We consider $\mathfrak{gl}_2$-invariant quantum integrable models solvable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz. We show that the form of on-shell Bethe vectors is preserved under certain twist transformations of the monodromy matrix. We also derive the actions of the twisted monodromy matrix entries onto twisted off-shell Bethe vectors.
Supersymmetric composite generalized quantum integrable models solvable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz are studied. Using a coproduct in the bialgebra of monodromy matrix elements and their action on Bethe vectors, formulas for Bethe vectors in the composite models with supersymmetry based on the super-Yangians $Y[\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)]$ and $Y[\mathfrak{gl}(1|2)]$ are derived.
Multiple actions of the monodromy matrix elements onto off-shell Bethe vectors in the $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$-invariant quantum integrable models are calculated. These actions are used to describe recursions for the highest coefficients in the sum formula for the scalar product. For simplicity, detailed proofs are given for the $\mathfrak{gl}(m)$ case. The results for the supersymmetric case can be obtained similarly and are formulated without proofs.
We study Bethe vectors of integrable models based on the super-Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$. Starting from the super-trace formula, we exhibit recursion relations for these vectors in the case of $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(2|1))$ and $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(1|2))$. These recursion relations allow to get explicit expressions for the Bethe vectors. Using an antimorphism of the super-Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$, we also construct a super-trace formula for dual Bethe vectors, and, for $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(2|1))$ and $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(1|2))$ super-Yangians, show recursion relations for them. Again, the latter all…
We consider quantum integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $\mathfrak{gl}_3$-invariant $R$-matrix. We study a new recently proposed approach to construct on-shell Bethe vectors of these models. We prove that the vectors constructed by this method are semi-on-shell Bethe vectors for arbitrary values of Bethe parameters. They thus do become on-shell vectors provided the system of Bethe equations is fulfilled.
We study integrable models with $\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ symmetry and solvable by nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. We obtain a determinant representation for scalar products of Bethe vectors, when the Bethe parameters obey some relations weaker than the Bethe equations. This representation allows us to find the norms of on-shell Bethe vectors and obtain determinant formulas for form factors of the diagonal entries of the monodromy matrix.
We study the linear problem associated with modified affine Toda field equation for the Langlands dual $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}^\vee$, where $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ is an untwisted affine Lie algebra. The connection coefficients for the asymptotic solutions of the linear problem are found to correspond to the $Q$-functions for $\mathfrak{g}$-type quantum integrable models. The $ψ$-system for the solutions associated with the fundamental representations of $\mathfrak{g}$ leads to Bethe ansatz equations associated with the affine Lie algebra $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$. We also study the $A^{(2)}_{2r}$ affine …
A class of $\mathfrak{o}_{2n+1}$-invariant quantum integrable models is investigated in the framework of algebraic Bethe ansatz method. A construction of the $\mathfrak{o}_{2n+1}$-invariant Bethe vector is proposed in terms of the Drinfeld currents for the double of Yangian $\mathcal{D}Y(\mathfrak{o}_{2n + 1})$. Action of the monodromy matrix entries onto off-shell Bethe vectors for these models is calculated. Recursion relations for these vectors were obtained. The action formulas can be used to investigate structure of the scalar products of Bethe vectors in $\mathfrak{o}_{2n+1}$-invariant m…
We study scalar products of Bethe vectors in integrable models solvable by nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ symmetry. Using explicit formulas of the monodromy matrix entries multiple actions onto Bethe vectors we obtain a representation for the scalar product in the most general case. This explicit representation appears to be a sum over partitions of the Bethe parameters. It can be used for the analysis of scalar products involving on-shell Bethe vectors. As a by-product, we obtain a determinant representation for the scalar products of generic Bethe vectors i…
We present a nested algebraic Bethe ansatz for a one dimensional open spin chain whose boundary quantum spaces are irreducible $\mathfrak{so}_{2n}$- or $\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}$-representations and the monodromy matrix satisfies the defining relations of the Olshanskii twisted Yangian $Y^\pm(\mathfrak{gl}_{2n})$. We use a generalization of the Bethe ansatz introduced by De Vega and Karowski which allows us to relate the spectral problem of a $\mathfrak{so}_{2n}$- or $\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}$-symmetric open spin chain to that of a $\mathfrak{gl}_{n}$-symmetric periodic spin chain. We explicitly derive th…
We consider quantum integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $\mathfrak{gl}(N)$-invariant $R$-matrix. We study two types of Bethe vectors. The first type corresponds to the original monodromy matrix. The second type is associated to a monodromy matrix closely related to the inverse of the monodromy matrix. We show that these two types of the Bethe vectors are identical up to normalization and reshuffling of the Bethe parameters. To prove this correspondence we use the current approach. This identity gives new combinatorial relations for the scalar products…
We study scalar products of Bethe vectors in the models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and described by $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$ superalgebra. Using coproduct properties of the Bethe vectors we obtain a sum formula for their scalar products. This formula describes the scalar product in terms of a sum over partitions of Bethe parameters. We also obtain recursions for the Bethe vectors. This allows us to find recursions for the highest coefficient of the scalar product.
