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arXiv 0912.4665astro-ph.SR
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脉动亚矮星B星及其祖先的引力沉降

Gravitational settling in pulsating subdwarf B stars and their progenitors

Haili Hu, E. Glebbeek, A. A. Thoul, M. -A. Dupret, R. J. Stancliffe, G. Nelemans, C. Aerts

摘要:

在恒星演化的静止阶段,原子的扩散是很重要的。特别是在亚矮星B星的非常薄的惰性包层中,扩散运动将在短时间尺度上显著改变包层结构和表面丰度。此外,次矮星将继承其直接祖先的扩散效应,即红巨星分支尖端附近的巨星。这将影响亚矮星B的整体演化和脉动性质。研究了引力沉降、热扩散和浓度扩散对亚矮星B演化和脉动的影响。我们的扩散恒星模型进行了比较,没有扩散的模型。我们从1和3兆太阳ZAMS祖先构建了质量为0.465兆太阳的亚矮星B模型。低质量恒星在高能闪光中点燃了氦,而中等质量恒星则温和地开始了氦聚变。对于每一种祖细胞类型,我们计算了一系列的原子扩散和不扩散。红巨星中的原子扩散导致氦点火开始时的氦核心质量更大。我们发现,增加0.0015 Msun为1 Msun模型和0.0036 Msun为3 Msun模型。第一次疏浚后,对红巨星表面丰度的影响很小。由于氢的向外扩散,扩散型亚矮星B模型的演化轨迹向低表面重力和低有效温度方向移动。这既影响激发模式的频率又影响整个频谱。特别是后非简并sdB星的结构和脉动发生了巨大的变化,证明了在这些恒星中原子扩散是不可忽略的。

英文摘要:

Diffusion of atoms can be important during quiescent phases of stellar evolution. Particularly in the very thin inert envelopes of subdwarf B stars, diffusive movements will considerably change the envelope structure and the surface abundances on a short timescale. Also, the subdwarfs will inherit the effects of diffusion in their direct progenitors, namely giants near the tip of the red giant branch. This will influence the global evolution and the pulsational properties of subdwarf B stars. We investigate the impact of gravitational settling, thermal diffusion and concentration diffusion on the evolution and pulsations of subdwarf B stars. Our diffusive stellar models are compared with models evolved without diffusion. We constructed subdwarf B models with a mass of 0.465 Msun from a 1 and 3 Msun ZAMS progenitor. The low mass star ignited helium in an energetic flash, while the intermediate mass star started helium fusion gently. For each progenitor type we computed series with and without atomic diffusion. Atomic diffusion in red giants causes the helium core mass at the onset of helium ignition to be larger. We find an increase of 0.0015 Msun for the 1 Msun model and 0.0036 Msun for the 3 Msun model. The effects on the red giant surface abundances are small after the first dredge up. The evolutionary tracks of the diffusive subdwarf B models are shifted to lower surface gravities and effective temperatures due to outward diffusion of hydrogen. This affects both the frequencies of the excited modes and the overall frequency spectrum. Especially the structure and pulsations of the post-non-degenerate sdB star are drastically altered, proving that atomic diffusion cannot be ignored in these stars.

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