Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are linear codes that intersect with their dual codes trivially. We study the largest minimum weight $d_2(n,k)$ among all binary LCD $[n,k]$ codes and the largest minimum weight $d_3(n,k)$ among all ternary LCD $[n,k]$ codes. The largest minimum weights $d_2(n,5)$ and $d_3(n,4)$ are partially determined. We also determine the largest minimum weights $d_2(n,n-5)$, $d_3(n,n-i)$ for $i \in \{2,3,4\}$, and $d_3(n,k)$ for $n \in \{11,12,\ldots,19\}$.
We give two methods for constructing many linear complementary dual (LCD for short) codes from a given LCD code, by modifying some known methods for constructing self-dual codes. Using the methods, we construct binary LCD codes and quaternary Hermitian LCD codes, which improve the previously known lower bound on the largest minimum weights.
LCD codes are linear codes with important cryptographic applications. Recently, a method has been presented to transform any linear code into an LCD code with the same parameters when it is supported on a finite field with cardinality larger than 3. Hence, the study of LCD codes is mainly open for binary and ternary fields. Subfield-subcodes of $J$-affine variety codes are a generalization of BCH codes which have been successfully used for constructing good quantum codes. We describe binary and ternary LCD codes constructed as subfield-subcodes of $J$-affine variety codes and provide some new …
Absolute coset leaders were first proposed by the authors which have advantages in constructing binary LCD BCH codes. As a continue work, in this paper we focus on ternary linear codes. Firstly, we find the largest, second largest, and third largest absolute coset leaders of ternary primitive BCH codes. Secondly, we present three classes of ternary primitive BCH codes and determine their weight distributions. Finally, we obtain some LCD BCH codes and calculate some weight distributions. However, the calculation of weight distributions of two of these codes is equivalent to that of Kloosterman …
The main aim of this paper is to study $LCD$ codes. Linear code with complementary dual($LCD$) are those codes which have their intersection with their dual code as $\{0\}$. In this paper we will give rather alternative proof of Massey's theorem\cite{8}, which is one of the most important characterization of $LCD$ codes. Let $LCD[n,k]_3$ denote the maximum of possible values of $d$ among $[n,k,d]$ ternary $LCD$ codes. In \cite{4}, authors have given upper bound on $LCD[n,k]_2$ and extended this result for $LCD[n,k]_q$, for any $q$, where $q$ is some prime power. We will discuss cases when this…
Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes introduced by Massey are the codes whose intersections with their dual codes are trivial. It can help to improve the security of the information processed by sensitive devices, especially against side-channel attacks (SCA) and fault invasive attacks. In this paper, By construction of puncturing, extending, shortening and combination codes, many good ternary LCD codes are presented. We give a Table 1 with the values of $d_{LCD}(n,k)$ for length $ n \leq 20$. In addition, Many of these ternary LCD codes given in this paper are optimal which are saturating th…
Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are linear codes which intersect their dual codes trivially, which have been of interest and extensively studied due to their practical applications in computational complexity and information protection. In this paper, we give some methods for constructing LCD codes over small finite fields by modifying some typical methods for constructing linear codes. We show that all odd-like binary LCD codes, ternary LCD codes and quaternary Hermitian LCD codes can be constructed using the modified methods. Our results improve the known lower bounds on the largest mi…
Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are linear codes that intersect with their dual trivially. We give a characterization of LCD codes over $\mathbb{F}_q$ having large minimum weights for $q \in \{2,3\}$. Using the characterization, we determine the largest minimum weights among LCD $[n,k]$ codes over $\mathbb{F}_q$ for $(q,k) \in \{(2,4), (3,2),(3,3)\}$. Moreover, we give a complete classification of optimal LCD $[n,k]$ codes over $\mathbb{F}_q$ for $(q,k) \in \{(2,3), (2,4), (3,2),(3,3)\}$.
