In this paper, we find the number of representations of the quadratic form $x_1^2+ x_1x_2 + x_2^2 + \ldots + x_{2k-1}^2 + x_{2k-1}x_{2k} + x_{2k}^2,$ for $k=7,9,11,12,14$ using the theory of modular forms. By comparing our formulas with the formulas obtained by G. A. Lomadze, we obtain the Fourier coefficients of certain newforms of level $3$ and weights $7,9,11$ in terms of certain finite sums involving the solutions of similar quadratic forms of lower variables. In the case of $24$ variables, comparison of these formulas gives rise to a new formula for the Ramanujan Tau function.
In this paper we attempt to prove Lehmer's conjecture on Ramanujan's tau function, namely tau(n) is never zero, for each n larger than zero by investigating the additive group structure attached to tau(n) with the aid of unique factorization theorem.
We show that if $E/\mathbb{Q}$ is an elliptic curve with a rational $p$-torsion for $p=2$ or $3$, then there is a congruence relation between Ramanujan's tau function and $E$ modulo $p$. We make use of such congruences to compute the Iwasawa invariants of $2$-adic and $3$-adic Mazur--Tate elements attached to Ramanujan's tau function. We also investigate numerically the Iwasawa invariants of the Mazur--Tate elements attached to an elliptic curve with additive reduction at a fixed prime number.
We consider natural variants of Lehmer's unresolved conjecture that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes. Namely, for $n>1$ we prove that $$τ(n)\not \in \{\pm 1, \pm 3, \pm 5, \pm 7, \pm 691\}.$$ This result is an example of general theorems for newforms with trivial mod 2 residual Galois representation, which will appear in forthcoming work of the authors with Wei-Lun Tsai. Ramanujan's well-known congruences for $τ(n)$ allow for the simplified proof in these special cases. We make use of the theory of Lucas sequences, the Chabauty-Coleman method for hyperelliptic curves, and facts about ce…
Given a commutative ring $R$ with identity, let $H_R$ be the set of sequences of elements in $R$. We investigate a novel isomorphism between $(H_R, +)$ and $(\tilde H_R,*)$, where $+$ is the componentwise sum, $*$ is the convolution product (or Cauchy product) and $\tilde H_R$ the set of sequences starting with $1_R$. We also define a recursive transform over $H_R$ that, together to the isomorphism, allows to highlight new relations among some well studied integer sequences. Moreover, these connections allow to introduce a family of polynomials connected to the D'Arcais numbers and the Ramanuj…
We use a q-series identity by Ramanujan to give a combinatorial interpretation of Ramanujan's tau function which involves t-cores and a new class of partitions which we call (m,k)-capsids. The same method can be applied in conjunction with other related identities yielding alternative combinatorial interpretations of the tau function.
Eigenvectors of the discrete Fourier transform can be expressed using Ramanujan theta functions. New theta function identities, Ramanujan theta function identities, and generating functions for the quadratic numbers are a consequence.
In this paper we study Ramanujan sums $c_{\bf m}(\bf n)$, where $ {\bf m}$ and ${\bf n}$ are integral ideals in an arbitrary quadratic number field. We give some new results about the asymptotic behavior of sums of $c_{\bf m}(\bf n)$ over both $ {\bf m}$ and $ {\bf n}$.
In the spirit of Lehmer's speculation that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes, it is natural to ask whether any given integer $α$ is a value of $τ(n)$. For odd $α$, Murty, Murty, and Shorey proved that $τ(n)\neq α$ for sufficiently large $n$. Several recent papers have identified explicit examples of odd $α$ which are not tau-values. Here we apply these results (most notably the recent work of Bennett, Gherga, Patel, and Siksek) to offer the first examples of even integers that are not tau-values. Namely, for primes $\ell$ we find that $$ τ(n)\not \in \{ \pm 2\ell \ : \ 3\leq \ell< 100\} …
We prove a number of results regarding odd values of the Ramanujan $τ$-function. For example, we prove the existence of an effectively computable positive constant $κ$ such that if $τ(n)$ is odd and $n \ge 25$ then either \[ P(τ(n)) \; > \; κ\cdot \frac{\log\log\log{n}}{\log\log\log\log{n}} \] or there exists a prime $p \mid n$ with $τ(p)=0$. Here $P(m)$ denotes the largest prime factor of $m$. We also solve the equation $τ(n)=\pm 3^{b_1} 5^{b_2} 7^{b_3} 11^{b_4}$ and the equations $τ(n)=\pm q^b$ where $3\le q < 100$ is prime and the exponents are arbitrary nonnegative integers. We make use of…
In this paper we prove Lehmer's conjecture on Ramanujan's tau function, namely tau(n) not equal to zero for n >= 1 by investigating the additive group structure attached to tau(n) with the aid of the pigeonhole principle and unique factorization theorem.
