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arXiv 1005.3084astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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恒星质量-金属丰度平面中的巨行星

Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane

John Asher Johnson, Kimberly M. Aller, Andrew W. Howard, Justin R. Crepp

摘要:

恒星性质与系外行星出现率之间的相关性可用于为未来行星搜索工作的目标选择提供信息,并为行星形成过程提供有价值的线索。我们分析了1194颗恒星的样本从加州行星调查的目标,以确定经验的函数形式描述的可能性恒星窝藏一个巨大的行星作为其质量和金属丰度的函数。我们的恒星样本范围从质量低至0.2 Msun的M矮星到质量高达1.9 Msun的中等质量次巨星。与先前的研究一致,我们的样本在所有恒星质量下都表现出行星-金属丰度相关性;拥有巨行星的恒星比例为f \propto 10^{1.2 [Fe/H]}。我们可以排除演化恒星之间的平坦金属丰度关系(98%的置信度),这表明具有行星的恒星的高金属丰度不太可能是由于对流包层的污染。“我们的数据还排除了[Fe/H]< 0的恒定行星发生率,这表明巨行星在亚太阳金属丰度下继续变得更加罕见。我们还发现,行星的出现增加与恒星质量(f \propto Mstar),其特征是从3.5%左右的M矮星(0.5 Msun)到14%左右的A星(2 Msun),在太阳的金属丰度。我们认为,恒星性质和巨行星发生之间的相关性是行星形成的核心吸积模型的有力支持证据。

英文摘要:

Correlations between stellar properties and the occurrence rate of exoplanets can be used to inform the target selection of future planet search efforts and provide valuable clues about the planet formation process. We analyze a sample of 1194 stars drawn from the California Planet Survey targets to determine the empirical functional form describing the likelihood of a star harboring a giant planet as a function of its mass and metallicity. Our stellar sample ranges from M dwarfs with masses as low as 0.2 Msun to intermediate-mass subgiants with masses as high as 1.9 Msun. In agreement with previous studies, our sample exhibits a planet-metallicity correlation at all stellar masses; the fraction of stars that harbor giant planets scales as f \propto 10^{1.2 [Fe/H]}. We can rule out a flat metallicity relationship among our evolved stars (at 98% confidence), which argues that the high metallicities of stars with planets are not likely due to convective envelope "pollution." Our data also rule out a constant planet occurrence rate for [Fe/H]< 0, indicating that giant planets continue to become rarer at sub-Solar metallicities. We also find that planet occurrence increases with stellar mass (f \propto Mstar), characterized by a rise from 3.5% around M dwarfs (0.5 Msun) to 14% around A stars (2 Msun), at Solar metallicity. We argue that the correlation between stellar properties and giant planet occurrence is strong supporting evidence of the core accretion model of planet formation.

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