Double Toeplitz (DT) codes are codes with a generator matrix of the form $(I,T)$ with $T$ a Toeplitz matrix, that is to say constant on the diagonals parallel to the main. When $T$ is tridiagonal and symmetric we determine its spectrum explicitly by using Dickson polynomials, and deduce from there conditions for the code to be LCD. Using a special concatenation process, we construct optimal or quasi-optimal examples of binary and ternary LCD codes from DT codes over extension fields.
Linear code with complementary dual($LCD$) are those codes which meet their duals trivially. In this paper we will give rather alternative proof of Massey's theorem\cite{Massey2}, which is one of the most important characterization of $LCD$ codes. Let $LCD[n,k]_3$ denote the maximum of possible values of $d$ among $[n,k,d]$ ternary codes. We will give bound on $LCD[n,k]_3$. We will also discuss the cases when this bound is attained.
We propose a method for a classification of quaternary Hermitian LCD codes having large minimum weights. As an example, we give a classification of quaternary optimal Hermitian LCD codes of dimension 3.
Hermitian linear complementary dual codes are linear codes whose intersection with their Hermitian dual code is trivial. The largest minimum weight among quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$ is known for each length. We give the complete classification of optimal quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$.
Linear complementary dual codes (or codes with complementary duals) are codes whose intersections with their dual codes are trivial. These codes were first introduced by Massey in 1964. Nowadays, LCD codes are extensively studied in the literature and widely applied in data storage, cryptography, etc. In this paper, we prove some properties of binary LCD codes using their shortened and punctured codes. We also present some inequalities for the largest minimum weight $d_{LCD}(n,k)$ of binary LCD [n,k] codes for given length n and dimension k. Furthermore, we give two tables with the values of $…
From a given $[n, k]$ code $C$, we give a method for constructing many $[n, k]$ codes $C'$ such that the hull dimensions of $C$ and $C'$ are identical. This method can be applied to constructions of both self-dual codes and linear complementary dual codes (LCD codes for short). Using the method, we construct 661 new inequivalent extremal doubly even $[56, 28, 12]$ codes. Furthermore, constructing LCD codes by the method, we improve some of the previously known lower bounds on the largest minimum weights of binary LCD codes of length $n=26,28 \le n \le 40$.
We introduce a general construction of many Hermitian LCD $[n, k]$ codes from a given Hermitian LCD $[n, k]$ code. Furthermore, we present some results on punctured codes and shortened codes of quaternary Hermitian LCD codes. As an application, we improve some of the previously known lower bounds on the largest minimum weights of quaternary Hermitian LCD codes of length $12 \le n \le 30$.
Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are optimal where the minimum distance cannot be improved for a given length and code size. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields were introduced in 2017, which are generalization of Reed-Solomon codes. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes can be applied in cryptography which prefer the codes with large minimum distance. MDS codes can be constructed from twisted Reed-Solomon codes, and most of them are not equivalent to Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper, we first generalize twisted Reed-Solomon codes to generalized twisted Reed-Solomon codes, then we give s…
Cyclic codes are an interesting type of linear codes and have wide applications in communication and storage systems due to their efficient encoding and decoding algorithms. It was proved that asymptotically good Hermitian LCD codes exist. The objective of this paper is to construct some cyclic Hermitian LCD codes over finite fields and analyse their parameters. The dimensions of these codes are settled and the lower bounds on their minimum distances are presented. Most Hermitian LCD codes presented in this paper are not BCH codes. In addition, we employ Hermitian LCD codes to propose a Hermit…
In this work, we study and determine the dimensions of Euclidean and Hermitian hulls of two classical propagation rules, namely, the direct sum construction and the $(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{u+v})$-construction. Some new criteria for the resulting codes derived from these two propagation rules being self-dual, self-orthogonal, or linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are given. As an application, we construct some linear codes with prescribed hull dimensions, many new binary, ternary Euclidean formally self-dual (FSD) LCD codes, and quaternary Hermitian FSD LCD codes. Some new even-like, odd-like, …
We study the performance of ternary isodual codes which are not self-dual and ternary self-dual codes, as measured by the decoding error probability in bounded distance decoding. We compare the performance of ternary double circulant and double twistulant codes which are not self-dual with ternary extremal self-dual codes. We also investigate the performance of ternary self-dual codes having large minimum weights.
