We propose solutions of the quantum Q-systems of types $B_N,C_N,D_N$ in terms of $q$-difference operators, generalizing our previous construction for the Q-system of type $A$. The difference operators are interpreted as $q$-Whittaker limits of discrete time evolutions of Macdonald-van Diejen type operators. We conjecture that these new operators act as raising and lowering operators for $q$-Whittaker functions, which are special cases of graded characters of fusion products of KR-modules.
This note summarizes certain properties common to Macdonald, Koornwinder and Arthamonov-Shakirov $q$-difference operators, relating to the duality or bi-spectrality properties of their eigenfunctions. This results in Pieri operators which, in the $q$-Whittaker limit, are relativistic difference Toda type Hamiltonians which have a related quantum cluster algebra structure known as the quantum Q-system. The genus-2 result explained here is new.
We introduce difference operators on the space of symmetric functions which are a natural generalization of the $(q,t)$-Macdonald operators. In the $t\to\infty$ limit, they satisfy the $A_{N-1}$ quantum $Q$-system. We identify the elements in the spherical $A_{N-1}$ DAHA which are represented by these operators, as well as within the quantum toroidal algebra of $gl_1$ and the elliptic Hall algebra. We present a plethystic, or bosonic, formulation of the generating functions for the generalized Macdonald operators, which we relate to recent work of Bergeron et al. Finally we derive constant ter…
We find new universal factorization identities for generalized Macdonald polynomials on the topological locus. We prove the identities (which include all previously known forumlas of this kind) using factorization identities for matrix model averages, which are themselves consequences of Ding-Iohara-Miki constraints. Factorized expressions for generalized Macdonald polynomials are identified with refined topological string amplitudes containing a toric brane on an intermediate preferred leg, surface operators in gauge theory and certain degenerate CFT vertex operators.
We study the interpolation Macdonald functions, remarkable inhomogeneous generalizations of Macdonald functions, and a sequence $A^1, A^2, \ldots$ of commuting operators that are diagonalized by them. Such a sequence of operators arises in the projective limit of finite families of commuting q-difference operators studied by Okounkov, Knop and Sahi. The main theorem is an explicit formula for the operators $A^k$. Our formula involves the family of Hall-Littlewood functions and a new family of inhomogeneous Hall-Littlewood functions, for which we give an explicit construction and identify as a …
For Classical compact Lie groups, we use Macdonald's formula \cite{Ma} and Ricci curvature for analyzing a "concentration locus", which is a tool to detect where a sequence of metric, Borel measurable spaces concentrates its measure.
We study the correlation functions of the Pfaffian Schur process. Borodin and Rains [J. Stat. Phys. 121 (2005), 291-317] introduced the Pfaffian Schur process and derived its correlation functions using a Pfaffian analogue of the Eynard-Mehta theorem. We present here an alternative derivation of the correlation functions using Macdonald difference operators.
We demonstrate in some detail how Macdonald polynomials emerge from the recently introduced 3-Schur functions when the plane-partition vector time-variables are projected onto the ordinary scalar times under non-vanishing angles, which depend on $q$ and $t$. We also explain how the cut-and-join operators smoothly interpolate between different cases. Most of consideration is restricted to level two.
