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arXiv 2101.02574cs.DS
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单顶点或单边失效的平面可达性

Planar Reachability Under Single Vertex or Edge Failures

Giuseppe F. Italiano, Adam Karczmarz, Nikos Parotsidis

摘要:

本文给出了平面有向图在单边失效或单点失效情况下的一个有效的可达预言机。具体来说,我们表明,一个平面有向图$G$可以预处理在$O(n\log^2{n}/\log\log{n})$的时间,产生一个$O(n\log{n})$ -空间的数据结构,可以回答在$O(\log{n})$的时间是否$u$可以达到$G$中的$v$,如果顶点$x$(边缘~ $f$)从$G$中删除,任何查询顶点$u,v$和失败的顶点$x$(失败的边缘$f$)。据我们所知,这是平面有向图的第一个数据结构,具有接近最佳的预处理时间,在多对数时间内回答任何类型的故障下的所有对查询。我们还考虑2-可达性问题,其中我们给出了一个平面有向图$G$,我们希望确定是否有两个顶点不相交(边不相交)路径从$u$到$v$,查询顶点$u,v$。在这种情况下,我们提供了一个接近最优的2-可达性预言机,这是存在的单一故障下的可达性预言机的变体,具有以下界限。我们可以在$O(n\log^{O(1)}{n})$时间内构造一个$O(n\log^{3+o(1)}{n})$ -空间数据结构,该数据结构可以在$O(\log^{2+o(1)}{n})$时间内检查任何查询顶点$u,v$是否$v$从$u$是2-可达的,或者找到位于$G$中从$u$到$v$的所有路径上的某个分离顶点(边)$x$。为了得到我们的结果,我们遵循Thorup关于平面图的可达性的一般递归方法[J.~ ACM 2004年],我们提出了新的数据结构,它概括了支配树和以前的数据结构,用于故障下的强连通性[Georgiadis等人,SODA 2017].我们的新数据结构也适用于一般的有向图,可能是独立的兴趣。

英文摘要:

In this paper we present an efficient reachability oracle under single-edge or single-vertex failures for planar directed graphs. Specifically, we show that a planar digraph $G$ can be preprocessed in $O(n\log^2{n}/\log\log{n})$ time, producing an $O(n\log{n})$-space data structure that can answer in $O(\log{n})$ time whether $u$ can reach $v$ in $G$ if the vertex $x$ (the edge~$f$) is removed from $G$, for any query vertices $u,v$ and failed vertex $x$ (failed edge $f$). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data structure for planar directed graphs with nearly optimal preprocessing time that answers all-pairs queries under any kind of failures in polylogarithmic time. We also consider 2-reachability problems, where we are given a planar digraph $G$ and we wish to determine if there are two vertex-disjoint (edge-disjoint) paths from $u$ to $v$, for query vertices $u,v$. In this setting we provide a nearly optimal 2-reachability oracle, which is the existential variant of the reachability oracle under single failures, with the following bounds. We can construct in $O(n\log^{O(1)}{n})$ time an $O(n\log^{3+o(1)}{n})$-space data structure that can check in $O(\log^{2+o(1)}{n})$ time for any query vertices $u,v$ whether $v$ is 2-reachable from $u$, or otherwise find some separating vertex (edge) $x$ lying on all paths from $u$ to $v$ in $G$. To obtain our results, we follow the general recursive approach of Thorup for reachability in planar graphs [J.~ACM~'04] and we present new data structures which generalize dominator trees and previous data structures for strong-connectivity under failures [Georgiadis et al., SODA~'17]. Our new data structures work also for general digraphs and may be of independent interest.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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