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arXiv 1906.01650hep-th
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软算子的共形性质-- 2:零态的使用

Conformal properties of soft operators -- 2 : Use of null-states

Shamik Banerjee, Pranjal Pandey

摘要:

用软算子作为最高权向量的(Lorentz)共形群的表示具有两个普适性质,我们在本文中清楚地说明了这两个性质。给定一个具有一定维数和自旋的软算子,第一个性质是关于作用在软算子上的“(大)规范变换”的存在性。第二个性质是从$S$ -矩阵元素中解耦软算子的(大)规范不变零态。在每种情况下,解耦方程的形式为零场强条件与软算子的(规范)势。零态解耦有效地减少了软粒子的偏振态的数量,并且在从渐近对称性的沃德恒等式导出软定理中是至关重要的。据我们所知,这些性质与$S$ -矩阵的洛伦兹不变性或渐近对称性的存在性没有直接关系。我们还验证了从零态解耦得到的结果是一致的领导和subleading软定理与有限能量的有质量和无质量的粒子在外部腿。

英文摘要:

Representations of the (Lorentz) conformal group with the soft operators as highest weight vectors have two universal properties, which we clearly state in this paper. Given a soft operator with a certain dimension and spin, the first property is about the existence of "(large) gauge transformation" that acts on the soft operator. The second property is the decoupling of (large) gauge-invariant null-states of the soft operators from the $S$-matrix elements. In each case, the decoupling equation has the form of zero field-strength condition with the soft operator as the (gauge) potential. Null-state decoupling effectively reduces the number of polarisation states of the soft particle and is crucial in deriving soft-theorems from the Ward identities of asymptotic symmetries. To the best of our understanding, these properties are not directly related to the Lorentz invariance of the $S$-matrix or the existence of asymptotic symmetries. We also verify that the results obtained from the decoupling of null-states are consistent with the leading and subleading soft-theorems with finite energy massive and massless particles in the external legs.

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