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arXiv 1708.06321nucl-thnucl-exquant-ph
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原子核的部分动力学对称性与形状共存

Partial dynamical symmetries and shape coexistence in nuclei

A. Leviatan, N. Gavrielov

摘要:

基于部分动力学对称性(PDS)的概念,提出了一种基于量子力学的核形状共存方法。后者对应的情况下,只有选定的状态(或状态带)的共存配置保持对称性,而其他国家的混合。我们构造了具有U(5),SU(3),${\overline{\rm SU(3)}}$和SO(6)型两个或三个PDS的显式临界点哈密顿量,分别适用于球形,长球形,扁球形和$γ$ -软变形形状的双重或三重共存.在每种情况下,我们分析的拓扑结构的能量表面与多个极小值和相应的正常模式。讨论了量子谱和波函数的特征和对称性。导出了涉及剩余可解态的四极矩和$E2$速率的解析表达式,并通过选择规则识别了同分异构态。

英文摘要:

We present a symmetry-based approach for shape coexistence in nuclei, founded on the concept of partial dynamical symmetry (PDS). The latter corresponds to a situation when only selected states (or bands of states) of the coexisting configurations preserve the symmetry while other states are mixed. We construct explicitly critical-point Hamiltonians with two or three PDSs of the type U(5), SU(3), ${\overline{\rm SU(3)}}$ and SO(6), appropriate to double or triple coexistence of spherical, prolate, oblate and $γ$-soft deformed shapes, respectively. In each case, we analyze the topology of the energy surface with multiple minima and corresponding normal modes. Characteristic features and symmetry attributes of the quantum spectra and wave functions are discussed. Analytic expressions for quadrupole moments and $E2$ rates involving the remaining solvable states are derived and isomeric states are identified by means of selection rules.

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