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arXiv 1909.00601math.NTmath.PR
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乘性算术函数与广义 Ewens 测度

Multiplicative arithmetic functions and the generalized Ewens measure

Dor Elboim, Ofir Gorodetsky

AI总结:

本文将随机整数与随机排列的经典类比推广到非均匀分布,利用乘性函数定义整数测度,并与广义 Ewens 测度对应,证明两类权重情形下结果一致。

摘要:

从 $[1,x]$ 中均匀采样的随机整数,与从 $S_n$ 中均匀采样的随机排列具有相似性。这些相似性包括关于随机整数素因子个数分布的 Erdős–Kac 定理,以及关于随机整数最大素因子的 Billingsley 定理。本文将这种类比推广到非均匀分布。给定乘性函数 $α\colon \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$,可以在 $[1,x]$ 中的整数上关联一种测度,其中采样 $n$ 的概率正比于值 $α(n)$。类似地,给定非负实数序列 $\{θ_i\}_{i \ge 1}$,可以在 $S_n$ 上关联一种测度,它赋予一个排列的概率正比于该排列各循环上权重的乘积。这种测度称为广义 Ewens 测度。我们研究了 $α$ 在素数上的均值趋于某个正数 $θ$ 的情形,以及权重 $α(p) \approx (\log p)^γ$ 的情形。在这两种情况下,我们都在整数框架中得到了与排列框架中结果相一致的结论。

英文摘要:

Random integers, sampled uniformly from $[1,x]$, share similarities with random permutations, sampled uniformly from $S_n$. These similarities include the Erdős--Kac theorem on the distribution of the number of prime factors of a random integer, and Billingsley's theorem on the largest prime factors of a random integer. In this paper we extend this analogy to non-uniform distributions. Given a multiplicative function $α\colon \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$, one may associate with it a measure on the integers in $[1,x]$, where $n$ is sampled with probability proportional to the value $α(n)$. Analogously, given a sequence $\{ θ_i\}_{i \ge 1}$ of non-negative reals, one may associate with it a measure on $S_n$ that assigns to a permutation a probability proportional to a product of weights over the cycles of the permutation. This measure is known as the generalized Ewens measure. We study the case where the mean value of $α$ over primes tends to some positive $θ$, as well as the weights $α(p) \approx (\log p)^γ$. In both cases, we obtain results in the integer setting which are in agreement with those in the permutation setting.

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