Numerical algebraic geometry has a close relationship to intersection theory from algebraic geometry. We deepen this relationship, explaining how rational or algebraic equivalence gives a homotopy. We present a general notion of witness set for subvarieties of a smooth complete complex algebraic variety using ideas from intersection theory. Under appropriate assumptions, general witness sets enable numerical algorithms such as sampling and membership. These assumptions hold for products of flag manifolds. We introduce Schubert witness sets, which provide general witness sets for Grassmannians and flag manifolds.
A numerical description of an algebraic subvariety of projective space is given by a general linear section, called a witness set. For a subvariety of a product of projective spaces (a multiprojective variety), the corresponding numerical description is given by a witness collection, whose structure is more involved. We build on recent work to develop a toolkit for the numerical manipulation of multiprojective varieties that operates on witness collections, and use this toolkit in an algorithm for numerical irreducible decomposition of multiprojective varieties. The toolkit and decomposition a…
We prove bounds for the volume of neighborhoods of algebraic sets, in the euclidean space or the sphere, in terms of the degree of the defining polynomials, the number of variables and the dimension of the algebraic set, without any smoothness assumption. This generalizes previous work of Lotz on smooth complete intersections in the euclidean space and of Bürgisser, Cucker and Lotz on hypersurfaces in the sphere, and gives a complete solution to Problem 17 in the book titled "Condition" by Bürgisser and Cucker.
This paper concerns an analytical stratification question of real algebraic and semi-algebraic sets. For Whitney's stratification in 1957, it partitions a real algebraic set into partial algebraic manifolds\cite{W}. In 1975 Hironaka reproved that a real algebraic set is triangulable and also generalized it to semi-algebraic sets, following the idea of Lojasiewicz's triangulation of semi-analytic sets in 1964. Following their examples and wondering how geometry looks like locally. this paper tries to come up with a stratification, in particular a cell decomposition, such that it satisfies the f…
We prove that any complex or real analytic set or function germ is topologically equivalent to a germ defined by polynomial equations whose coefficients are algebraic numbers.
In this paper we define the algebraic sets and the ideal of points for bijective skew PBW extensions with coefficients in left Noetherian domains. Some properties of affine algebraic sets of commutative algebraic geometry will be extended, in particular, a Zariski topology will be constructed. Assuming additionally that the extension is quasi-commutative with polynomial center and the ring of coefficients is an algebraically closed field, we will prove an adapted version of the Hilbert's Nullstellensatz theorem that covers the classical one. The Gröbner bases of skew PBW extensions will be use…
We present a new notion of decomposition of semialgebraic sets by introducing a mode of irreducibility based on arc-analytic functions. The result is a refinement of the decomposition of such sets with respect to the Zariski topology as well as a refinement of the decomposition in each of the recent approaches based on Nash and continuous rational functions. In addition, by pairing the ring of arc-analytic functions with semialgebraic sets, we obtain a theory of algebraic geometry equipped with strong tools such as the Identity Principle and the Nullstellensatz.
Given any arbitrary semi-algebraic set $X$, any two points in $X$ may be joined by a piecewise $C^2$ path $γ$ of shortest length. Suppose $\mathcal{A}$ is a semi-algebraic stratification of $X$ such that each component of $γ\cap \mathcal{A}$ is either a singleton or a real analytic geodesic segment in $\mathcal{A}$, the question is whether $γ\cap \mathcal{A}$ has at most finitely many such components. This paper gives a semi-algebraic stratification, in particular a cell decomposition, of a real semi-algebraic set in the plane whose open cells have this finiteness property. This provides insig…
Given a closed semi-algebraic set $X \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ and a continuous semi-algebraic mapping $G \colon X \to \mathbb{R}^m,$ it will be shown that there exists an open dense semi-algebraic subset $\mathscr{U}$ of $L(\mathbb{R}^n, \mathbb{R}^m),$ the space of all linear mappings from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}^m,$ such that for all $F \in \mathscr{U},$ the image $(F + G)(X)$ is a closed (semi-algebraic) set in $\mathbb{R}^m.$ To do this, we study the tangent cone at infinity $C_\infty X$ and the set $E_\infty X \subset C_\infty X$ of (unit) exceptional directions at infinity of $X.$ Spe…
Triangular decomposition is one of the standard ways to represent the radical of a polynomial ideal. A general algorithm for computing such a decomposition was proposed by A. Szanto. In this paper, we give the first complete bounds for the degrees of the polynomials and the number of components in the output of the algorithm, providing explicit formulas for these bounds.
