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arXiv 1702.01136cs.DS
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平面图顶点稀疏化的改进保证

Improved Guarantees for Vertex Sparsification in Planar Graphs

Gramoz Goranci, Monika Henzinger, Pan Peng

备注：
Extended abstract appeared in proceedings of ESA 2017
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摘要：

图稀疏化的目的是将大型图压缩成较小的图，同时保留输入图的重要特征。在这项工作中，我们研究顶点稀疏，即，稀疏器，其目标是减少顶点的数量。（1）给定有向图$G=(V,E)$和具有$|K| = k$的终端顶点$K \subset V$，$G$的（顶点）可达性稀疏因子是有向图$H=(V_H,E_H)$，$K \subset V_H$，它保持终端对之间的所有可达性信息。在这项工作中，我们介绍了可达性保留未成年人（RPM）的概念，即，我们要求$H$是$G$的副修课程。我们证明了任何有向图$G$都允许一个大小为$O(k^3)$的RPM $H$，并且如果$G$是平面的，则$H$的大小提高到$O(k^{2} \log k)$。我们补充我们的上限显示，存在一个无限的家庭的网格，使任何RPM必须有$Ω(k^{2})$顶点。(2)给定一个带权无向图$G=(V,E)$和一个带$|K|=k$的端点$K$，$G$的一个精确（点）割稀疏子是一个带$K \subset V_H$的图$H$，它保持了分离$K$的任何二分划的最小割的值.我们表明，平面图与所有的$k$终端躺在同一个脸上承认确切削减稀疏的大小$O(k^{2})$，也是平面的。我们的结果扩展到流和距离稀疏。它提高了以前最著名的界的$O(k^22^{2k})$切割和流稀疏的指数因子，并匹配这一类图的$Ω(k^2)$下界。

英文摘要：

Graph Sparsification aims at compressing large graphs into smaller ones while preserving important characteristics of the input graph. In this work we study Vertex Sparsifiers, i.e., sparsifiers whose goal is to reduce the number of vertices. We focus on the following notions: (1) Given a digraph $G=(V,E)$ and terminal vertices $K \subset V$ with $|K| = k$, a (vertex) reachability sparsifier of $G$ is a digraph $H=(V_H,E_H)$, $K \subset V_H$ that preserves all reachability information among terminal pairs. In this work we introduce the notion of reachability-preserving minors (RPMs) , i.e., we require $H$ to be a minor of $G$. We show any directed graph $G$ admits a RPM $H$ of size $O(k^3)$, and if $G$ is planar, then the size of $H$ improves to $O(k^{2} \log k)$. We complement our upper-bound by showing that there exists an infinite family of grids such that any RPM must have $Ω(k^{2})$ vertices. (2) Given a weighted undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ and terminal vertices $K$ with $|K|=k$, an exact (vertex) cut sparsifier of $G$ is a graph $H$ with $K \subset V_H$ that preserves the value of minimum-cuts separating any bipartition of $K$. We show that planar graphs with all the $k$ terminals lying on the same face admit exact cut sparsifiers of size $O(k^{2})$ that are also planar. Our result extends to flow and distance sparsifiers. It improves the previous best-known bound of $O(k^22^{2k})$ for cut and flow sparsifiers by an exponential factor, and matches an $Ω(k^2)$ lower-bound for this class of graphs.

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