Ramanujan recorded four reciprocity formulas for the Roger-Ramanujan continued fraction. Two reciprocity formulas each are also associated with the Ramanujan--Göllnitz--Gordon continued fraction and a level-13 analog of the Roger-Ramanujan continued fraction. We show that all eight reciprocity formulas are related to a pair of quadratic equations. The solution to the first equation generalizes the golden ratio and is used to set the value of a coefficient in the second equation; and the solution to the second equation gives a pair of values for a continued fraction. We relate the coefficients …
For a number field $\mathbb{K}$, and integral ideals $\mathcal{I}$ and $\mathcal{J}$ in its number ring $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{K}}$, Nowak studied the asymptotic behaviour of the average of Ramanujan sums $C_{\mathcal{J}}({\mathcal{I}})$ over both ideals $\mathcal{I}$ and $\mathcal{J}$. In this article, we extend this investigation by establishing asymptotic formulas for the second moment of averages of Ramanujan sums over quadratic and cubic number fields, thereby generalizing previous works of Chen, Kumchev, Robles, and Roy on moments of averages of Ramanujan sums over rationals. Additionally…
We propose an improved algorithm for computing mod $\ell$ Galois representations associated to a cusp form $f$ of level one. The proposed method allows us to explicitly compute the case with $\ell=29$ and $f$ of weight $k=16$, and the cases with $\ell=31$ and $f$ of weight $k=12,20, 22$. All the results are rigorously proved to be correct. As an example, we will compute the values modulo $31$ of Ramanujan's tau function at some huge primes up to a sign. Also we will give an improved higher bound on Lehmer's conjecture for Ramanujan's tau function.
In this part we show that the diophantine equation $X^5+Y^5=\varepsilon^5(1-X^5Y^5)$, where $\varepsilon=\frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$, has solutions in specific abelian extensions of quadratic fields $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$ in which $-d \equiv \pm 1$ (mod $5$). The coordinates of these solutions are values of the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction $r(τ)$, and are shown to be periodic points of an algebraic function.
Mordell in 1958 gave a new proof of the three squares theorem. Those techniques were generalized by Blackwell, et al., in 2016 to characterize the integers represented by the remaining six "Ramanujan-Dickson ternaries". We continue the generalization of these techniques to four additional forms.
Mordell in 1958 gave a new proof of the three squares theorem. We generalize those techniques to characterize the integers represented by the remaining six "Ramanujan-Dickson ternaries" as well as three other ternary forms.
We extend a holomorphic projection argument of our earlier work to prove a novel divisibility result for non-holomorphic congruences of Hurwitz class numbers. This result allows us to establish Ramanujan-type congruences for Hurwitz class numbers on square classes, where the holomorphic case parallels previous work by Radu on partition congruences. We offer two applications. The first application demonstrates common divisibility features of Ramanujan-type congruences for Hurwitz class numbers. The second application provides a dichotomy between congruences for class numbers of imaginary quadra…
We prove that the ancestor Gromov-Witten correlation functions of one-dimensional compact Calabi-Yau orbifolds are quasi-modular forms. This includes the pillowcase orbifold which can not yet be handled by using Milanov-Ruan's B-model technique. We first show that genus zero modularity is obtained from the phenomenon that the system of WDVV equations is essentially equivalent to the set of Ramanujan identities satisfied by the generators of the ring of quasi-modular forms for a certain modular group associated to the orbifold curve. Higher genus modularity then follows by using tautological re…
In this paper, we determine the bound of the valency of the odd circulant graph which guarantees to be a Ramanujan graph for each fixed number of vertices. In almost of the cases, the bound coincides with the trivial bound, which comes from the trivial estimate of the largest non-trivial eigenvalue of the circulant graph. As exceptional cases, the bound in fact exceeds the trivial one by two. We then prove that such exceptionals occur only in the cases where the number of vertices has at most two prime factors and is represented by a quadratic polynomial in a finite family and, moreover, under…
We derive a Motohashi-type formula for the cubic moment of central values of $L$-functions of level $q$ cusp forms twisted by quadratic characters of conductor $q$, previously studied by Conrey and Iwaniec and Young. Corollaries of this formula include Weyl-subconvex bounds for $L$-functions of weight two cusp forms twisted by quadratic characters, and estimates towards the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture for Fourier coefficients of weight 3/2 cusp forms.
Hypergeometric functions over F_p and relations to elliptic curves and modular forms
对于p与1 mod 12全等的素数，给出了一类j-不变量为1728/t的椭圆曲线上的Frobenius迹与F_p上一个特殊的2F_1-超几何函数的值之间的显式关系，并利用Frobenius迹确定了Hecke算子T_k（p）在权为k且水平为1的尖点形式空间上的迹公式.这导致拉马努金的τ函数的公式在超几何函数。
Following Wigert, various authors, including Ramanujan, Gronwall, Erdős, Ivić, Schwarz, Wirsing, and Shiu, determined the maximal order of several multiplicative functions, generalizing Wigert's result $$\max_{n\leq x} \log d(n) = \frac{\log x}{\log \log x} (\log 2 + o(1)). $$ On the contrary, for many multiplicative functions, the maximal order of iterations of the functions remains widely open. The case of the iterated divisor function was only solved recently, answering a question of Ramanujan from 1915. Here we determine the maximal order of $\log f(f(n))$ for a class of multiplicative fun…