We find Bethe vectors for quantum integrable models associated with the supersymmetric Yangians $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$ in terms of the current generators of the Yangian double $DY(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$. More specifically, we use the method of projections onto intersections of different type Borel subalgebras in this infinite dimensional algebra to construct the Bethe vectors. Calculating these projection the supersymmetric Bethe vectors can be expressed through matrix elements of the universal monodromy matrix elements. Using two different but isomorphic current realizations of the Yangian doub…
We consider quantum integrable models associated with $\mathfrak{so}_3$ algebra. We describe Bethe vectors of these models in terms of the current generators of the $\mathcal{D}Y(\mathfrak{so}_3)$ algebra. To implement this approach we use isomorphism between $R$-matrix and Drinfeld current realizations of the Yangians and their doubles for classical types $B$, $C$, and $D$ series algebras. Using these results we derive the actions of the monodromy matrix elements on off-shell Bethe vectors. We show that these action formulas lead to recursions for off-shell Bethe vectors and Bethe equations f…
We obtain recursion formulas for the Bethe vectors of models with periodic boundary conditions solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and based on the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_{n})$. We also present a sum formula for their scalar products. This formula describes the scalar product in terms of a sum over partitions of the Bethe parameters, whose factors are characterized by two highest coefficients. We provide different recursions for these highest coefficients. In addition, we show that when the Bethe vectors are on-shell, their norm takes the form of a Gaudin…
We study quantum integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$-invariant $R$-matrix. We compute the norm of the Hamiltonian eigenstates. Using the notion of a generalized model we show that the square of the norm obeys a number of properties that uniquely fix it. We also show that a Jacobian of the system of Bethe equations obeys the same properties. In this way we prove a generalized Gaudin hypothesis for the norm of the Hamiltonian eigenstates.
We study $\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ symmetric integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. Using explicit formulas for the Bethe vectors we derive the actions of the monodromy matrix entries onto these vectors. We show that the result of these actions is a finite linear combination of Bethe vectors. The obtained formulas open a way for studying scalar products of Bethe vectors.
We study solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations of the non-homogeneous periodic XXX model associated to super Yangian $\mathrm Y(\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n})$. To a solution we associate a rational difference operator $\mathcal D$ and a superspace of rational functions $W$. We show that the set of complete factorizations of $\mathcal D$ is in canonical bijection with the variety of superflags in $W$ and that each generic superflag defines a solution of the Bethe ansatz equation. We also give the analogous statements for the quasi-periodic supersymmetric spin chains.
II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg(汉堡大学第二理论物理研究所);Zentrum für Mathematische Physik, Universität Hamburg(汉堡大学数学物理中心);A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan Physics Institute(阿·伊·阿利哈尼扬国家科学实验室,叶里凡物理研究所);Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications(北京数学与交叉科学研究院)
We describe a reproduction procedure which, given a solution of the $\mathfrak{gl}_{M|N}$ Gaudin Bethe ansatz equation associated to a tensor product of polynomial modules, produces a family $P$ of other solutions called the population. To a population we associate a rational pseudodifferential operator $R$ and a superspace $W$ of rational functions. We show that if at least one module is typical then the population $P$ is canonically identified with the set of minimal factorizations of $R$ and with the space of full superflags in $W$. We conjecture that the singular eigenvectors (up to rescal…
We construct exact eigenvectors and eigenvalues for $U_q(\mathfrak{sp}_{2n})$- and $U_q(\mathfrak{so}_{2n})$-symmetric closed spin chains by means of a nested algebraic Bethe ansatz method. We use a fusion procedure to construct higher-dimensional Lax operators. Our approach generalises and extends the results obtained by Reshetikhin and De Vega-Karowski. We also present a generalisation of Tarasov-Varchenko trace formula for nested Bethe vectors.