The hull $H(C)$ of a linear code $C$ is defined by $H(C)=C \cap C^\perp$. A linear code with a complementary dual (LCD) is a linear code with $H(C)=\{0\}$. The dimension of the hull of a code is an invariant under permutation equivalence. For binary and ternary codes the dimension of the hull is also invariant under monomial equivalence and we show that this invariant is determined by the extended weight enumerator of the code.\\ The hull of a code is not invariant under monomial equivalence if $q\geq 4$. We show that every ${\mathbb F}_q $-linear code is monomial equivalent with an LCD code i…
Linear complementary-dual (LCD for short) codes are linear codes that intersect with their duals trivially. LCD codes have been used in certain communication systems. It is recently found that LCD codes can be applied in cryptography. This application of LCD codes renewed the interest in the construction of LCD codes having a large minimum distance. MDS codes are optimal in the sense that the minimum distance cannot be improved for given length and code size. Constructing LCD MDS codes is thus of significance in theory and practice. Recently, Jin (\cite{Jin}, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2016) con…
Linear codes with complementary duals (LCD) have a great deal of significance amongst linear codes. Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are also an important class of linear codes since they achieve the greatest error correcting and detecting capabilities for fixed length and dimension. The construction of linear codes that are both LCD and MDS is a hard task in coding theory. In this paper, we study the constructions of LCD codes that are MDS from negacyclic codes over finite fields of odd prime power $q$ elements. We construct four families of MDS negacyclic LCD codes of length $n|\frac{q…
Cyclic codes are an important subclass of linear codes and have wide applications in data storage systems, communication systems and consumer electronics. In this paper, two families of optimal ternary cyclic codes are presented. The first family of cyclic codes has parameters $[3^m-1, 3^m-1-2m, 4]$ and contains a class of conjectured cyclic codes and several new classes of optimal cyclic codes. The second family of cyclic codes has parameters $[3^m-1, 3^m-2-2m, 5]$ and contains a number of classes of cyclic codes that are obtained from perfect nonlinear functions over $\fthreem$, where $m>1$ …
One of the most important and challenging problems in coding theory is to construct codes with best possible parameters and properties. The class of quasi-cyclic (QC) codes is known to be fertile to produce such codes. Focusing on QC codes over the binary field, we have found 113 binary QC codes that are new among the class of QC codes using an implementation of a fast cyclic partitioning algorithm and the highly effective ASR algorithm. Moreover, these codes have the following additional properties: a) they have the same parameters as best known linear codes, and b) many of the have additiona…
Historically, LCD cyclic codes were referred to as reversible cyclic codes, which had application in data storage. Due to a newly discovered application in cryptography, there has been renewed interest on LCD codes. In this paper, we explore two special families of LCD cyclic codes, which are both BCH codes. The dimensions and the minimum distances of these LCD BCH codes are investigated. As a byproduct, the parameters of some primitive BCH codes are also obtained.
Linear complementary dual codes (LCD codes) are codes whose intersections with their dual codes are trivial. These codes were introduced by Massey in 1992. LCD codes have wide applications in data storage, communication systems, and cryptography. Niederreiter-Rosenbloom-Tsfasman LCD codes (NRT-LCD codes) were introduced by Heqian, Guangku and Wei as a generalization of LCD codes for the NRT metric space $M_{n,s}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$. In this paper, we study LCD$[n\times s,k]$, the maximum minimum NRT distance among all binary $[n\times s,k]$ NRT-LCD codes. We prove the existence (non-existence) of…
In this paper, the 3-rank of the incidence matrices of 2-designs supported by the minimum weight codewords in a family of ternary linear codes considered in [C. Ding, C. Li, Infinite families of 2-designs and 3-designs from linear codes, Discrete Mathematics 340(10) (2017) 2415--2431] are computed. A lower bound on the minimum distance of the ternary codes spanned by the incidence matrices of these designs is derived, and it is proved that the codes are subcodes of the 4th order generalized Reed-Muller codes.
