Modules over posets: commutative and homological algebra
Ezra Miller
备注：
v2: no change from v1; only these Comments updated to say that this preprint is obsolete, split into arXiv:2008.00063, arXiv:2008.00093, and arXiv:2008.00091. v1: 63 pages, 23 figures; this is a corrected, reorganized version of most of Sections 1-5 from arXiv:1709.08155v1, expanded to include more examples as well as proofs of two conjectures due to Kashiwara and Schapira
The commutative and homological algebra of modules over posets is developed, as closely parallel as possible to the algebra of finitely generated modules over noetherian commutative rings, in the direction of finite presentations, primary decompositions, and resolutions. Interpreting this finiteness in the language of derived categories of subanalytically constructible sheaves proves two conjectures due to Kashiwara and Schapira concerning sheaves with microsupport in a given cone. The motivating case is persistent homology of arbitrary filtered topological spaces, especially the case of multiple real parameters. The algebraic theory yields computationally feasible, topologically interpretable data structures, in terms of birth and death of homology classes, for persistent homology indexed by arbitrary posets. The exposition focuses on the nature and ramifications of a suitable finiteness condition to replace the noetherian hypothesis. The tameness condition introduced for this purpose captures finiteness for variation in families of vector spaces indexed by posets in a way that is characterized equivalently by distinct topological, algebraic, combinatorial, and homological manifestations. Tameness serves both the theoretical and computational purposes: it guarantees finite primary decompositions, as well as various finite presentations and resolutions all related by a syzygy theorem, and the data structures thus produced are computable in addition to being interpretable. The tameness condition and its resulting theory are new even in the finitely generated discrete setting, where being tame is materially weaker than being noetherian.
Homological algebra of modules over posets is developed, as closely parallel as possible to that of finitely generated modules over noetherian commutative rings, in the direction of finite presentations and resolutions. Centrally at issue is how to define finiteness to replace the noetherian hypothesis which fails. The tameness condition introduced for this purpose captures finiteness for variation in families of vector spaces indexed by posets in a way that is characterized equivalently by distinct topological, algebraic, combinatorial, and homological manifestations. Tameness serves both the…
We use homological perturbation machinery specific for the algebra category [P. Real. Homological Perturbation Theory and Associativity. Homology, Homotopy and Applications vol. 2, n. 5 (2000) 51-88] to give an algorithm for computing the differential structure of a small 1--homological model for commutative differential graded algebras (briefly, CDGAs). The complexity of the procedure is studied and a computer package in Mathematica is described for determining such models.
There are a large number of theorems detailing the homological properties of the Stanley--Reisner ring of a simplicial complex. Here we attempt to generalize some of these results to the case of a simplicial poset. By investigating the combinatorics of certain modules associated with the face ring of a simplicial poset from a topological viewpoint, we extend some results of Miyazaki and Gräbe to a wider setting.
In this paper we study monomial ideals attached to posets, introduce generalized Hibi rings and investigate their algebraic and homological properties. The main tools to study these objects are Groebner basis theory, the concept of sortability due to Sturmfels and the theory of weakly polymatroidal ideals.
Cohen-Macaulay dimension for modules over a commutative noetherian local ring has been defined by A. A. Gerko. That is a homological invariant sharing many properties with projective dimension and Gorenstein dimension. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the notion of Cohen-Macaulay dimension for modules over commutative noetherian local rings to that for bounded complexes over non-commutative noetherian rings.