We assess the ODE/IM correspondence for the quantum $\mathfrak{g}$-KdV model, for a non-simply laced Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. This is done by studying a meromorphic connection with values in the Langlands dual algebra of the affine Lie algebra ${\mathfrak{g}}^{(1)}$, and constructing the relevant $Ψ$-system among subdominant solutions. We then use the $Ψ$-system to prove that the generalized spectral determinants satisfy the Bethe Ansatz equations of the quantum $\mathfrak{g}$-KdV model. We also consider generalized Airy functions for twisted Kac--Moody algebras and we construct new explici…
We present a supermatrix realisation of q-deformed spinor-spinor and spinor-vector R-matrices. These R-matrices are then used to construct transfer matrices for $U_{q^2}(\mathfrak{so}_{2n+1})$- and $U_{q}(\mathfrak{so}_{2n+2})$-symmetric closed spin chains. Their eigenvectors and eigenvalues are computed.
We study the ODE/IM correspondence for ODE associated to $\hat{\mathfrak g}$-valued connections, for a simply-laced Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$. We prove that subdominant solutions to the ODE defined in different fundamental representations satisfy a set of quadratic equations called $Ψ$-system. This allows us to show that the generalized spectral determinants satisfy the Bethe Ansatz equations.
The Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{g})$ of a simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ can be regarded as a deformation of two different Hopf algebras: the universal enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{g}[t])$ and the coordinate ring of the first congruence subgroup $\mathcal{O}(G_1[[t^{-1}]])$. Both of these algebras are obtained from the Yangian by taking the associated graded with respect to an appropriate filtration on Yangian. Bethe subalgebras form a natural family of commutative subalgebras depending on a group element $C$ of the adjoint group $G$. The images of these algebras in tensor products of fundament…
We reformulate nested relations between off-shell $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$ Bethe vectors as a certain equation on generating series of strings of the composed $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$ currents. Using inversion of the generating series we find a new type of hierarchical relations between universal off-shell Bethe vectors, useful for a derivation of Bethe equation. As an example of application, we use these relations for a derivation of analytical Bethe ansatz equations [Arnaudon D. et al., Ann. Henri Poincaré 7 (2006), 1217-1268, math-ph/0512037] for the parameters of universal …
An integral presentation for the scalar products of nested Bethe vectors for the quantum integrable models associated with the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_3)$ is given. This result is obtained in the framework of the universal Bethe ansatz, using presentation of the universal Bethe vectors in terms of the total currents of a "new" realization of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_3)$.
In these notes we study integrable structures of conformal field theory with $\textrm{BCD}$ symmetry. We realise these integrable structures as affine Yangian $\mathfrak{gl}(1)$ "spin chains" with boundaries. We provide three solutions of Sklyanin $\textrm{KRKR}$ equation compatible with affine Yangian $R$-matrix and derive Bethe ansatz equations for the spectrum.
We give combinatorial formulae for vector-valued weight functions (off-shell nested Bethe vectors) for tensor products of irreducible evaluation modules over the Yangian $Y({\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$ and the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widetilde{\mathfrak{gl}_N})$. The results of the paper were obtained in 1998 and were used in math.QA/9905137, math.QA/0302148, math.QA/0610517.
In this paper we compare two constructions of weight functions (off-shell Bethe vectors) for the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$. The first construction comes from the algebraic nested Bethe ansatz. The second one is defined in terms of certain projections of products of Drinfeld currents. We show that two constructions give the same result in tensor products of vector representations of $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$.
We give a detailed description of the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. We consider integrable models with a $\mathfrak{gl}_3$-invariant $R$-matrix as the basic example, however, we also describe possible generalizations. We give recursions and explicit formulas for the Bethe vectors. We also give a representation for the Bethe vectors in the form of a trace formula.
We study quantum integrable models with GL(3) trigonometric $R$-matrix and solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. Using the presentation of the universal Bethe vectors in terms of projections of products of the currents of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_3)$ onto intersections of different types of Borel subalgebras, we prove that the set of the nested Bethe vectors is closed under the action of the elements of the monodromy matrix.
Multiple commutation relations of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$, nested Bethe vector and the Gelfand-Tsetlin basis
Japan Women’s University(日本女子大学);Faculty of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology(东京海洋大学海事技术学部);Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science(东京理科大学物理学系)
We compute an universal weight function (off-shell Bethe vectors) in any representation with a weight singular vector of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$ applying the method of projections of Drinfeld currents developed in arXiv:math/0610398.
