACHE) manifolds, which are partially integrable, strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds, by using the scattering matrix for ACHE manifolds. In this setting, the $P$-prime opera…
In this paper we show that a $ρ$-Einstein solitons conformal to a pseudo-Euclidean space, invariant under the action of the pseudo-orthogonal group with zero scalar curvature is stady and consequently flat. How application of the results obtained we present an explicit example for a the question proposed by Kazdan in [17].
On $4$-symmetric symplectic spaces, invariant almost complex structures -- up to sign -- arise in pairs. We exhibit some $4$-symmetric symplectic spaces, with a pair of "natural" compatible (usually not positive) invariant almost complex structures, one of them being integrable and the other one being maximally non integrable (i.e. the image of its Nijenhuis tensor at any point is the whole tangent space at that point). The integrable one defines a pseudo-Kähler Einstein metric on the manifold, and the non integrable one is Ricci Hermitian (in the sense that the almost complex structure preser…
We establish Plemelj-Smithies formulas for determinants in different algebras of operators. In particular we define a Poincaré type determinant for operators on the torus $\Tn$ and deduce formulas for determinants of periodic pseudo-differential operators in terms of the symbol. On the other hand, by applying a recently introduced notion of invariant operators relative to fixed decompositions of Hilbert spaces we also obtain formulae for determinants with respect to the trace class. The analysis makes use of the corresponding notion of full matrix-symbol. We also derive explicit formulas for d…
We model pseudo-Finsler geometries, with pseudo-Euclidean signatures of metrics, for two classes of four dimensional nonholonomic manifolds: a) tangent bundles with two dimensional base manifolds and b) pseudo-Riemannian/ Einstein manifolds. Such spacetimes are enabled with nonholonomic distributions and associated nonlinear connection structures and theirs metrics are solutions of the field equations in general relativity or in generalized gravity theories with nonholonomic variables. We rewrite the Schwarzschild metric in Finsler variables and use it for generating new classes of locally ani…
Based on uniform CR Sobolev inequality and Moser iteration, this paper investigates the convergence of closed pseudo-Hermitian manifolds. In terms of the subelliptic inequality, the set of closed normalized pseudo-Einstein manifolds with some uniform geometric conditions is compact. Moreover, the set of closed normalized Sasakian $η$-Einstein $(2n+1)$-manifolds with Carnot-Carathéodory distance bounded from above, volume bounded from below and $L^{n + \frac{1}{2}}$ norm of pseudo-Hermitian curvature bounded is $C^\infty$ compact. As an application, we will deduce some pointed convergence of co…
In this paper, a systematic study of Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifolds are introduced. After studying the properties of this manifolds, we provide necessary and sufficient condition for Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifold to have constant $φ$-sectional curvature, and prove the structure theorem for $ξ$-conformally flat and $φ$-conformally flat Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifolds. Next, we consider Ricci solitons on this manifolds. In particular, we prove that an $η$-Einstein Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifold of dimension higher than 3 admitting a Ricci soliton is Einstein, and a Kenmotsu pseudo-metric 3…
We study warped products semi-Riemannian Einstein manifolds. We consider the case in that the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo Euclidean space and invariant under the action of an translation group. We provide all such solutions in the case Ricci flat when the base is conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, invariant under the action of an translation group and the fiber F is Ricci flat. In particular, we obtain explicit solutions, in the case vacuum, for the Einstein field equation.
In hyperbolic space, the angle of intersection and distance classify pairs of totally geodesic hyperplanes. A similar algebraic invariant classifies pairs of hyperplanes in the Einstein universe. In dimension 3, symplectic splittings of a 4-dimensional real symplectic vector space model Einstein hyperplanes and the invariant is a determinant. The classification contributes to a complete disjointness criterion for crooked surfaces in the 3-dimensional Einstein universe.
In this paper, we prove that a Sasakian pseudo-metric manifold which admits an $η-$Ricci soliton is an $η-$Einstein manifold, and if the potential vector field of the $η-$Ricci soliton is not a Killing vector field then the manifold is $\mathcal{D}-$homothetically fixed, and the vector field leaves the structure tensor field invariant. Next, we prove that a $K-$contact pseudo-metric manifold with a gradient $η-$Ricci soliton metric is $η-$Einstein. Moreover, we study contact pseudo-metric manifolds admitting an $η-$Ricci soliton with a potential vector field point-wise colinear with the Reeb v…
We exhibit several families of Jacobi-Videv pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are not Einstein. We also exhibit Jacobi-Videv algebraic curvature tensors where the Ricci operator defines an almost complex structure.