The use of homological and homotopical devices, such as Tor and André-Quillen homology, have found substantial use in characterizing commutative algebras. The primary category setting has been differentially graded algebras and modules, but recently simplicial categories have also proved to be useful settings. In this paper, we take this point of view up a notch by extending some recent uses of homological algebra in characterizing Noetherian commutative algebras to characterizing simplicial commutative algebras having finite Noetherian homotopy through the use of simplicial homotopy theory. T…
Let $Λ$ be a left and right noetherian ring. First, for $m,n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$, we give equivalent conditions for a given $Λ$-module to be $n$-torsionfree and have $m$-torsionfree transpose. Using them, we investigate totally reflexive modules and reducing Gorenstein dimension. Next, we introduce homological invariants for $Λ$-modules which we call upper reducing projective and Gorenstein dimensions. We provide an inequality of upper reducing projective dimension and complexity when $Λ$ is commutative and local. Using it, we consider how upper reducing projective dimension relates to…
This text was written and used for a MAP Summer School at the University of Genova, August 28 to September 2, 2006. Available since then on the web site of the second author, it has been used and referenced by several colleagues working in Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Topology. To make safer such references, it was suggested to place it on the Arxiv repository. It is a relatively detailed exposition of the use of the Basic Perturbation Lemma to make constructive Homological Algebra (standard Homological Algebra is not constructive) and how this technology can be used in Commutative Algebr…
Let $A$ be a commutative noetherian ring, let $\mathfrak{a}\subseteq A$ be an ideal, and let $I$ be an injective $A$-module. A basic result in the structure theory of injective modules states that the $A$-module $Γ_{\mathfrak{a}}(I)$ consisting of $\mathfrak{a}$-torsion elements is also an injective $A$-module. Recently, de Jong proved a dual result: If $F$ is a flat $A$-module, then the $\mathfrak{a}$-adic completion of $F$ is also a flat $A$-module. In this paper we generalize these facts to commutative noetherian DG-rings: let $A$ be a commutative non-positive DG-ring such that $\mathrm{H}^…
We study homological properties of test modules that are, in principle, modules that detect finite homological dimensions. The main outcome of our results is a generalization of a classical theorem of Auslander and Bridger: we prove that, if a commutative Noetherian complete local ring R admits a test module of finite Gorenstein dimension, then R is Gorenstein.
Differential graded (DG) algebras are powerful tools from rational homotopy theory. We survey some recent applications of these in the realm of homological commutative algebra.
We describe several applications of the theory of cycles to questions in Commutative Algebra. The main topic is the use of the theory of local Chern characters to answer some questions on modules of finite homological dimension. This paper is based on talks given at the conference on cycles in Morelia, Mexico in June 2003.
Let R denote a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be an ideal of R such that H_i^I(R) = 0, for all integers i greater than or equal to 2. In this paper we shall prove some results concerning the homological properties of I.
In this paper, we characterize chordal and perfect zero-divisor graphs of finite posets. Also, it is proved that the zero-divisor graphs of finite posets and the complement of zero-divisor graphs of finite $0$-distributive posets satisfy the Total Coloring Conjecture. These results are applied to the zero-divisor graphs of finite reduced rings, the comaximal ideal graph of rings, the annihilating ideal graphs, the intersection graphs of ideals of rings, and the intersection graphs of subgroups of cyclic groups. In fact, it is proved that these graphs associated with a commutative ring $R$ with…
This is a survey of recent advances in commutative algebra, especially in mixed characteristic, obtained by using the theory of perfectoid spaces. An explanation of these techniques and a short account of the author's proof of the direct summand conjecture are included. One then portrays the progresses made with these (and related) techniques on the so-called homological conjectures.
Let $(R,\fm)$ be commutative Noetherian local ring. It is shown that $R$ is Cohen--Macaulay ring if there exists a Cohen--Macaulay finite (i.e. finitely generated) $R$--module with finite upper Gorenstein dimension. In addition, we show that, in the Intersection Theorem, projective dimension can be replaced by quasi--projective dimension.
A semi-dualizing module over a commutative noetherian ring A is a finitely generated module C with RHom_A(C,C) \simeq A in the derived category D(A). We show how each such module gives rise to three new homological dimensions which we call C-Gorenstein projective, C-Gorenstein injective, and C-Gorenstein flat dimension, and investigate the properties of these dimensions.
We prove a theorem unifying three results from combinatorial homological and commutative algebra, characterizing the Koszul property for incidence algebras of posets and affine semigroup rings, and characterizing linear resolutions of squarefree monomial ideals. The characterization in the graded setting is via the Cohen-Macaulay property of certain posets or simplicial complexes, and in the more general nongraded setting, via the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.
The study of homological invariants such as Tor, Ext and local cohomology modules constitutes an important direction in commutative algebra. Explicit descriptions of these invariants are notoriously difficult to find and often involve combining an array of techniques from other fields of mathematics. In recent years tools from algebraic geometry and representation theory have been successfully employed in order to shed some light on the structure of homological invariants associated with determinantal rings. The goal of this notes is to survey some of these results, focusing on examples in an …
Let (R,m) be a commutative Noetherian local ring. It is known that R is Cohen-Macaulay if there exists either a nonzero finitely generated R-module of finite injective dimension or a nonzero Cohen-Macaulay R-module of finite projective dimension. In this paper, we investigate the Gorenstein analogues of these facts.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring. An $R$-module $M$ is called a semi-regular $w$-flat module if $\Tor_1^R(R/I,M)$ is $\GV$-torsion for any finitely generated semi-regular ideal $I$. In this article, we show that the class of semi-regular $w$-flat modules is a covering class. Utilizing these notions, we give some homological characterizations of $\WQ$-rings and $Q_0$-\PvMR s.
