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arXiv 1208.4377astro-ph.SR
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退休的A星:恒星演化对次巨星质量估计的影响

Retired A Stars: The Effect of Stellar Evolution on the Mass Estimates of Subgiants

John Asher Johnson, Timothy D. Morton, Jason T. Wright

摘要:

多普勒巡天显示,质量为1000亿颗的行星出现的频率似乎随着恒星质量的增加而增加。然而,这一结果取决于精确测量演化恒星质量的能力。最近,Lloyd(2011)对多普勒巡天观测中的亚巨星质量提出了质疑。劳埃德认为,很少有可观测到的次巨星的质量大于1.5 Msun,而且大多数次巨星的质量在1.0-1.2 Msun之间。为了研究这一说法,我们使用银河系的恒星星族模型来产生一个全天的恒星分布。我们把使大质量次巨星数量减少的影响,如初始质量函数和恒星演化时间尺度的差异。我们发现,这些影响导致恒星质量估计的系统误差可以忽略不计,与劳埃德预测的大约50%的误差。此外,我们模拟的目标样本实际上包括了相当一部分质量大于1.5 Msun的恒星,主要是因为包含了一个视星等限制导致了一个类似于Malmquist的偏向更大质量的恒星,与劳埃德的体积有限模拟相反。星等的限制,我们的模拟分布的平均值向更高的质量,并导致在一个相对较少的演化恒星的质量范围在1.0-1.2 Msun。我们的结论是,在我们今天的背景下了解恒星的结构和演化,许多次巨星观测多普勒调查确实是作为主序星A的质量。

英文摘要:

Doppler surveys have shown that the occurrence rate of Jupiter-mass planets appears to increase as a function of stellar mass. However, this result depends on the ability to accurately measure the masses of evolved stars. Recently, Lloyd (2011) called into question the masses of subgiant stars targeted by Doppler surveys. Lloyd argues that very few observable subgiants have masses greater than 1.5 Msun, and that most of them have masses in the range 1.0-1.2 Msun. To investigate this claim, we use Galactic stellar population models to generate an all-sky distribution of stars. We incorporate the effects that make massive subgiants less numerous, such as the initial mass function and differences in stellar evolution timescales. We find that these effects lead to negligibly small systematic errors in stellar mass estimates, in contrast to the roughly 50% errors predicted by Lloyd. Additionally, our simulated target sample does in fact include a significant fraction of stars with masses greater than 1.5 Msun, primarily because the inclusion of an apparent magnitude limit results in a Malmquist-like bias toward more massive stars, in contrast to the volume-limited simulations of Lloyd. The magnitude limit shifts the mean of our simulated distribution toward higher masses and results in a relatively smaller number of evolved stars with masses in the range 1.0-1.2 Msun. We conclude that, within the context of our present-day understanding of stellar structure and evolution, many of the subgiants observed in Doppler surveys are indeed as massive as main-sequence A stars.

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