Kajihara obtained in 2004 a remarkable transformation formula connecting multiple basic hypergeometric series associated with $A$-type root systems of different ranks. By multiple principle specialisations of his formula, we deduce kernel identities for deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars (MR) and Noumi-Sano (NS) operators. The deformed MR operators were introduced by Sergeev and Veselov in the first order case and by Feigin and Silantyev in the higher order cases. As applications of our kernel identities, we prove that all of these operators pairwise commute and are simultaneously diagonalised by …
We consider the polynomial representation of Double Affine Hecke Algebras (DAHAs) and construct its submodules as ideals of functions vanishing on the special collections of affine planes. This generalizes certain results of Kasatani in types A_n, (C_n^\vee,C_n). We obtain commutative algebras of difference operators given by the action of invariant combinations of Cherednik-Dunkl operators in the corresponding quotient modules of the polynomial representation. This gives known and new generalized Macdonald-Ruijsenaars systems. Thus in the cases of DAHAs of types A_n and (C_n^\vee,C_n) we deri…
We propose periodic Macdonald processes as a $(q,t)$-deformation of periodic Schur processes and a periodic analogue of Macdonald processes. It is known that, in the theory of stochastic processes related to a family of symmetric functions, the Cauchy-like identity gives an explicit expression of a partition function. We compute the partition functions of periodic Macdonald processes relying on the free field realization of the Macdonald theory. We also study several families of observables for periodic Macdonald processes and give formulas of their moments. The technical tool is the free fiel…
A generalization of the Macdonald polynomials depending upon both commuting and anticommuting variables has been introduced recently. The construction relies on certain orthogonality and triangularity relations. Although many superpolynomials were constructed as solutions of highly over-determined system, the existence issue was left open. This is resolved here: we demonstrate that the underlying construction has a (unique) solution. The proof uses, as a starting point, the definition of the Macdonald superpolynomials in terms of the Macdonald non-symmetric polynomials via a non-standard (anti…
An explicit formula is obtained for the generalized Macdonald functions on the $N$-fold Fock tensor spaces, calculating a certain matrix element of a composition of several screened vertex operators. As an application, we prove the factorization property of the arbitrary matrix elements of the multi-valent intertwining operator (or refined topological vertex operator) associated with the Ding--Iohara--Miki algebra (DIM algebra) with respect to the generalized Macdonald functions, which was conjectured by Awata, Feigin, Hoshino, Kanai, Yanagida and one of the authors. Our proof is based on the …
We are developing the algebraic construction for form factors of local operators in the sinh-Gordon theory proposed in [B.Feigin, M.Lashkeivch, 2008]. We show that the operators corresponding to the null vectors in this construction are given by the degenerate Macdonald polynomials with rectangular partitions and the parameters $t=-q$ on the unit circle. We obtain an integral representation for the null vectors and discuss its simple applications.
We propose and prove a set of identities for ${\rm GL}_M$ elliptic $R$-matrix (in the fundamental representation). In the scalar case ($M=1$) these are elliptic function identities derived by S.N.M. Ruijsenaars as necessary and sufficient conditions for his kernel identity underlying construction of integral solutions to quantum spinless Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. In this respect the result of the present paper can be considered as the first step towards constructing solutions of quantum eigenvalue problem for the anisotropic spin Ruijsenaars model.
We derive a matrix product formula for symmetric Macdonald polynomials. Our results are obtained by constructing polynomial solutions of deformed Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equations, which arise by considering representations of the Zamolodchikov--Faddeev and Yang--Baxter algebras in terms of $t$-deformed bosonic operators. These solutions form a basis of the ring of polynomials in $n$ variables, whose elements are indexed by compositions. For weakly increasing compositions (anti-dominant weights), these basis elements coincide with non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials. Our formulas imply a natur…
We consider discretisations of the Macdonald--Mehta integrals from the theory of finite reflection groups. For the classical groups, $\mathrm{A}_{r-1}$, $\mathrm{B}_r$ and $\mathrm{D}_r$, we provide closed-form evaluations in those cases for which the Weyl denominators featuring in the summands have exponents $1$ and $2$. Our proofs for the exponent-$1$ cases rely on identities for classical group characters, while most of the formulas for the exponent-$2$ cases are derived from a transformation formula for elliptic hypergeometric series for the root system $\mathrm{BC}_r$. As a byproduct of o…
By means of a truncation condition on the parameters, the elliptic Ruijsenaars difference operators are restricted onto a finite lattice of points encoded by bounded partitions. A corresponding orthogonal basis of joint eigenfunctions is constructed in terms of polynomials on the joint spectrum. In the trigonometric limit, this recovers the diagonalization of the truncated Macdonald difference operators by a finite-dimensional basis of Macdonald polynomials.