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian local ring with residue field $k$. Using the structure of Vogel cohomology, for any finitely generated module $M$, we introduce a new dimension, called $ζ$-dimension, denoted by $ζ-dim_R M$. This dimension is finer than Gorenstein dimension and has nice properties enjoyed by homological dimensions. In particular, it characterizes Gorenstein rings in the sense that: a ring $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if every finitely generated $R$-module has finite $ζ$-dimension. Our definition of $ζ$-dimension offer a new homological perspective on the projective dimensio…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring. We show that any complete duality pair gives rise to a theory of relative homological algebra, analogous to Gorenstein homological algebra. Indeed Gorenstein homological algebra over a commutative Noetherian ring of finite Krull dimension can be recovered from the duality pair $(\mathcal{F},\mathcal{I})$ where $\mathcal{F}$ is the class of flat $R$-modules and $\mathcal{I}$ is the class of injective $R$-modules. For a general $R$, the AC-Gorenstein homological algebra of Bravo-Gillespie-Hovey is the one coming from the duality pair $(\mathcal{L},\mathcal{A})$ whe…
We resolve an open question posed by the authors of arXiv:1501.06925v2 in 2015 concerning a Gröbner theoretic approach for the noetherianity of the twisted commutative algebra ${\rm Sym}({\rm Sym}^2(\mathbf{C}^\infty))$. We provide a negative answer to their question by producing an explicit antichain. In doing so, we establish a connection to well studied posets of graphs under the subgraph and induced subgraph relation. We then analyze this connection to suggest future paths of investigation, for example a deeper study of initial ideals in twisted commutative algebras.
Let R be a commutative Noetherian local ring. We show that R is Gorenstein if and only if every finitely generated R-module can be embedded in a finitely generated R-module of finite projective dimension. This extends a result of Auslander and Bridger to rings of higher Krull dimension, and it also improves a result due to Foxby where the ring is assumed to be Cohen-Macaulay.
In this paper we study homological dimensions of finitely generated modules over commutative Noetherian local rings, called reducing homological dimensions. We obtain new characterizations of Gorenstein and complete intersection local rings via reducing homological dimensions. For example, we extend a classical result of Auslander and Bridger, and prove that a local ring is Gorenstein if and only if each finitely generated module over it has finite reducing Gorenstein dimension. Along the way, we prove various connections between complexity and reducing projective dimension of modules.
Gorenstein homological dimensions are refinements of the classical homological dimensions, and finiteness singles out modules with amenable properties reflecting those of modules over Gorenstein rings. As opposed to their classical counterparts, these dimensions do not immediately come with practical and robust criteria for finiteness, not even over commutative noetherian local rings. In this paper we enlarge the class of rings known to admit good criteria for finiteness of Gorenstein dimensions: It now includes, for instance, the rings encountered in commutative algebraic geometry and, in the…
Let \fa be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring R and M and N two finitely generated R-modules. Let \cd_{\fa}(M,N) denote the supremum of the i's such that H^i_{\fa}(M,N)\neq 0. First, by using the theory of Gorenstein homological dimensions, we obtain several upper bounds for \cd_{\fa}(M,N). Next, over a Cohen-Macaulay local ring (R,\fm), we show that \cd_{\fm}(M,N)=\dim R-\grade(\Ann_RN,M), provided that either projective dimension of M or injective dimension of N is finite. Finally, over such rings, we establish an analogue of the Hartshorne-Lichtenbaum Vanishing Theorem in the context…
We obtain various characterizations of commutative Noetherian local rings $(R, \fm)$ in terms of homological dimensions of certain finitely generated modules. For example, we establish that $R$ is Gorenstein if the Gorenstein injective dimension of the maximal ideal $\fm$ of $R$ is finite. Furthermore we prove that $R$ must be regular if a single $\Ext_{R}^{n}(I,J)$ vanishes for some integrally closed $\fm$-primary ideals $I$ and $J$ of $R$ and for some integer $n\geq \dim(R)$. Along the way we observe that local rings that admit maximal Cohen-Macaulay Tor-rigid modules are Cohen-Macaulay.