We give a concise proof that large classes of optimal (constant curvature or Einstein) pseudo-Riemannian metrics are maximally symmetric within their conformal class.
This is a collection of notes on the properties of left-invariant metrics on the eight-dimensional compact Lie group SU(3). Among other topics we investigate the existence of invariant pseudo-Riemannian Einstein metrics on this manifold. We recover the known examples (Killing metric and Jensen metric) in the Riemannian case (signature (8,0)), as well as a Gibbons et al example of signature (6,2), and we describe a new example, which is Lorentzian (ie of signature (7,1). In the latter case the associated metric is left-invariant, with isometry group SU(3) x U(1), and has positive Einstein const…
Einstein-Weyl structures on a three-dimensional manifold $M$ is given by a system $E$ of PDEs on sections of a bundle over $M$. This system is invariant under the Lie pseudogroup $G$ of local diffeomorphisms on $M$. Two Einstein-Weyl structures are locally equivalent if there exists a local diffeomorphism taking one to the other. Our goal is to describe the quotient equation $E/G$ whose solutions correspond to nonequivalent Einstein-Weyl structures. The approach uses symmetries of the Manakov-Santini integrable system and the action of the corresponding Lie pseudogroup.
We classify all left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian Einstein metrics on $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\times \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ that are bi-invariant under a one-parameter subgroup. We find that there are precisely two such metrics up to homothety, the Killing form and a nearly pseudo-Kähler metric.
Let $p:X\rightarrow Y$ be a surjective holomorphic mapping between Kähler manifolds. Let $D$ be a bounded smooth domain in $X$ such that every generic fiber $D_y:=D\cap p^{-1}(y)$ for $y\in Y$ is a strongly pseudoconvex domain in $X_y:=p^{-1}(y)$, which admits the complete Kähler-Einstein metric. This family of Kähler-Einstein metrics induces a smooth $(1,1)$-form $ρ$ on $D$. In this paper, we prove that $ρ$ is positive-definite on $D$ if $D$ is strongly pseudoconvex. We also discuss the extensioin of $ρ$ as a positive current across singular fibers.
We establish an algorithm which computes formulae for the CR GJMS operators, the $P^\prime$-operator, and the $Q^\prime$-curvature in terms of CR tractors. When applied to torsion-free pseudo-Einstein contact forms, this algorithm both gives an explicit factorisation of the CR GJMS operators and the $P^\prime$-operator, and shows that the $Q^\prime$-curvature is constant, with the constant explicitly given in terms of the Webster scalar curvature. We also use our algorithm to derive local formulae for the $P^\prime$-operator and $Q^\prime$-curvature of a five-dimensional pseudo-Einstein manifo…
Given any two Einstein (pseudo-)metrics, with scalar curvatures suitably related, we give an explicit construction of a Poincaré-Einstein (pseudo-)metric with conformal infinity the conformal class of the product of the initial metrics. We show that these metrics are equivalent to ambient metrics for the given conformal structure. The ambient metrics have holonomy that agrees with the conformal holonomy. In the generic case the ambient metric arises directly as a product of the metric cones over the original Einstein spaces. In general the conformal infinity of the Poincare metrics we construc…
Riemannian Manifolds may be $C^{1,1}$ and the geometry of these manifolds is investigated in \cite{Groah1}. Here, a similar analysis is given for pseudohermitian, torsion-free manifolds whereby, instead of assuming that the metric is parallel, it is assumed that the metric is pseudohermitian, a condition adopted by Einstein and elaborated upon in \cite{Hlavaty}. At the level of regularity assumed here, Einstein's formulation of the pseudohermitian condition is not tensorial and so a reformulation of this condition is given here. It is shown that a $C^{1,1}$ manifold is pseudohermitian and tors…
It is well known that pseudo-Riemannian metrics in the projective class of a given torsion free affine connection can be obtained from (and are equivalent to) the solutions of a certain overdetermined projectively invariant differential equation. This equation is a special case of a so-called first BGG equation. The general theory of such equations singles out a subclass of so-called normal solutions. We prove that non-degerate normal solutions are equivalent to pseudo-Riemannian Einstein metrics in the projective class and observe that this connects to natural projective extensions of the Ein…
