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arXiv 1904.04039astro-ph.SR
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初始质量约为1 Msun的S型星中第三次疏浚发生的观测证据

Observational evidence of third dredge-up occurrence in S-type stars with initial masses around 1 Msun

Shreeya Shetye, Stephane Goriely, Lionel Siess, Sophie Van Eck, Alain Jorissen, Hans Van Winckel

摘要:

背景-S星是晚型巨星,除了M星典型的TiO带外,光谱还显示出ZrO的特征分子带。它们的过剩模式显示了s-过程核合成的特征。内禀富锝S星是渐近巨星分支(AGB)上第一个经历第三次挖掘(TDU)事件的天体。盖亚精致的望远镜现在可以在赫兹-罗素(HR)图中精确定位这些恒星。在这里,我们报告的人口低质量,富TC的S星,以前未占的恒星演化模型。目的-我们的目标是获得一个样本的低质量的TC-丰富的S星的参数,然后,通过比较它们的位置在HR图与恒星演化轨道,推导出它们的质量和比较它们的测量S-过程丰度配置文件与最近派生的STAREVOL核合成预测低质量AGB星。方法-使用HERMES高分辨率光谱,准确的盖亚数据发布2(Gaia-DR2)的视差,恒星演化模型和新设计的MARCS模型的S型恒星大气的组合获得恒星参数。结果-我们报告6富Tc的S星躺在接近1 Msun(初始质量)轨道的AGB星相应的金属丰度和以上的预测发病的TDU,如预期的。这为TDU发生在初始质量低至~1 Msun的AGB星和低光度(即在热脉冲AGB开始时)提供了直接证据。我们提出了在[Fe/H]在-0.25到-0.5范围内的恒星中产生TDU的AGB模型。有一个合理的协议之间的测量和预测的s-过程的丰度配置文件。然而,对于2个天体(CD-29 5912和BD +34 1698),预测的C/O比和s-过程增强不同时匹配的测量。

英文摘要:

Context- S stars are late-type giants with spectra showing characteristic molecular bands of ZrO in addition to the TiO bands typical of M stars. Their overabundance pattern shows the signature of s-process nucleosynthesis. Intrinsic, technetium (Tc)-rich S stars are the first objects, on the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), to undergo third dredge-up (TDU) events. Gaia exquisite parallaxes now allow to precisely locate these stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Here we report on a population of low-mass, Tc-rich S stars, previously unaccounted for by stellar evolution models. Aims- Our aim is to derive parameters of a sample of low-mass Tc-rich S stars and then, by comparing their location in the HR diagram with stellar evolution tracks, to derive their masses and to compare their measured s-process abundance profiles with recently derived STAREVOL nucleosynthetic predictions for low-mass AGB stars. Methods- The stellar parameters were obtained using a combination of HERMES high-resolution spectra, accurate Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia-DR2) parallaxes, stellar-evolution models and newly-designed MARCS model atmospheres for S-type stars. Results- We report on 6 Tc-rich S stars lying close to the 1 Msun (initial mass) tracks of AGB stars of the corresponding metallicity and above the predicted onset of TDU, as expected. This provides direct evidence for TDUs occurring in AGB stars with initial masses as low as ~ 1 Msun and at low luminosity, i.e. at the start of the thermally-pulsing AGB. We present AGB models producing TDU in those stars with [Fe/H] in the range -0.25 to -0.5. There is a reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted s-process abundance profiles. For 2 objects however (CD -29 5912 and BD +34 1698), the predicted C/O ratio and s-process enhancements do not match simultaneously the measured ones.

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