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arXiv 1902.01013math-phmath.MP
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数学物理的特殊函数:统一的拉格朗日形式

Special Functions of Mathematical Physics: A Unified Lagrangian Formalism

Zdzislaw Musielak, Niyousha Davachi, Marialis Rosario-Franco

摘要:

建立了以特殊数学物理函数为解的微分方程的拉格朗日形式。形式主义是基于标准或非标准拉格朗日。这项工作表明,标准拉格朗日推导程序导致拉格朗日欧拉-拉格朗日方程消失相同,只有一些这些拉格朗日成为零拉格朗日与良好定义的规范函数。本文还证明了非标准拉格朗日量要求用辅助条件修正欧拉-拉格朗日方程,这是变分法中的一个新现象。辅助条件的存在性对Helmholtz条件的有效性有着深刻的影响。所得到的结果被用来推导的爱里,贝塞尔,勒让德和厄米方程的拉格朗日。给出的例子清楚地表明,发达的拉格朗日形式主义是适用于所有考虑的微分方程,包括艾里(和其他类似的)方程,并定期和修改贝塞尔方程是唯一的规范功能。讨论了这些方程的规范函数存在的可能意义。

英文摘要:

Lagrangian formalism is established for differential equations with special functions of mathematical physics as solutions. Formalism is based on either standard or non-standard Lagrangians. This work shows that the procedure of deriving the standard Lagrangians leads to Lagrangians for which the Euler--Lagrange equation vanishes identically, and that only some of these Lagrangians become the null Lagrangians with the well-defined gauge functions. It is also demonstrated that the non-standard Lagrangians require that the Euler--Lagrange equations are amended by the auxiliary conditions, which is a new phenomenon in the calculus of variations. The~existence of the auxiliary conditions has profound implications on the validity of the Helmholtz conditions. The obtained results are used to derive the Lagrangians for the Airy, Bessel, Legendre and Hermite equations. The presented examples clearly demonstrate that the developed Lagrangian formalism is applicable to all considered differential equations, including the Airy (and other similar) equations, and that the regular and modified Bessel equations are the only ones with the gauge functions. Possible implications of the existence of the gauge functions for these equations are~discussed.

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