In this paper, we introduce a new algebraic concept, which we call squarefree P-modules. This concept is inspired from Karu's proof of the non-negativity of the cd-indices of Gorenstein* posets, and supplies a way to study cd-indices from the viewpoint of commutative algebra. Indeed, by using the theory of squarefree P-modules, we give several new algebraic and combinatorial results on CW-posets. First, we define an analogue of the cd-index for any CW-poset and prove its non-negativity when a CW-poset is Cohen-Macaulay. This result proves that the h-vector of the barycentric subdivision of a C…
In this paper, we study the relative homological dimension based on the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules (PGF-modules), that were introduced by Saroch and Stovicek. The resulting PGF-dimension of modules has several properties in common with the Gorenstein projective dimension, the relative homological theory based on the class of Gorenstein projective modules. In particular, there is a hereditary Hovey triple in the category of modules of finite PGF-dimension, whose associated homotopy category is triangulated equivalent to the stable category of PGF-modules. Studying …
We study smooth maps that arise in derived algebraic geometry. Given a map $A \to B$ between non-positive commutative noetherian DG-rings which is of flat dimension $0$, we show that it is smooth in the sense of Toën-Vezzosi if and only if it is homologically smooth in the sense of Kontsevich. We then show that $B$, being a perfect DG-module over $B\otimes^{\mathrm{L}}_A B$ has, locally, an explicit semi-free resolution as a Koszul complex. As an application we show that a strong form of Van den Bergh duality between (derived) Hochschild homology and cohomology holds in this setting.
Let $G$ be a group and $R$ be a ring. We define the Gorenstein homological dimension of $G$ over $R$, denoted by ${\rm Ghd}_{R}G$, as the Gorenstein flat dimension of trivial $RG$-module $R$. It is proved that ${\rm Ghd}_SG \leq {\rm Ghd}_RG$ for any flat extension of commutative rings $R\rightarrow S$; in particular, ${\rm Ghd}_{R}G$ is a refinement of ${\rm Ghd}_{\mathbb{Z}}G$ if $R$ is $\mathbb{Z}$-torsion-free. We show a Gorenstein homological version of Serre's theorem, i.e. ${\rm Ghd}_{R}G = {\rm Ghd}_{R}H$ for any subgroup $H$ of $G$ with finite index. As an application, $G$ is a finite…
Let p be a prime ideal in a commutative noetherian ring R. It is proved that if an R-module M satisfies Tor^R_n(k(p),M) = 0 for some n \geq dim R_p, where k(p) is the residue field at p, then Tor^R_i(k(p),M) = 0 holds for all i \geq n. Similar rigidity results concerning Ext_R^*(k(p),M) are proved, and applications to the theory of homological dimensions are explored.
We investigate the similarities between adic finiteness and homological finiteness for chain complexes over a commutative noetherian ring. In particular, we extend the isomorphism properties of certain natural morphisms from homologically finite complexes to adically finite complexes. We do the same for characterizations of certain homological dimensions. In addition, we study transfer of adic finiteness along ring homomorphisms, all with a view toward subsequent applications.
Let $R$ be a local commutative noetherian ring and $HKR$ the homology ring of the corresponding Koszul complex. We study the homological properties of $HKR$ in particular the so-called Avramov spectral sequence. When the embedding dimension of $R$ is four and when $R$ can be presented with quadratic relations we have found 102 cases where this spectral sequence degenerates and only three cases where it does not degenerate. We also determine completely the Hilbert series of the bigraded Tor of these $HKR$ in tables A-D of section 5. We also study some higher embedding dimensions. Among the meth…
We identify families of commutative rings that can be written as a direct limit of a directed system of noetherian regular rings and investigate the homological properties of such rings.
A model for statistical ranking is a family of probability distributions whose states are orderings of a fixed finite set of items. We represent the orderings as maximal chains in a graded poset. The most widely used ranking models are parameterized by rational function in the model parameters, so they define algebraic varieties. We study these varieties from the perspective of combinatorial commutative algebra. One of our models, the Plackett-Luce model, is non-toric. Five others are toric: the Birkhoff model, the ascending model, the Csiszar model, the inversion model, and the Bradley-Terry …
This article concerns linear parts of minimal resolutions of finitely generated modules over commutative local, or graded rings. The focus is on the linearity defect of a module, which marks the point after which the linear part of its minimal resolution is acyclic. The results established track the change in this invariant under some standard operations in commutative algebra. As one of the applications, it is proved that a local ring is Koszul if and only if it admits a Koszul module that is Cohen-Macaulay of minimal degree. An injective analogue of the linearity defect is introduced and stu…
Starting from the notion of totally reflexive modules, we survey the theory of Gorenstein homological dimensions for modules over commutative rings. The account includes the theory's connections with relative homological algebra and with studies of local ring homomorphisms. It ends close to the starting point: with a characterization of Gorenstein rings in terms of total acyclicity of complexes.