Fusion approach for quantum integrable system associated with the $\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)$ Lie superalgebra
Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University(西北大学现代物理研究所);Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory(彭桓武理论研究中心);Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers(陕西理论物理前沿重点实验室);Fundamental Discipline Research Center for Quantum Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(陕西省量子科学与技术基础学科研究中心);Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院物理研究所凝聚态物理国家实验室);School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学物理科学学院)
We introduce and study a category $\text{Fin}$ of modules of the Borel subalgebra of a quantum affine algebra $U_q\mathfrak{g}$, where the commutative algebra of Drinfeld generators $h_{i,r}$, corresponding to Cartan currents, has finitely many characteristic values. This category is a natural extension of the category of finite-dimensional $U_q\mathfrak{g}$ modules. In particular, we classify the irreducible objects, discuss their properties, and describe the combinatorics of the q-characters. We study transfer matrices corresponding to modules in $\text{Fin}$. Among them we find the Baxter $…
The zero modes method is applied in order to get action of the monodromy matrix entries onto off-shell Bethe vectors in quantum integrable models associated with $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$-invariant $R$-matrices. The action formulas allow to get recurrence relations for off-shell Bethe vectors and for highest coefficients of the Bethe vectors scalar product.
We study the Gaudin models associated with $\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)$. We give an explicit description of the algebra of Hamiltonians (Gaudin Hamiltonians) acting on tensor products of polynomial evaluation $\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)[t]$-modules. It follows that there exists a bijection between common eigenvectors (up to proportionality) of the algebra of Hamiltonians and monic divisors of an explicit polynomial written in terms of the highest weights and evaluation parameters. In particular, our result implies that each common eigenspace of the algebra of Hamiltonians has dimension one. Therefore, we conf…
We propose a way to separate variables in a rational integrable $\mathfrak{gl}(n)$ spin chain with an arbitrary finite-dimensional irreducible representation at each site and with generic twisted periodic boundary conditions. Firstly, we construct a basis that diagonalises a higher-rank version of the Sklyanin B-operator; the construction is based on recursive usage of an embedding of a $\mathfrak{gl}(k)$ spin chain into a $\mathfrak{gl}(k+1)$ spin chain which is induced from a Yangian homomorphism and controlled by dual diagonals of Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. Then, we show that the same basis …
We study integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and described by $\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ or $\mathfrak{gl}(1|2)$ superalgebras. We obtain explicit determinant representations for form factors of the monodromy matrix entries. We show that all form factors are related to each other at special limits of the Bethe parameters. Our results allow one to obtain determinant formulas for form factors of local operators in the supersymmetric t-J model.
We consider quantum integrable models solvable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $\mathfrak{gl}(2)$-invariant $R$-matrix. We study the models of both periodic boundary conditions and boundary conditions based on reflection algebra. We present a new method to calculate the scalar products based on formula of an action of transfer matrix of a model onto Bethe vector. Using this method we identify some coefficient in the multiple action of the transfer matrix with the scalar product between on-shell and off-shell Bethe vectors. This allows us to find determinant representation of the s…
In these notes we study the duality between sigma-models and Toda QFT's. We claim that $\mathfrak{gl}(n|n)$ affine Toda field theory behaves in the strong coupling limit as $η-$deformed $\mathbb{CP}(n-1)$ sigma-model plus a free field.
We consider quantum integrable models with $\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ symmetry. We derive a set of multiple commutation relations between the monodromy matrix entries. These multiple commutation relations allow us to obtain different representations for Bethe vectors.
We study the ODE/IM correspondence for all states of the quantum $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$-KdV model, where $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$ is the affinization of a simply-laced simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We construct quantum $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$-KdV opers as an explicit realization of the class of opers introduced by Feigin and Frenkel, which are defined by fixing the singularity structure at $0$ and $\infty$, and by allowing a finite number of additional singular terms with trivial monodromy. We prove that the generalized monodromy data of the quantum $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$-KdV opers s…
We consider relations between Gauss coordinates of $T$-operators for the Yangian doubles of the classical types corresponding to the algebras $\mathfrak{g}$ of $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ series and the current generators of these algebras. These relations are important for the applications in the quantum integrable models related to $\mathfrak{g}$-invariant $R$-matrices and construction of the Bethe vectors in these models.
In this note we propose a compatible set of equations which commutes with the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations based on the $\mathfrak{gl}(n\vert m)$ symmetry algebra and establish the Matsuo-Cherednik correspondence in this context.