Locally recoverable (LRC) codes provide a solution to single node failure in distributed storage systems, where it is a very common problem. On the other hand, linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are useful in fault injections attacks on storage systems. In this paper, we establish a connection between LRC codes and LCD codes. We derive some conditions on the construction of cyclic LRC codes so that they are also LCD codes. A lower bound on the minimum distance of such codes is determined. Some examples have been given to explain the construction.
Linear Complementary Dual codes (LCD) are binary linear codes that meet their dual trivially. We construct LCD codes using orthogonal matrices, self-dual codes, combinatorial designs and Gray map from codes over the family of rings $R_k$. We give a linear programming bound on the largest size of an LCD code of given length and minimum distance. We make a table of lower bounds for this combinatorial function for modest values of the parameters.
The sizes of optimal constant-composition codes of weight three have been determined by Chee, Ge and Ling with four cases in doubt. Group divisible codes played an important role in their constructions. In this paper, we study the problem of constructing optimal ternary constant-composition codes with Hamming weight four and minimum distance six. The problem is solved with a small number of lengths undetermined. The previously known results are those with code length no greater than 10.
Due to some practical applications, linear complementary dual (LCD) codes and self-orthogonal codes have attracted wide attention in recent years. In this paper, we use simplicial complexes for construction of an infinite family of binary LCD codes and two infinite families of binary self-orthogonal codes. Moreover, we explicitly determine the weight distributions of these codes. We obtain binary LCD codes which have minimum weights two or three, and we also find some self-orthogonal codes meeting the Griesmer bound. As examples, we also present some (almost) {\it optimal} binary self-orthogon…
In an $[n,k,d]$ linear code, a code symbol is said to have locality $r$ if it can be repaired by accessing at most $r$ other code symbols. For an $(n,k,r)$ \emph{locally repairable code} (LRC), the minimum distance satisfies the well-known Singleton-like bound $d\le n-k-\lceil k/r\rceil +2$. In this paper, we study optimal ternary LRCs meeting this Singleton-like bound by employing a parity-check matrix approach. It is proved that there are only $8$ classes of possible parameters with which optimal ternary LRCs exist. Moreover, we obtain explicit constructions of optimal ternary LRCs for all t…
In this paper, we clarify some aspects on LCD codes in the literature. We first prove that a non-free LCD code does not exist over finite commutative Frobenius local rings. We then obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of LCD code over finite commutative Frobenius rings. We later show that a free constacyclic code over finite chain ring is LCD if and only if it is reversible, and also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a constacyclic code to be reversible over finite chain rings. We illustrate the minimum Lee-distance of LCD codes over some finite commutat…
Linear complementary dual (LCD) cyclic codes were referred historically to as reversible cyclic codes, which had applications in data storage. Due to a newly discovered application in cryptography, there has been renewed interest in LCD codes. In particular, it has been shown that binary LCD codes play an important role in implementations against side-channel attacks and fault injection attacks. In this paper, we first present a new characterization of binary LCD codes in terms of their symplectic basis. Using such a characterization,we solve a conjecture proposed by Galvez et al. on the minim…
This paper is concerned with the affine-invariant ternary codes which are defined by Hermitian functions. We compute the incidence matrices of 2-designs that are supported by the minimum weight codewords of these ternary codes. The linear codes generated by the rows of these incidence matrix are subcodes of the extended codes of the 4-th order generalized Reed-Muller codes and they also hold 2-designs. Finally, we give the dimensions and lower bound of the minimum weights of these linear codes.
A binary linear code is called {\em LCD} if it intersects its dual trivially. We show that the coefficients of the joint weight enumerator of such a code with its dual satisfy linear constraints, leading to a new linear programming bound on the size of an LCD code of given length and minimum distance. In addition, we show that this polynomial is, in general, an invariant of a matrix group of dimension $4$ and order $12$. Also, we sketch a Gleason formula for this weight enumerator.