We continue the study of form factors of descendant operators in the sinh- and sine-Gordon models in the framework of the algebraic construction proposed in [arXiv:0812.4776]. We find the algebraic construction to be related to a particular limit of the tensor product of the deformed Virasoro algebra and a suitably chosen Heisenberg algebra. To analyze the space of local operators in the framework of the form factor formalism we introduce screening operators and construct singular and cosingular vectors in the Fock spaces related to the free field realization of the obtained algebra. We show t…
Shifted quantum toroidal algebra of type $\mathfrak{gl}_{1|1}$ and the Pieri rule of the super Macdonald polynomials
Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University（名古屋大学大学院数学研究科）；Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University（京都大学数理解析研究所）；Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Tokyo（东京大学大学院数理科学研究科）
We analyze the Schrödinger operator in two-dimensions with an attractive potential given by a Bessel-Macdonald function. This operator is derived in the non-relativistic approximation of planar quantum electrodynamics (${\rm QED}_3$) models as a framework for evaluation of two-quasiparticle scattering potentials. The analysis is motivated keeping in mind the fact that parity-preserving ${\rm QED}_3$ models can provide a possible explanation for the behavior of superconductors. Initially, we study the self-adjointness and spectral properties of the Schrödinger operator modeling the non-relativi…
We establish orthogonality relations for the Baker-Akhiezer (BA) eigenfunctions of the Macdonald difference operators. We also obtain a version of Cherednik-Macdonald-Mehta integral for these functions. As a corollary, we give a simple derivation of the norm identity and Cherednik-Macdonald-Mehta integral for Macdonald polynomials. In the appendix written by the first author, we prove a summation formula for BA functions. We also consider more general identities of Cherednik type, which we use to introduce and construct more general, twisted BA functions. This leads to a construction of new qu…
We consider the problem of the R-matrix of the quantum toroidal algebra $U_{q,t}(\ddot{\mathfrak{gl}}_1)$ in the Fock representation. Using the connection between the R-matrix $R(u)$ ($u$ being the spectral parameter) and the theory of Macdonald operators we obtain explicit formulas for $R(u)$ in the operator and matrix forms. These formulas are expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of a certain Macdonald operator which completely describe the functional dependence of $R(u)$ on the spectral parameter $u$. We then consider the geometric R-matrix (obtained from the theory of K-theoretic stable b…
We study the $q$-analogue of the Haldane-Shastry model, a partially isotropic (XXZ-like) long-range spin chain that enjoys quantum-affine (really: quantum-loop) symmetries at finite size. We derive the pairwise form of the Hamiltonian, found by one of us building on work of Uglov, via 'freezing' from the affine Hecke algebra. We obtain explicit expressions for the spin-analogue of Macdonald operators. Through freezing these yield the higher Hamiltonians of the spin chain, including a Hamiltonian of the opposite chirality. The sum of the two chiral Hamiltonians has a real spectrum also for $q$ …
We construct the non-stationary Ruijsenaars functions (affine analogue of the Macdonald functions) in the special case $κ=t^{-1/N}$, using the intertwining operators of the Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra (DIM algebra) associated with $N$-fold Fock tensor spaces. By the $S$-duality of the intertwiners, another expression is obtained for the non-stationary Ruijsenaars functions with $κ=t^{-1/N}$, which can be regarded as a natural elliptic lift of the asymptotic Macdonald functions to the multivariate elliptic hypergeometric series. We also investigate some properties of the vertex operator of the DIM…
We demonstrate how a known Whittaker function integral identity arises from the $t=0$ and $q\to 1$ limit of the Macdonald polynomial eigenrelation satisfied by Noumi's $q$-integral operator.
We derive the analog of the large $N$ Gross-Taylor holomorphic string expansion for the refinement of $q$-deformed $U(N)$ Yang-Mills theory on a compact oriented Riemann surface. The derivation combines Schur-Weyl duality for quantum groups with the Etingof-Kirillov theory of generalized quantum characters which are related to Macdonald polynomials. In the unrefined limit we reproduce the chiral expansion of $q$-deformed Yang-Mills theory derived by de Haro, Ramgoolam and Torrielli. In the classical limit $q=1$, the expansion defines a new $β$-deformation of Hurwitz theory wherein the refined …
Rosengren and Schlosser introduced notions of ${\it R}_N$-theta functions for the seven types of irreducible reduced affine root systems, ${\it R}_N={\it A}_{N-1}$, ${\it B}_{N}$, ${\it B}^{\vee}_N$, ${\it C}_{N}$, ${\it C}^{\vee}_N$, ${\it BC}_{N}$, ${\it D}_{N}$, $N \in \mathbb{N}$, and gave the Macdonald denominator formulas. We prove that, if the variables of the ${\it R}_N$-theta functions are properly scaled with $N$, they construct seven sets of biorthogonal functions, each of which has a continuous parameter $t \in (0, t_{\ast})$ with given $0< t_{\ast} < \infty$. Following the standar…