In this paper, we give a method for constructing linear codes with small hulls by generalizing the method in \cite{LCD-T-matric}. As a result, we obtain many optimal Euclidean LCD codes and Hermitian LCD codes, which improve the previously known lower bound on the largest minimum distance. We also obtain many optimal codes with one-dimension hull. Furthermore, we give three tables about formally self-dual LCD codes.
We show that any ternary Euclidean (resp.\ quaternary Hermitian) linear complementary dual $[n,k]$ code contains a Euclidean (resp.\ Hermitian) linear complementary dual $[n,k-1]$ subcode for $2 \le k \le n$. As a consequence, we derive a bound on the largest minimum weights among ternary Euclidean linear complementary dual codes and quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes.
We establish a complete classification of binary group codes with complementary duals for a finite group and explicitly determine the number of linear complementary dual (LCD) cyclic group codes by using cyclotomic cosets. The dimension and the minimum distance for LCD group codes are explored. Finally, we find a connection between LCD MDS group codes and maximal ideals.
The $\ell$-Galois hull $h_{\ell}(C)$ of an $[n,k]$ linear code $C$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ is the intersection of $C$ and $C^{{\bot}_{\ell}}$, where $C^{\bot_{\ell}}$ denotes the $\ell$-Galois dual of $C$ which introduced by Fan and Zhang (2017). The $\ell$- Galois LCD code is a linear code $C$ with $h_{\ell}(C) = 0$. In this paper, we show that the dimension of the $\ell$-Galois hull of a linear code is invariant under permutation equivalence and we provide a method to calculate the dimension of the $\ell$-Galois hull by the generator matrix of the code. Moreover, we obtain that th…
In this paper we investigate linear codes with complementary dual (LCD) codes and formally self-dual codes over the ring $R=\F_{q}+v\F_{q}+v^{2}\F_{q}$, where $v^{3}=v$, for $q$ odd. We give conditions on the existence of LCD codes and present construction of formally self-dual codes over $R$. Further, we give bounds on the minimum distance of LCD codes over $\F_q$ and extend these to codes over $R$.
Motivated by applications in combinatorial design theory and constructing LCD codes, C. Ding et al \cite{DLX} introduced cyclic codes $\mho(q,m,h)$ and $\bar\mho(q,m,h)$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$ as new generalization and version of the punctured binary Reed-Muller codes. In this paper, we show several new results on minimum distance of $\mho(q,m,h)$ and $\bar\mho(q,m,h)$ which are generalization or improvement of previous results given in \cite{DLX}.
The hull of a linear code over finite fields is the intersection of the code and its dual, which was introduced by Assmus and Key. In this paper, we develop a method to construct linear codes with trivial hull ( LCD codes) and one-dimensional hull by employing the positive characteristic analogues of Gauss sums. These codes are quasi-abelian, and sometimes doubly circulant. Some sufficient conditions for a linear code to be an LCD code (resp. a linear code with one-dimensional hull) are presented. It is worth mentioning that we present a lower bound on the minimum distances of the constructed …
Generalized quasi-cyclic (GQC) codes form a natural generalization of quasi-cyclic (QC) codes. They are viewed here as mixed alphabet codes over a family of ring alphabets. Decomposing these rings into local rings by the Chinese Remainder Theorem yields a decomposition of GQC codes into a sum of concatenated codes. This decomposition leads to a trace formula, a minimum distance bound, and to a criteria for the GQC code to be self-dual or to be linear complementary dual (LCD). Explicit long GQC codes that are LCD, but not QC, are exhibited.
Ternary channels can be used to model the behavior of some memory devices, where information is stored in three different levels. In this paper, error correcting coding for a ternary channel where some of the error transitions are not allowed, is considered. The resulting channel is non-symmetric, therefore classical linear codes are not optimal for this channel. We define the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding rule for ternary codes over this channel and show that it is complex to compute, since it depends on the channel error probability. A simpler alternative decoding rule which depends only …
